"Ivan Gren" - a Russian enkulu kwendiza inqanawa le 11711 yeprojekthi

Iziganeko zeminyaka yakutshanje baye babonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba urhulumente ngokuyimfuneko kufuna nawa enamandla, nto leyo ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Ngelishwa, ekuweni eSoviet Union kunye neziganeko ezilandelayo nzulu le aye ayenza yahexa zokuzikhusela Russian lwaphela kaThixo. Noko ke, kutshanje urhulumente uhlawula eninzi ingqalelo kule ngxaki, uhlale ezityeni ezintsha inkonzo. Ezi ziquka kakuhle "Ivan Gren" ebikhona nqanawa omkhulu.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kakuhle ezaziwayo i "Zubr" iiprojekthi "Moray", nto leyo unanamhla kuqhubeka kwakhelwa abathengi basemzini. Namhlanje, imboni yasekhaya unalo injongo wanda - ukuba uhluthe ngeenqanawa zayo fleet kokwehla, leyo kude igqithe ubukhulu lweeprojekthi zikhankanywe ngasentla. Noko ke, Navy USSR bekukho na. Injongo kukuba kwanokuphucula awazise neemfuno imfazwe mihla elwandle.

Imeko yangoku

Namhlanje, imikhumbi luqulathe iimpahla ezinxulumene iiprojekthi 1171 no 775. Baye ziyilelwe ngenjongo yokudlulisa ukuba nomkhosi uMarines ukuba ayinike izithuthi vehicles enzima, zokudubula kunye nezinye izixhobo swatches. Iinqanawa sokuqala sale besigaba yenzelwe eLeningrad, waye umyili I.I.Kuzmin oyintloko. Abanye babo zakhiwa kwi eKaliningrad mveliso "Yantar", abanye - shipyards Polish. Oku kwenzeka kwixesha ukususela ngowe-1974 ukuya 1990. Kamva likhokela uphuhliso CDB babelwa, kodwa nqanawa kulo zilolo hlobo zazilulo.

iimpawu ngokubanzi lweeprojekthi

Unjengeenqanawa projekthi ngo-1171 zaye ephawuleka ukuhamba ngokupheleleyo kuluhlu ka-4000 m, ngoncedo lwabo enokwenziwa ukufika kubantu 313, sixhobe ngokupheleleyo. Bekucingelwa ukuba nkundla ngexesha inye ukuthwala ukuya ku-avareji ezisixhenxe okanye ngaphezulu kwamashumi kwamatanki ukukhanya. Ngowe-1966-1975, i-Soviet Navy wafumana 14 ezifana neempahla, kunye nentloko waba "Voronezh Komsomolets". Ithunyelwa kweli xesha yaphuculwa amaxesha amane (kwinkqubo yokwakha kunye noyilo). Project 775 Kuthathwa phantse iimpawu ezifanayo ngokwandla nezakhono kunye imithwalo amandla, kodwa ezi iinqanawa ezaxhobela ngcono kakhulu. Bebonke amaqhosha 24 kwakhiwa.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho malunga 20 iiprojekthi ze ngeenqanawa Navy ngo-1171 no 775, kule yamva ezinkulu. Ngethamsanqa, nkqu ekuweni kweManyano le nqanawa unako ukugcina phantse bonke bephela. Kakade ke, ulutsha ziye added, ngokuthe ngcembe icebo iya- kuba ilizwe kufuneka ukwakha iinqanawa ezintsha kule klasi. Kuvakala ukuba i "Ivan Gren" Ngokuthe ngcembe uya indawo langaphambili.

Imeko amazwe NATO

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le meko kunye NATO iinqanawa njengayo Kuthi ezahlukeneyo. Zombini i-US kunye EU kufuna ukuba njengenxalenye azinakulawuleka zabo iinqanawa ezininzi phawu-elityebileyo owenza nje umsebenzi ngokuyeka of amajoni kunye nezixhobo emkhosini. Nangona iindleko eziphezulu zezi projekthi, kusenokwenzeka. AmaMelika kakhulu impumelelo: kwanokuba xa sisakha BDK ndakhawuleza isantya, inqanaba phezu engamashumi amabini ezayo akayi ukufikelela.

