Inani abadla umhlala-Russia: amanani

Pensioner wabhekisela umntu rhoqo lifumana umxhesho evela kuRhulumente ngokunxulumene nempumelelo eselekhulile elikhankanyiweyo, ukufumana ukukhubazeka, umhlala-phantsi okanye inzuzo osindileyo emva emkhosini. Ngokunxulumene iingxaki zezibalo kumazwe amaninzi bathetha ngemfuneko utshintsho kule ndawo. Inani umhlala eRashiya uyakhula chu, kwaba 35 163 000 ngo-2015. Le yi-24% yabo bonke abemi Russian. Ngoko ke, ngo-2015, abantu 1000. labantu ukusebenza-yobudala ubalelwa 411,7 abadla umhlala-phantsi.

nemeko yezembali

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala baqalisa yokuhlawula ipension ukuba amagosa Navy. Oku kwenzeka ngo 1673 e-France. Le nkqubo pension jikelele iye yaphunyezwa kuqala eJamani kwiminyaka engama-200 kamva, ngo-1889. Kweli xesha yobukumkani, iye akabonakalanga eRashiya. Pension wafumana kuphela iindidi abanye abakhonzi yomkhosi yoluntu. Legislating inkqubo jikelele yaba kuphela USSR. Ngowe-1930 kwathiwa yasekwa umhlala-phantsi: Iminyaka 60 - ngokuba amadoda, 55 - kwabasetyhini.

Iintlobo lweenkqubo yomhlalaphantsi

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ukuxhasa izibonelelo ezinjalo. Ezi ndidi zilandelayo lweenkqubo pension kungathiwa:

• Distribution. Oku kusekelwe-inshorensi yoluntu. Oku kubandakanya indibanisela zizathu ngamnye kunye noninzi.
• NDC. Oku kusekelwe kwimeko demographic kwaye yoqoqosho olukhulu kweli lizwe. Kulo mzekelo, imali ye pension umiselwa ngenxa yengeniso enemiqathango kunye iminyaka yobomi.
• Exhaswayo. Phantsi kwale nkqubo, i pension kuxhomekeke kumvuzo, kutsalwe ukuya kwi-akhawunti eyahlukileyo. Ngokungafaniyo kwinkqubo yangaphambili, yonke into ixhomekeke ingeniso yokwenene, hayi eziqingqiweyo. Umqeshwa unelungelo lokukhetha ngxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi, apho wenza iintlawulo.

Kwihlabathi

Kumazwe amaninzi, umhlala-phantsi engama-65. Kwamanye amazwe, i-EU kunye US beqhubeka sithetha ngemfuneko ukuyiphakamisa ngenxa "ukuguga" yeentlanga. Kuthathwa ukuba ubudala umhlala-phantsi ngo 2060 kuya kwandisa ukuba iminyaka engama-70. E Germany, ufuna ukwenza oko kwixesha elizayo. Njengoko inani umhlala phantsi liyenyuka eRashiya, ezinye iingcali kuthetha imfuneko ukutshintsha inkqubo ekhoyo yokufumana inzuzo karhulumente ubudala.

Kule Russian Federation

NgoJanuwari 1, 2015 lasungula inkqubo yomhlalaphantsi entsha eRashiya. Oku kudibanisa imiba kugcino, inshorensi kunye neenzuzo alunakuqinisekiswa. Ngo-2015 inani abadla umhlala-Russia iye yafikelela kubantu abazizigidi 43. Inxalenye ebonakalayo kubo ufumana umhlala-phantsi, isixa-mali apho lingaphantsi kwenani wemivuzo zimiselwe iqela yobudala efanelekileyo. Ingakumbi mibi imeko abantu abangazange babe imivuzo emikhulu kakhulu ngokunxulumene nemfuneko ukuba banyamekele izizalwane abagulayo.

Russia yinkqubo enamanqanaba amabini. Abemi ungakhetha phakathi kwe Pension Fund kunye nabadlali non-karhulumente. iintlobo ezimbini iingenelo nazo bodwa. Ahluke umthombo-mali yazo. Yeyona uhlobo olungundoqo lwe pension yabasebenzi. Ilungelo kubo ophakamayo ngokunxulumene nempumelelo kwiminyaka ethile okanye ubude inkonzo. Uhlobo lwesibini yomhlalaphantsi uhlawulwe kwezinye iimeko. Umzekelo, emkhosini, asebenze nokuthotyelwa komthetho.

Amanani: Inani umhlala Russian

Abemi Senior kwi Russian Federation ukhusela siseko, oqinisekisa inkxaso karhulumente. ilungelo labo ilawula inani zezixhobo ngamazwe yamkelwa weZizwe eziManyeneyo. Ukwenzela ukuphucula ubomi babantu abadala Russian Federation iye yamkela inani amaxwebhu qhinga kaRhulumente, kwakunye izenzo olumisiweyo zomthetho kwezi zifundo RF.

phantsi lwesigama isiqu zisenokuthi zahluke kancinane. Noko ke, kukho inkalo eqhelekileyo ekulinganisweni labemi beli qela lo osikelwe ubudala: Amadoda - engama-60 kwabasetyhini - engama-55. Inani umhlala-iRashiya 2016 35 986 000 abantu. Le yi 24,6% yabantu bonke, ngaphezu ngo-2015 0.6%. Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo umthwalo abantu abasebenzayo-yobudala liye landa kakhulu. Ukuba ngo-2006, abantu 1,000 waba umhlala 326,7, ngoko ngo-2015 - 411,7.

