Indalo weZizwe eziManyeneyo

UN iminyaka engaphezu kwama-65, lo mbutho yeyona ummeli ngamazwe ukusombulula imiba ephambili kwezopolitiko zehlabathi, nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko jikelele.

Ukudalwa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo senziwa emva kokuba ngoloyiso elilwa-uHitler ayimbumba phezu Germany kunye namahlakani ayo kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

Inyathelo lokuqala ukuya ekudalweni kumbutho yamazwe ngamazwe, nto leyo imbadada ungquzulwano umsebenzi azimisele phakathi kwamazwe ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuvela yeemfazwe ezintsha kwixesha elizayo, yaba ukusayinwa kwesiVumelwano phakathi USSR kunye Great Britain (12/07/1941). Emva koko, izivumelwano ezifanayo kwasayinwa behlupheka Poland.

Nangona unyaka kwendalo weZizwe eziManyeneyo - yi 1945, inkqubo yokulungiselela esi siganeko kakhulu waqala ngaphambili. Ngo August-Septemba 1941, eli xwebhu lwenziwa, idibanisa kunye umdla kwamagunya amathathu - eSoviet Union, i-USA ne-UK. Waba sisiseko yembono ukuba womanyano anti-zwilakhe entsha. Isayinwe Atlantic Charter lusekelwe kwimigaqo ngokubanzi, ebekumele ukuba zilandele eli lizwe ngexesha lemfazwe: Akukho songezo indawo, ephethe onke amazwe imida utshintsho kuphela ngemvume abantu abahlala kuzo.

NgoJanuwari 1, 1942, Roosevelt, Churchill, Soviet Ambassador Litvinov kunye noMphathiswa weMicimbi yaNgaphandle of China Sun Tzu-Wen wasayina Declaration of leZizwe eziManyeneyo. Olu xwebhu yaba nokuqhubekeka ubhalo-Atlantic Charter kwavunyelwana ngayo ngaphambili.

Emva kokuba uloyiso e Stalingrad kunye Kursk Velile Lolwana imiba zokuhlala kwemfazwe wafika kuqala. Uloyiso baqiniswa kakhulu igunya yiSoviet Union kwibakala lehlabathi. EMoscow nisithimbile inyathelo, kwaye ngaphambili ozakuzo. Ukudalwa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo lwasungulwa kanye Union uyayiqonda imfuneko ukuyila umbutho ukuba wayeza kukwazi ukugcina ukhuseleko noxolo.

Umbuzo yokudala mbutho waphakanyiswa kwiNkomfa Moscow (Oktobha 1943). Ngeli xesha le ncwadi yasayinwa, ephathelele ukhuseleko lwehlabathi. "Declaration of weZizwe Four," sahlanganiswa ngenxa yesivumelwano mutual lamazwe inxaxheba ekwakheni ubudlelwane babo -siseko wedemokhrasi womanyano.

Umhla indalo UN, Noko ke, ukuba usekude lee-kude. Nangona urhulumente elivunywe imfuneko yokuseka umbutho ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze kwenziwe isigqibo sokugqibela kwathabatha iminyaka eliqela ngakumbi.

Icala eSoviet ecetywayo ukusekwa abameli amagunya abathathu ikhomishini yophuhliso kwemiba enxulumene ekuvunyweni ummeli entsha wentlangano. Izigqibo yamkelwa kwinkomfa Moscow, ziphinde-kuqinisekiswa intlanganiso Stalin, Churchill kunye Roosevelt e Tehran.

Ngo-1944, isiphumo yayiphuma kuThixo imfazwe leyo esele ibonakala. Sebenzela ukusombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene kunye nokudalwa kumbutho yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuba iye yakhula kakhulu. Urhulumente US iye kucetywa kuququzelela inkomfa e Washington. Amazwe "Big ezintathu" bananise iimemorandam kunye nezindululo zaso kwi kwizikhundla ezingundoqo. Agasti 21, ukuvulwa kwenkomfa.

Ukudalwa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo iye yaba yinto ixesha. Mazwe baye ngokulandela imigaqo International Organization: 1. Ukulingana geqe zonke States; 2. Le ukulahlwa nokoyikiswa amandla ekusombululeni iingxaki; 3. yokwenza izibophelelo zabo; 4. Ukwala ukunceda amazwe, apho yokunyanzelisa inyathelo kuthathwa okanye uhlobo othintelo; uncedo kangangoko kuMbutho bonke States;. 6. ekuqinisekiseni izenzo kwamanye amazwe ngokungqinelana nemigaqo soMbutho.

Izidumbu iphambili ye-UN yeNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo waqalisa, i-International Court of Justice, iBhunga lezoKhuseleko kunye Secretariat.

Ukusekwa lokugqibela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo iya kubanjwa ngo-1945, xa Nkomfa San Francisco watyikitywa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo Charter (26 Juni).