Zinelungelo izixhobo ezitsha wamajoni uya kungena fleet ngumsinga. Enyanisweni, uthando olunjalo neenqanawa njengayo iyaqondakala, ekubeni ukutshintshwa izixa ezikhulu lokuSetyenziswa kwaMandla oLuntu ayibizi kakhulu, ukuba theka elwandle. Ngenxa nkqubo ndlongo bezinye iintlanga baseMerika, ngamanye amazwi, kwaye ayikwazanga.

Bokuqala ukufika nqanawa yasekhaya kwinkulungwane entsha

Inqanawa entsha, ekufuneka siqalise zokubuyisela iingcingo kubume bangaphambili njengayo ye nesinqanawa Russian, wanikwa igama "Ivan Gren". Eli gama lwakhethwa ukuba kude kanye oko, kuba umkhombe ibizwa wokuwonga elaa sisazinzulu abanetalente kunye artilleryman. De 1941, Gren ekhokelwa Marine Research Institute. inkonzo yakhe yaqala kanye phambi Revolution, kwi-Imperial Navy. Yena inxaxheba kuvavanyo yaye engqina nezilingo phantsi phantse kuzo zonke iinkqubo, leyo zaphuhliswa ngelo xesha. Xa kuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, waba yintloko yabo bonke zokudubula ye kwiBaltic Fleet. Yena uye wazibonakalisa njengoko lokulwa enkulu umlilo master counter-ibhetri.

Ulwazi malunga kuphuhliso "Gren"

I "Ivan Gren" yokuqala efanele ukwenza inqanawa esisisikhokelo projekthi 11711. Ke ukuba uyilo lwalo, ukuba kubanjwe ziyafana zonke, ngo St.Petersburg. UMyili jikelele - A.Viglin, umyili oyintloko iinqanawa kolu ngcelele elimisiweyo V.N.Suvorov.

Ngokungafaniyo iinqanawa elidlulileyo le projekthi 1171, siya kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke iimfuno kunye namava yokwenene kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba BDK "Ivan Gren" uyakwazi kakuhle ngokufanayo kusetyenziselwa kuphela emkhosini kodwa imisebenzi uxolo. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwale yeklasi iinqanawa ukuthuthwa imiqulu amakhulu imithwalo, kuquka ukungena Fairways komlambo. BDK "Ivan Gren" ikwazi ukuthwala zonke izixhobo mihla wamajoni Russian Federation, ukususela kuyilo kunye nokwakhiwa zaye zathathelwa ingqalelo kuphela iimfuno Marine lweSizwe, kodwa ke imikhosi emhlabeni eqhelekileyo.

Ukuphucula iimeko ubomi kunye nomsebenzi kwa aba belungu bayehluthe

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo yahlawulwa ekudaleni iimeko ezininzi obutofotofo ubomi kunye nomsebenzi aba belungu bayehluthe kubo. Kukho nkqu isakhiwo qethe emikhulu eyenzelwe ukugcina oomatiloshe kunye namagosa ukwimo elungileyo ngokomzimba. Ukongeza, imikhumbi kolu ngcelele liza kubonelela ngendlela ethile emhlabeni. Khumbula ukuba kwimveliso standard BBC eSoviet Union ngaphandle ithambeka isaphetha evumela ukuba 'ukukhululwa "ukususela esiswini inqanawa de kwamatanki ukukhanya emithathu emanzini ngexesha elifanayo elwandle, akukho ngaphezu amanqaku amathathu, ngaphandle yimincili.

Kuba onxweme babesebenzisa ithambeka efanayo. Kwithambeka elunxwemeni ngexesha efanayo ixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu. Kwimeko zokugxojwa isiqabu iinqanawa Navy ubudala bathathwa "otyalwe" ubuchule kuphela ukuqubha. Kodwa usebenza kuphela ekukhanyeni, amatanki emanzini. oomatshini Ngokukhulayo nzima ngexesha elinye kuhlala phezu enqanaweni. Used, kule meko indlela non-contact inika isikhokelo ukukhanya isikhitshane wokuweza: obu bugcisa ngokwemveli kusetyenziswa kuphela imikhosi umhlaba.

pontoons amaninzi, ezo uzibeke phambili endaweni ezithambekileyo, akuvumela ukudala ngokukhawuleza ibhulorho ethembekileyo eliza nokuba isikrweqe enzima kakhulu. Olu hlobo ngokufanelekileyo kudala kusetyenziswa ngokwemikhosi angaphandle, njengoko kukuvumela ukwandisa alwayo izakhono imikhumbi lokuhlala.

