Azovskie intaba Peter 1 ngokufutshane

Ngaphambi kwe- xesha uPetros imbali Russian washiya eninzi imiba engekasonjululwa, kwaye omnye wabo - kubhaliwe landlocked, nzulu uyawuthintela uphuhliso karhulumente Russian. Moscow Russia wayesoloko umzabalazo kukrakra phezu ubunini isibhakabhaka esemazantsi. Uphuhliso naliphi na ilizwe kuxhomekeke ithuba lokungena kwinqonga kurhwebo lwehlabathi kunye nesakhono ukuze aqhube inkqubo enobuchule amazwe. Ukunqongophala ufikelelo ngqo elwandle, ndayihluthwa eRashiya amathuba enkulu.

Izizathu kuyiwe Azov

Imfuno engxamisekileyo ukukhula ngakumbi karhulumente Wavuka ekupheleni kwenkulungwane, yabalasela ulawulo wenguquko Petros 1, zibe ngumsebenzi ophambili ekuhlanganiseni umanyano lwangaphakathi lizwe, ukomelezwa ngamandla alo emkhosini nokwandisa elizweni jikelele. Khangela iindlela kwi kwezopolitiko ihlabathi yakhokelela akunakuphepheka yephulo esemazantsi, ekuthiwa iphulo Azov uPetros 1. Ngokufutshane chaza ezinye izizathu kwazo.

Ababhali-mbali bathi kangangeenkulungwane kuphangwa ye iCrimea AmaTatar zelizwe Russian phantse nezigidi ezintlanu zabantu saqhutywa ebukhobokeni. Imfuneko ukujongana ezingela okungenaluzsini amadoda nesinye isizathu sokuba ekuqaleni imingcelele esemazantsi. Ithathwe kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XVII Chigirinsky olude Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich kunye hambo iCrimea ka-Prince Golitsyn akazange kuzisa iziphumo ezifanelekileyo, eshiya lo mbuzo kwindawo eyomeleleyo kumazwe Sea Black ingasonjululwanga. Ngoko ke, umfana uPetros ayikwazanga ukugxila yonke ingqalelo yakho phezu ngemiba yokhuseleko umda kwaye ivula ukufikelela emazantsi olwandle amathuba okukhula amazwe.

Uqhambuko 1670s imfazwe kunye Turkey kunye eCrimea Russia uye wenza nje inxalenye ithi kakhulu - amalungu Christian Coalition. In the 1690s eRashiya sizana - Poland kunye Austria - ziye zagqiba isivumelwano kunye eTurkey kwiimeko zehlabathi ngaphandle ngokuphathelele izinto Russian - ngoko uthi imbali. UPetros ukubeka phambili iimfuno ukuba kumiswe ehlasela ithuba yokudada ezamahala zithuthi Russian kwi Azov kunye Black Seas. Bona umngeni baseTurkey kangangeminyaka eliqela. Uthethwano yayiqhubeka de 1694. Ke uPetros 1 wagqiba ukunyanzelisa imiqathango ngamandla izixhobo.

Eyona njongo iphambili ibe inqaba Azov, ibekwe emlonyeni Don kunye nokufikelela lokutshixa ukuya kuLwandle Black. Thabatha Wavuleka ufikelelo IsiRashiya ukuya elwandle, wenza kube lula ukuba ukwakha wenqanawa kunye nokusekwa inkampu sokulwa ngakumbi. imikhankaso Iminyaka Azov of Peter 1, yaba yomlambo kwimbali lizwe.

Izicwangciso kwiphulo lokuqala

Isibindi sakhe uphawu obutsha yobudala maximalism umlawuli oselula ekuqaleni 1695 wamemezela ngeenyawo kule eCrimea. Yaba Azov iphulo yokuqala uPetros 1. Ukwenzela ukuba disorient kwaye ukuphazamisa ingqwalasela evela izitha collection Azov wabhengezwa eMoscow, uzimisele uzithi esezantsi ye Dnieper phantsi B. P. Sheremeteva. Kwangaxeshanye, ngasese uMenzi mathathu Azov umkhosi, ebandakanya amaqela amathathu phezulu phantsi umyalelo iinjengele Lefort, uGordon, Golovin, akuba axhobe mortars ezingaphezu kwe-100 kunye arquebuses 40.

Lo mlawuli ngokwakhe ikuluhlu Army mitsi Petrom Alekseevym. Yitsho butho zange buzinze efanayo ezandleni. imiba ebalulekileyo kwakujongenwe nayo kwibhunga yaye yavunywa yi-Peter 1.

Eli phulo ku Azov

imikhankaso Azov of Peter 1 yaqala ngo-1695. Spring ezilishumi-sewaka le vanguard sisahlula Gordon kaThixo, ijolise Tambov, bamatsha Azov. Waya entlango Cherkassy, apho kwangenelela ne-Don Cossacks. Inqaba Azov, ibekwe phezu kodonga lasekhohlo Don, musa ukuba kude emlonyeni wayo, nto yayiyinqaba ebalaseleyo ezinqatyisiweyo kuvela macalana onke.

