Indlela ye-bacteriological yophando: izigaba, iinjongo, iimpawu

Ukufunda ibhaktheriya kubaluleke kakhulu kumntu. Kuza kubekho, kuye kwafunyanwa inani elikhulu leeprokaryothi, ezahlukileyo komnye nomnye kwi-pathogenicity, ukusabalalisa, ukuma, ubungakanani, inani leflagella kunye nezinye iiparitha. Ukufunda le ngxaki ngokubanzi, uphando lwe-bacteriological lusetyenziswa.

Ziziphi iindlela zokuhlalutya iiseli zebhakteria?

Ukuchonga ukuba iibhaktheriya ziyi-pathogenic, inkcubeko ivivinywa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwazo:

1. Indlela yeBacterioscopic.

2. Indlela yeBacteriological.

3. Indlela yezinto eziphilayo.

Iindlela ze- bacterioscopic kunye ne-bacteriological zophando zisekelwe ngokuthe ngqo ekusebenzeni kunye neeseli zeprokaryotic, xa kuhlaziywa uhlalutyo lwezinto eziphilayo ukuba zifunde umphumo wezisele ezinjalo eziphilayo ezilwanyana zezilwanyana. Ngokwezinga lokubonakaliswa kweempawu ezithile zesifo, isayensi inokugqiba ukuba kukho okanye ayinayo i-bacterium ye-pathogenic kwisampuli, kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo iphinda iwande emzimbeni wezilwanyana ukufumana inkcubeko kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinye izinto.

Indlela ye-bacteriological yophando ihluke kwi-bacterioscopic method. Ngowokuqala, i-prokaryotes yokuphila elungiselelwe ngokukhethekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya, xa umntu wesibini esebenza kunye neeseli eziphilayo okanye eziphilayo kwi-slide.

Amanyathelo endlela yokuphanda. Microbiology

Umgaqo wokufunda iimpawu zenkcubeko yebhaktriya ingaba luncedo kubini be-microbiologist, ababekele injongo yokuphanda iiseli zeprokaryotic, kunye nabancedisi bee-laboratory abanomsebenzi wabo wokuseka i-pathogenicity okanye ingekho-pathogenicity yebhakteria, aze ahlolisise isigulane.

Indlela yokufunda ibhaktheriya iyahlula zibe zigaba ezintathu:

1. Ukwahlukana kweebhaktheriya ukusuka kwisampuli yasekuqaleni.

2. Ukuhlwayelwa kweebhaktheriya nokuhlakulela inkcubeko ecocekileyo, ukufundisisa iimpahla zayo.

Ukuphonononga ngokubanzi iinkonzo zebhaktheriya.

Isigaba sokuqala

Isampuli, okanye i-smear, ithathwa kwi-free surface yomphakathi okanye isiguli. Ngaloo ndlela, sithola "i-cocktail" kwiintlobo zeentlobo zeebhaktheriya ezimele zihlwayelwe kumgangatho wesondlo. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka ukuba kuchaneke ngokukhawuleza ibhaktheriya efunekayo, eyazi ukuba i-foci yayo isasazwa emzimbeni.

Emva kweentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwethathu, iikoloni ezifunekayo zikhethiweyo kwaye zifakwe kwiimithombo eziqinileyo zeetetri zikaPetri ngoncedo lwentsimbi eyinyumba. Ama-laboratories amaninzi asebenza kunye nama-tubes okuvanya, apho umthombo oqinileyo okanye onomsoco onokutya unokuba khona . Njalo indlela ye-bacteriological yophando kwi-microbiology.

Isigaba sesibini

Emva kokufumana ikoloni nganye yamabhaktheriya, i-macro ecacileyo kunye ne-microanalysis yenziwa. Zonke iiparitha zamakoloni zilinganiswa, umbala kunye nomlo ngamnye wabo uzimisele. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa ngokubala ama-coloni kwisitya se-petri, kwaye ngoko kwimiba yokuqala. Oku kubalulekile ekuhlalutheni amabhaktheriya e-pathogenic, kwinani apho isantya sesifo sithembele.

Inkqubo yokuphanda i-bacteriological, isigaba sesibini sokufunda iikholeji nganye ze-microorganisms, inokuthi idibaniswe ne-biological method for the analysis of bacteria. Olunye umgomo womsebenzi kweli nqanaba kukunyusa inani lemithombo yendalo. Ingenziwa kwimiqathango yesondlo, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuqhuba uvavanyo kwi vivo kwizinto eziphilayo zokuhlola. Iibhaktheriya ze-Pathogenic ziya kwanda, kwaye ngenxa yoko, igazi liya kuba nezigidi zeeseli zeprokaryotic. Ukusuka egazini kulula ukulungiselela izinto eziyimfuneko zebhaktheriya.