iinguqu ezibalulekileyo kunye nezongezo isakhiwo

Enye ezintsha obalulekileyo ithuba ukuthutha izikhongozeli constructional yokuthumela standard (iitoni 20). Yintoni bhetele, ngenxa yokuba indlela yayo non-zoqhagamshelwano igqampe nqanawa nga lokuzisa iimpahla nokuba ezingafanelekanga ngokupheleleyo bolo nxweme. iimpahla zothutho ithi nokuphupha. Ubunzima lilonke imithwalo - ukuya kwiitoni 1500. Lokuyenza lula yonke le nkqubo ukulayisha / ukothula, emkhombeni, sasinga -crane kunye emcela amandla ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-16.

Namhlanje, sithetha malunga indlela yokudala iphenyane "epheleleyo 'emanzini, nto leyo iya kugcinwa kwi projekthi yokuma ngaphakathi 11711E iinqanawa. Alinako kuphela nefom namkhombe wodwa, ukwenza imisebenzi ezizimeleyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo elo thuba iza ngokukodwa kutsala nabancedi, iinjineli kunye zokuma.

Isidingo imikhumbi

project "Ivan Gren" ukufuna uya njani? Imfuneko sele ezinjalo ukuba umenzi ulayishiwe ngemiyalelo iminyaka emininzi ezayo. Xa ithebhu yenziwa inqanawa lokuqala lale projekthi, lo msitho ubuzinyaswe phantse bonke aba bantu yokuqala karhulumente, kwakunye nolawulo zonke iinkampani eziya kunika imveliso.

Njengoko bathi abavelisi ngokwabo, 11711 iprojekthi wenkundla "Ivan Gren" ukuba imeko yangoku neAfrika kweli lizwe kubalulekile kakhulu. Ekubeni umyalelo ukwakhiwa iinqanawa yafunyanwa inkampani eyaziwayo "Yantar", akuyi ono- umgangatho womsebenzi.

izibakala ukungazi

Konke okulungileyo, oko nje zintatheli efanayo wabhala ngo ... 2004! kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo Ndifumene iindaba kwamnandi ngokwenene: intloko ukugaleleka inqanawa le 11711 projekthi ekugqibeleni waqala kuvavanywa kuLwandle lweBaltic abe! Kwadlula iminyaka engaphezu kwama-11 ukususela bookmarks ku sungula. Ndiyavuya ukuba abaziinkunkqele wafunga ukuba ukulibazisa ixesha kuba kubi kakhulu ekwakhiweni umzekelo yesibini (leyo asele ethathiwe). Ekupheleni kwalo nyaka, idinga isitya intloko ekugqibeleni kudluliselwa Navy.

Kuba kwakusakhiwa umkhombe ekhokelayo kwacetywa iminyaka emine, omnye inqanawa eya kudluliselwa Navy iminyaka emibini. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba fleet yokuqala beempahla ezintlanu odolwe kanye kolu ngcelele, kodwa sele abathathu kubo yakwazi ukuba oomatiloshe. Noko ke, emva kokuba ibali iziqhamo ezibi "Mistral" kuthenjwa ukuba inani le nqanawa nangoku wande, njengoko kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa iimfuno zoluntu ngaphandle elizweni. Ekugqibeleni, namhlanje bafumana ulwazi emkhosini nangoku unomdla ekwakhiweni lonke thotho (iinkundla ezisixhenxe), kodwa isigqibo sokugqibela siya kuthathwa kuphela emva kokuphumelela kuzo zonke iimvavanyo nowaye.

Ukuba okanye hayi ukuba?

Ekugqibeleni, siye sabona ulwazi kunyaka olandelayo kwagqitywa ukuqala nokwakhiwa iinqanawa ezinkulu emanzini, ukuze mhlawumbi izithuthi nangoku aziphelelanga neempahla nje emibini. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, Iiprojekthi iinqanawa ukugaleleka enkulu isizukulwana esitsha sele apho, ngoko ungalindela ukuba oku intetho engenanto. Xa kunjalo, "Gren" - iprojekthi umdla, kunye nemfuneko ngokwenene bukhulu kakhulu.