Ekupheleni kukaJuni, uGordon bafika njongo, bamisa kufuphi ezinqabeni. Kuba ukugaleleka imikhosi abaphambili Azov Kaysugi umlambo ngasentla wakha Mytishevuyu Marina. Ngelo xesha linye imikhosi eziphambili kufika phezu kwemilambo eMoscow, iVolga kunye Oka ukuya Tsaritsyn, ngoko isiwe ku Panshin nokulandela umva ecaleni Don ukuya Azov, leyo baphangalala ukususela ekuqaleni kuka July, kubekwe ezantsi inqaba, Wazolulela waya Kagalnik River. park, nasekuxinweni, izixhobo ziye agcinwe ngokwetutyana kwi Mytishevoy pier, nto leyo eye yaba uhlobo isiseko apho unikezelo sele liqalise imijukujelwa ukuya Army.

Le singqingiwe njalo ke iiyunithi kusengaphambili imikhosi Gordon kaThixo ekuqaleni kuJulayi kunye bombardment elinqatyisiweyo inqaba, ngenxa apho iindonga zayo ziye zonakaliswa kakubi. Kodwa njengomzi ongqingiweyo ezweni ndazigcina ukususela ekungeneni kokutya kunye neembumbulu elwandle. amajoni Russian yacolwa, izithuthi eyomeleleyo yaba, nokuthintela utshaba ababa, ukwenza nasekuxinweni akukhange neziphumo ebezifuneka. I Turks, exhaswa amahashe le iCrimea AmaTatar, ngubani walwa ngaphandle kweendonga kwinqaba iShushan, wenza nokuhlasela rhoqo.

Ngobusuku ngoJulayi 20, iindawo eziliqela-mkhosi uPetros ndafudukela kodonga lasekunene Don kunye engundoqo, wakha iinqaba kunye namajoni axhobe zokudubula, bakwazi ukuqhubeka bechuba isixeko evela entla. Njengokuba sisondele kwenqaba, imikhosi yaseRashiya baqalisa kuhlaselwa Agasti 5. Azov baphikelela. Nasekuxinweni yathatha ixesha elide, kwagqitywa ukuphinda ukuhlasela. Engena esixekweni ngenxa yokuwa encinane dubulo sam, amajoni uGordon batyunyuzwa amabutho Turkish. Uhlaselo bahlulekile, baseTurkey yanyanzela amajoni IsiRashiya ukuya kokurhoxa jikelele. imikhankaso Azov of Peter 1, ingakumbi, ngolokuqala kubo, yatyhila iimpazamo kunye iimpazamo umyalelo kunye nolawulo karhulumente zokungqinga edabini.

siyohluleka Ekhathazekile kunye nelahleko enkulu, uPetros wanikela isigqibo malunga ukupheliswa zokungqinga: Septemba 28 waqala izixhobo ibhetri, yaye ngo-Oktobha 2, bonke abantu baya eMoscow.

ungafuni Sheremetyeva

amanyathelo athathiweyo kwi Dnieper Sheremetyeva eziliqela lulungisa ubukrakra ukoyiswa kweli phulo Azov. Wayenazo iinqaba ezimbini, zonakaliswa baseTurkey bamshiya kwinqaba iShushan. Nangona Ukungaphumeleli kwicala eziyintloko umlo ngenkani umlawuli oselula ukucothise umkhosi kwimida Sheremetyev, ngegalelo lakhe amaphulo Azov of Peter 1 sele sasisikhulu.

Ukulungiselela iphulo elitsha

Eqonda ukubaluleka ekufezekiseni iinjongo nokuhlalutya oonobangela leempumelelo, Peter 1 waqala uqeqesho kuba uhambo ngasezantsi elandelayo. Wayeqonda ukuba isiseko yokusilela eli phulo yaba kukunqongophala kwizithuthi kwaye ukuziphatha ngempumelelo neemeko kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kukho intsebenziswano omnye phakathi imikhosi emhlabeni neenqanawa emkhosini, ukukwazi ukuvala iindlela elwandle Azov, ngaloo ndlela sibabandeza kuye ngokumpontshwa kunye uncedo lwangaphandle. UPeter Omkhulu, ubukumkani ezazizele iziganeko ezinkulu yaye wayalela ukuba uqhubeke kulwakhiwo baneenqanawa Kumbi kunye Voronezh, wayiqhubela ukwakhiwa.

Ngaxeshanye, kwasekwa kwithala entsha yomkhosi Azov, ngokuyinxenye ngakumbi Sheremeteva amandla amajoni babeka abemi iliso ubize Cossacks. Ukuze enze ngenxa yokungabikho kwabasebenzi zobunjineli wamajoni, uPetros wathetha kwiintloko ithi encedisayo, Poland kunye Austria.