Inani labantu abasebenza ubudala liye landa ngenxa yokwanda yokuphila. Ngaphezu koko, le ntsingiselo okufana nobudala. Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokufa kwabantu yobudala yomhlala nangoku iphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo kwabasetyhini. Kwaye lo msantsa uya usiba. Kulindeleke ukuba 2031 iya kuba 42.324 njengoko amawaka abantu abadla umhlala-Russia. Le yi 28.7% yabo xa bebonke. Uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba abantu 1000 ubudala yokusebenza liya kuba 533,8 abadla umhlala-phantsi.

Inani umhlala-sebesebenza eRashiya

Ngowe-2017, lo oyilwayo ulindeleke, awathi yinxalenye abantu abasebenzayo baya kufumana ayisendim izibonelelo eziqhelekileyo kurhulumente. Utshintsho liyayiqonda kuphela abo baqhubeka ukusebenza umhlala-phantsi. Ukongeza, asingabo bonke, kodwa kuphela inxalenye encinane - abantu abanemivuzo engaphezulu engange kwesigidi.

Inani umhlala abasebenza eRashiya lehle nge-36% kwikota yokuqala ka-2016. Ukuba ngo-2015 kwakukho 15 million, ngoku 9.6 kuphela. Ngenxa yoko, urhulumente nje ayiphumelelanga songe kwaliwe indexation ye pension, kodwa kwafuneka ukuba inike i-transfer olongezelelweyo inshorensi yesinyanzelo. Xa siqwalasela indlela abadla umhlala ezininzi eRashiya waqhubeka ukusebenza ukuya kuyo, ngoko eli nani esoloko liyanda. Ngowe-2014, 34,9% labantu abasebenza ubudala babeqeshwe. Phakathi izizathu lubalaseleyo khuthaza bamphetheyo emsebenzini:

• Ukungabikho kwemali.
• Le imfuneko yonxibelelwano.
• Nomnqweno wokwenza imali eyongezelelweyo.
• Umnqweno inkululeko yemali.
• Nomdla kumsebenzi owenziweyo.
• Umkhuba.

Ngenxa yoko, isampula yesaveyi umhlala abasebenza kwiindawo zemfundo, ezempilo kunye neenkonzo zentlalo ibonisa ukubaluleka inkuthazo yentlalo yomsebenzi ngamandla abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka nokukhubazeka. Esi sicwangciso kubalulekile nje kuphela abantu, kodwa kwakhona ukuba ilizwe liphela, njengoko eRashiya ubhekisela "ukwaluphala 'iintlanga.

Lubonakala ngokuba notyekelo ukwandisa yengqesho umhlala phantsi kunye amazwe EU kunye OECD. Ukuba wasebenza ngo-2014, ngo-2004 26% kuphela abaneminyaka engama-60 ukuya kwengama-65 - esele 35.3%. ERashiya, eli nani lingaphantsi thile. Kweli qela lobudala ngo-2013,-30% kuphela waqhubeka ukusebenza. Oku kubonisa ukuba amathuba ngokwandisa umsebenzi kwezoqoqosho umhlala phantsi.

Kwinkalo zomkhosi

Uchonga amaqela amaninzi abantu bayazuza oya ngendlela ethile. Kuba umhlalaphansi zomkhosi, ngaphandle kwabo bakhonza omkhosi ye Russian Federation, nayo oluphezulu njengonogada umda, abacimi-mlilo, amapolisa kunye nesebe amapolisa. enye ukwanda iinzuzo zabo kucwangciswe Oktobha 2016. Inani labasebenzi umhlala zomkhosi eRashiya, ngokutsho Ubulungiseleli woKhuselo, 1.1 yezigidi zabantu. I-avareji inzuzo kolu didi abantu wonke-20 amawaka engange.

iingxaki mali

Inani abadla umhlala-Russia ngonyaka yonke ngakumbi lusanda nangakumbi. Ngenxa yoko, umthwalo ngabemi yokusebenza-yobudala kwakhona rhoqo kuyanda. Kukunqongophala zale mali mali kukhokelela ukuba ezinye iingcali inikezela isisombululo olukhulu ke ukupheliswa ke imihlala kubantu abaqhubeka ukusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, lo gama i-idrafti ibhekisela kuphela kwabo bantu yabo ingeniso engaphezulu kwesigidi zeerandi. Elinye icebo kungaba ukuphakamisa ubudala nokukhubazeka. Namhlanje, akukho miqobo intlawulo yomhlalaphantsi kubasebenzi.