Isigaba sesithathu

Inxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yocwaningo kukuzimisela kweempawu ze-morphological, i-biochemical, i-toxigenic kunye ne-antigenic ye-bhakterial culture. Umsebenzi uqhutyelwa ngezityalo zangaphambili "ezihlanjululwe" kumgangatho wezondlo, kunye nokulungiselela (ngokuqhelekileyo kumbala) phantsi kwe-microscope.

Ukuchonga ukuba yeyiphi i-bacterium ye-pathogenic okanye imeko ye-pathogenic kwiqela elithile elichanekileyo, kwaye ukucacisa ukuchasana nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, indlela yokwenza uphando lwe-bacteriological inokwenzeka. Isigaba sesi-3 - ama-antibiotiki, okokuhlalutya kokuziphatha kweeseli ezinobungozi kwiimeko zonyango kwiimvelo.

Ukufunda ngokuchasene nenkcubeko kwi-antibiotiki kukubaluleke kakhulu xa kubalulekile ukunika isigulane esithile esibalulekileyo, kwaye ngokubaluleke kakhulu, iziyobisi ezisetyenziswayo. Apha kunye neendlela ze-bacteriological zophando zinganceda.

Yintoni umgangatho wesondlo?

Ukuphuhliswa nokuveliswa, iibhaktheriya kufuneka zibekwe kumajelo asetyenzisiweyo esilungisiweyo. Ngokuzivumelanisa, zinokuba zimanzi okanye zizinzile, kwaye zivela kwimifuno okanye kwizilwanyana.

Iimfuno eziphambili zeendaba eziphathekayo:

1. Ubungqina.

2. Ubume obukhulu.

3. Iimpawu eziphambili ze-asidi, uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic, umsebenzi wamanzi kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo.

Ukulungiselela ama-colonies ahlukeneyo

1. Indlela ye-Drigalsky. Kuqulethwe ukusebenzisa i-smear ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-microorganism kwi-loop ye-bacteria. Lo luhlu luqhutyelwa kwisitya sokuqala sePetri kunye nomgangatho wesondlo. Ukuqhubela phambili, ngaphandle kokutshintsha i-loop, indlela yokwabiwa kwezinto eziphathekayo zenziwa kwinqwelo yesibini neyesithathu ePetri. Ngoko, kwiimodeli zokugqibela zekholoni, iibhaktheriya aziyi kuhluma kwakhona, ngokwenza kube lula ukufumana iibhaktheriya eziyimfuneko emsebenzini.

2. Indlela yeKoch. Isebenzisa iibhubhu ezinezixhobo ezidityanisiweyo. Kukho, i-loop okanye i-pipette ene-smear ye-bhakteria ifakwe, emva koko okubhalwe kwi-tube ithululwa kwisitya esikhethekileyo. I-Agar (okanye i-gelatin) ikhupha emva kwexesha, kwaye ngokubunzima kwayo kulula ukufumana iikholeji ezifunekayo zeeseli. Kubalulekile ngaphambi kokuba uhlaziye umxube weebhaktheriya kwiibhubhu zokuvavanya, ukwenzela ukuba i-microorganism ayinkulu kakhulu.

Inkqubo yokuphanda i-bacteriological, iinqanaba zazo ezisekelwe kwinqanaba le-bacterial ye-isolation, ayenzi ngaphandle kwezi ndlela ezimbini zokufumana iikoloni ezikude.

Antibioticogram

Ukubonakala ngokusabela kwebhaktheriya kwiziyobisi kunokubonwa ngeendlela ezimbini:

1. Indlela yamaphepha ephepha.

2. Ukuzaliswa kweebhaktheriya kunye ne-antibiotics kwindawo ephakathi.

Indlela yeediski zamaphepha zifuna ubukho beenkcubeko ezincinci ezikhulile kwi-medium medium nutrient. Kulolu hlobo, amaphepha amaninzi ajikeleze imibala, afakwe kwii-antibiotics. Ukuba isichengululo siphumelela ngempumelelo kwi- cell cells, emva kokuba unyango olunjalo luhlala kwindawo engenakho iikholoni. Ukuba iimpendulo kwi-antibiotic ayimbi, ibhaktheriya iya kuphila.

Kwimeko yokusebenzisa umgangatho wezondlo omanzi, izibhabhane eziliqela kunye nenkcubeko yeebhaktheriya zee-degrees ezahlukeneyo zokuhlaziya zilungiselela kuqala. Ii-antibiotics zongezwa kule miba, kwaye ngelixa bajonga inkqubo yokusebenzisana kwezilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci. Ekugqibeleni, i-antibioticogram efanelekileyo ifumaneka, apho umntu angayigweba khona ukusebenza kwechiza kwenkcubeko enikwe.