Second uhambo langasezantsi

imikhankaso Azov of Peter 1 baqhubeka. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1696 umkhosi phantsi umyalelo Generalissimo A. S. Sheina, eyenziwa zezahlulo iinjengele Gordon, Golovin kunye Regemana abemi abangama-75 amawaka abantu zalungiselelwa iphulo Second Azov. Ngexesha lasebusika ukwakha ngezithuthi, wathabatha umyalelo we Lefort. Kwakugcwele iinqanawa-2, 23 imikhumbi kunye 4 umlilo-iinqanawa. Peter 1 emiselwe collection point umkhosi Voronezh, apho uninzi abantu kwacetywa ukuthumela ku Azov ngeenyawo, kwaye zokudubula kunye unxulumano eseleyo ukuthutha ngamanzi. Elihamba eyenziwe eMoscow ngo-8 Matshi kunye ekupheleni kwenyanga, kugxininiswa e Voronezh, uye waqalisa ukukhweliswa iinqanawa ekupheleni isenzayo intloko yomkhosi waya enqabeni yomkhosi.

NgoMeyi 19, ukuqhubela phambili iiyunithi sisahlula Gordon aphoswe kwi Novosergievskaya, kancinane entla Azov. Lo loliwe Iinqanawa eziphambili Russian ukulawula intshukumo ye zithuthi Turkish emi iindlela. Emva ukubambana eziliqela atsho Turks akazange nabuganga bakuthetha kunye amajoni ukubethelela umzi. imikhumbi yabo ukuba elwandle, ngaphandle kokwenza nantoni na ukugcina kwinqaba iShushan. Lenqaba akazange alindele ukuba baphinde-zokungqinga. Ukusebenzisa le ityeshelwe, izayo ukuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni imikhosi Russian bya le kweminquba, ahlala iindlela ezigcinwe ngokupheleleyo waza waqalisa kokufaka zokudubula.

Ekungqingweni le nqaba

zokungqinga yesibini Azova Petrom I ayenze lukhulu ngakumbi ngempumelelo. Nangona Tartars saa kulo emathafeni, hlale ehlasela nabangqingi, kodwa ikampu Azov, uyazimela ihlabathi ngaphandle, hayi bakhusela ekhuthele kakhulu. Atshele lizinikele Generalissimo Shein. Iinqanawa uPeter Omkhulu baba phezu kweendlela, waba elwandle, kwaye manqaphanqapha ndawonye elunxwemeni esweni ekuhambeni imisebenzi zomkhosi.

ezenzekayo

Ithuba leeveki ezimbini-bombardment enqaba elunge, eyaqala phakathi ku-Juni, akukhange iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo - kwenqaba neendonga abangafumananga umonakalo omkhulu. ngoko kwafunyanwa isisombululo engaqhelekanga kodwa esebenzayo: ukwakha ngaphezu ilizwe, oluthi, bahambe nayo udonga kunye, wayizalisa phezulu emhadini, ukuqalisa ukuhlasela. Yaba umsebenzi omkhulu. Yonke imihla, kuthatha amawaka 15 abantu: emigodini ababini zakhiwa ngexesha elinye, ukubonakala wawenzelwe ukubeka zokudubula. Ngubani weza umkhosi iingcali Austrian - iinjineli, sappers kunye zokudubula uyalela lo msebenzi, usebenzisa iindlela ezintsha zobunjineli umkhosi ixesha.

Azov Ukuthatha Peter 1 ngo-1696

Capture of Azov kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza: phakathi ku-Julayi, ediniwe evela zokungqinga elide, i Cossacks kunye Don Cossacks wenza yokuhlaselwa phezu kwinqaba iShushan, yaye ngoko nangoko wambamba inxalenye wongqameko, kwanyanzeleka baseTurkey baleka. Le mpumelelo iye yenza isigqibo kwanesiphumo sokugqibela imfazwe. Yaphela kanjalo amaphulo Azov kaPetros 1. ngokufutshane kunye ngamandla kwawona lokuhlaselwa eziliqela asiphumelelanga, uqhagamshelo Russian ukuba anikezele. Wangqingwa ke Turks zaqala ukuxoxa ngokwalo uzinikele kuye. Julayi 19 UPetros umkhosi wangena Azov.

Kunzima ukuba zazi ukubaluleka kwale uloyiso iRashiya kunye mncinane bokumkani, lowo waqalisa ukulawula bevuyelela ilizwe wazisa amaphulo Azov kaPetros 1. Uluhlu ukuthelekisa iziganeko zembali zombini amaphulo ibonisa indlela ngokukhawuleza * uKhesare ukuhlalutya nokuphonononga iimpazamo, ukuba lihle kakhulu ukuba ziyalungiswa.