Iingcali isisombululo yomkhosi ukunciphisa "umhlambi" ezi nkundla ngokubanzi kukhokelela ekupheleni abafileyo, ukuba aye abalwa kuquka amathuba uMarines zothutho emhlabeni imilambo, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yasekuhlaleni. iinqanawa ezimbini oku ngokucacileyo ngokwaneleyo!

Ngenxa yoko iphazanyiswa zokugcina?

Akukho mfuneko yokuba ityala yedwa "Amber". Okokuqala, abaziinkunkqele bamsukela yokunqongophala kwenkxaso-mali. Okwesibini, okokuqala kwi idrafti iinkcukacha iye yanikezelwa nguMthengi ngo-2003, kodwa ukususela ngoko, imilo kunye noyilo inqanawa rhoqo ukwenza utshintsho, ezingenakulinganiswa kodwa kuchaphazela isantya umsebenzi. Ngoko ke, ngo-2005, oko thaca imigaqo ezihlaziyiweyo, nto leyo ibandakanya utshintsho phantse kuzo zonke iziza. Kwaye oko kwenzeka ngaphezu kanye.

Iintengo njengomthombo iingxaki

Eyona ngxaki yale projekthi - inani elikhulu inamacandelo amazwe. Ngenxa yezinto ezisanda kufuneka ngokungxamisekileyo ukuba bashiye nokutshintsha zasekhaya. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba iinjineli namhlanje kuqhubeka ukucokisa le projekthi ukuzeka kade umsindo. Enyanisweni, onke amacandelo afunekayo sele zinikelwe ngaphambili, ukuze ukuntsonkotha kulindeleke kuphela baphume emkhombeni yesibini. Kodwa kuye kwanzima leqashiso.

Inqanawa kufuneka indawo inani elikhulu yeekhomponenti amazwe ukuba ekuqaleni ezicingelweyo iinkcukacha. Ngoko, kakade sisaba eninzi ubunzima ukhetho iinkqubo zonyango kunye kwetyuwa. Noko ke, abalimi bathi iinkampani basekhaya babe namava kwimveliso amasebe, ukuze lo mbuzo kwakhona igqibe lwabiwo-mali. Unethemba kwaye wongezelela inqanawa yesibini iza ukwakha phezu scheme olungqiniweyo, kunokuba ukususela ekuqaleni. Sele ziquka amacandelo ezininzi izindlu.

Ngokubanzi, i "yingcambu yazo zonke iintlobo zobubi," le projekthi kukuba emva kokuwa Union ngesiquphe kwenzeka ukuba phantse zonke iinkampani ezivelisa components imikhumbi, baba kwelinye. Ingakumbi, le intsimi Ukrainian.

Iimpawu eziphambili zobugcisa zale projekthi

• yeetoni Uqikelelo - ukuya kwiitoni ezintlanu.
• Ubude - iimitha 120.
• ububanzi obukhulu - 16.5 eemitha.
• kwenze Uqikelelo - 3.6 m.
• Uhlobo powerplant - diesel.
• santya siphezulu ngokupheleleyo - 18 amaqhina.
• Inani eliqikelelwayo labasebenzi - malunga nekhulu ngabantu.

Njani, ke, ndoqhayisa iingalo nqanawa njengayo "Ivan Gren"? Nalu uluhlu lwakhe isityholo (noko ndiyazi yonke):

• iiyunithi ezimbini A-215 "Grad-M".
• Zokudubula. Omnye umatshini 76 mm-oluzenzekelayo AK-176M ezimbini AK-630M (ukuvuleka 30 mm, ezenzekelayo).
• Enqanaweni, umntu kusekelwe antisubmarine ntaka Ka-29.
• Umthamo amacandelo ukufika - to 36 okanye 13 APCs MBT (ubunzima ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-60). On ibhodi nayo kuthuthwa ukuya ku 300 paratroopers zinakho kunye exhobileyo.

Okwangoku, le ujingi ephambili ngokupheleleyo udlula uhlolo lokugqibela, ukwisigaba sokugqibela sokwakha. Ngenxa yoko, inkoliso izixhobo ebhodini ayikenziwa ifakiwe, ukuze imilo lokugqibela enqanaweni kunye bexhobile yayo kodwa kusekwangoko kakhulu ngumgwebi. Sinethemba lokuba ekupheleni kwalo nyaka, kusekho bona i "Gren" ukulwa lokulungela ngokupheleleyo.