Imisebenzi ephambili yohlalutyo

Iinjongo kunye nezigaba zendlela yophando lwe-bacteriological zibhalwe apha.

1. Fumana iincwadi eziza kusetyenziswa ukuhlukanisa iikhoktheriya zamagciwane. Ingaba ngumsila ovela phezulu kwinto nayiphi na into, umlenze womlenze okanye isigxina somzimba womntu, ukuhlolwa kwegazi.

2. Ukuphuhliswa kweenkcubeko kwi-medium medium nutrient. Emva kweeyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwii-4 kwisitya se-petri, unokufumana ii-colonies zeebhaktheriya zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Sakhetha iimpawu ezifunekayo ze-morphological and / okanye i-biochemical kunye nokuqhubeka nokusebenza kunye nayo.

3. Ukuzaliswa kwenkcubeko efunyenweyo. Indlela yokucwaninga nge-bacteriological inokusekelwe kwindlela yokwenza umatshini okanye i-biological yokwandisa inani lamacandelo ebhaktheriya. Kwimeko yokuqala, umsebenzi uqhutyelwa ngeendaba ezizinzileyo okanye ezinomsoco wezondlo apho iibhaktheriya zanda kwi-thermostat kwaye zenza iikholoni ezintsha. Indlela yezinto eziphilayo ifuna iimeko zendalo ukwenyuka kwinani leebhaktheriya, ngoko ke isilwanyana esivivinyayo sisulelekile kwii microorganisms apha. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva koko, ezininzi iiprokaryota zifumaneka kwiisampuli zegazi okanye i-smear.

4. Sebenza kunye nenkcubeko ehlambulukileyo. Ukumisela indawo echanekileyo yebhaktheriya, kunye neyabantwana babo, kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lweseli ngokwempawu ze-morphological and biochemical. Xa kuphanda amaqela e-pathogenic of microorganms, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba isenzo se-antibiotics sisiphumelele kangakanani.

Oku kwakuphawu oluqhelekileyo lwenkqubo yepilitiological yophando.

Iimpawu zohlalutyo

Umgaqo oyintloko wokuqhuba uphando lwe-bacteriologist uphezulu. Ukuba umsebenzi uqhubeka kunye neethubhu zokuvavanya, izityalo kunye neebhaktheriya maziphendulwe kuphela ngumoya ovuthayo.

Zonke izigaba zendlela yokuphanda i-bacteriological zifuna ukusetyenziswa kwekhefu elikhethekileyo okanye iPasteur pipette. Zombane zixhobo kufuneka zifakwe kwintlambo yesibane somoya. Ngokubhekiselele kwimpipette yePasteur, ngoko phambi kokutyalwa komthamo we-thermally kuyimfuneko ukuphula i-tip ye-pipette ngamanzi.

Inkqubo yokuhlwayela ibhaktheriya nayo ineempawu zayo. Okokuqala, xa uhlwayela kumajelo asemgangathweni, yenza i-loop ye-bacteria phezu kwe-agar. Ingqungquthela, ngokuqinisekileyo, kufuneka isele isampuli yama-microorganms phezu komhlaba. Kwakhona kwenzelwa ukuhlwayela ngaphakathi kwenkcubeko, kwimeko apho i-loop okanye ipipette kufuneka ifinyelele ngaphantsi kwesitya sePetri.

Xa sisebenzisana namajelo amachiza, iishubhu zisetyenzisiwe. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-liquids ayikuthinteli kwimida yeebhanatri okanye i-coork, kwaye izixhobo (ipipette, loop) ezisetyenzisiweyo azichaphazeli izinto zangaphandle kunye neendawo.

Ukubaluleka kwendlela yophando lwezinto eziphilayo

Ukuhlalutya kwesampuli yebhaktheriya kunesicelo esisebenzayo. Okokuqala, indlela ye-bacteriological yophando ingasetyenziswa kwiyeza. Ngokomzekelo, kuyimfuneko ukufundisisa i-microflora yesigulane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokusebenza kwindlela efanelekileyo yokonyango. Nanku i-antibioticogram inceda, okuza kubonisa umsebenzi wezilwanyana ezinxamnye ne-agent agent.

Ukuhlalutya kweebhaktheriya kusetyenziswa kwibhubhoratri ukufumana izifo ezinobungozi njengesifo sofuba, i-typhoid ephindaphindiweyo okanye i-gonorrhea. Kwakhona kusetyenziswa ukufundisisa ukubunjwa kwebhakteria kweetoni, izibonda zezitho.

Inkqubo yokuphanda i-bacteriological ingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga ukungcola kwendalo. Ngokutsho kobuninzi obunokubaluleka kunye nolungqinisiso lwe-smear ebusweni bento, iqondo lobuninzi bendawo elinikeziweyo lugqitywe ngama-microorganms.