Indlela yokwenza uhlalutyo amagama kumafa

Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa ukwakhiwa kwamagama (okanye morphemic - elithi "morpheme" ebonisa ubuncinane icandelo elibalulekileyo igama) - uhlobo uhlalutyo kweelwimi. injongo yawo - ukuba amisele ukwakhiwa noshowo ithokheni. Oko kukuthi, ukuba wenze uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo ukwakhiwa kwamagama, kufuneka ufumane uze ukhethe onke amacandelo apho bakha uhlobo oluthile igama. Olo analysis (ukuba mazingabhidaniswa morphological, apho ilizwi kuqwalaselwa ngokwemiqathango yobulungu kwindawo ethile sentetho) kunye kuthiwa morphemic.

Imposiso amagama ekwakhiweni kufuneka uqale ekusekeni imida morpheme nganye, oko kuyimfuneko ukuze kube nokugqitywa ngokuchanekileyo isimaphambili, ingcambu, isimamva, isisekelo nesiphelo. Kodwa ke kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba zonke ilizwi kufuneka luqulathe zonke morpheme ezikhoyo: umzekelo, "isikolo" sivela ingcambu (-shkol-), isimamva (-n-) kunye nesiphelo (-s). Kodwa, yona, (kwaye akuqhelekanga ukuba zale mihla Russian), kukho amagama eziquka iingcambu eziliqela, izimaphambili okanye izimamva. Ngaloo ndlela, "umkhumbi" eneengcambu ezimbini (-par- kwaye -hod-) isimamva (-n-) kunye nesiphelo (-s). A "Yokuphulaphula" nto ndiyibhalayo ingcambu (-slush-) kunye nezimamva ezimbini (-a- kwaye -tel-), kodwa akukho isimaphambili nesiphelo eli gama liya kuba zero (ngokusemthethweni ezivakaliswa ngokubhalela).

Ngoko ke, ukuba enze uhlahlelo lokwenyaniso ukwakhiwa kwamagama, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhumbula ingcaciso iiyunithi ubuncinane ezingundoqo lebyi zolwimi. morpheme Ekhaya othatha intsingiselo lungelelanisa (oko kukuthi siveza intsingiselo) kwaye kuyinxalenye eqhelekileyo elilodwa-iingcambu - ingcambu.

Ngokomzekelo, njengoko komdyarho elilandelayo "amanzi" ezinxulumene, "anzongonzongo", "ngwenya", "Vodicka" - iya kuba -water. Amagama ngaphandle iingcambu ngolwimi Russian ayikho. Kwaye apha ubunjwe kuphela kuyo - eninzi 'ebaleka "," cinema "," kunene "," ihashe "," ekhaya ".

Morpheme leyo ethatha indawo yayo ilizwi phambi ingcambu, ebizwa isimaphambili emi emva kwakhe - isimamva. Kucacile ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba beze ngumqondiso, eya kuqulatha kuphela isimaphambili okanye isimamva kuphela.

Kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela inkqubo yovandlakanyo morphemes ngokwenza uhlalutyo morphemic of amagama kumafa. Ingcambu, isimaphambili isimamva izazinzulu-ngeelwimi zithetha morphemes derivational. Oko kukuthi, ezifana apho amagama amatsha ngolwimi lwemifanekiso. Ngaphezu koko derivational, ukulungisa ekwanti. Zikhona ukuze kwenziwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi umqondiso omnye, nangenxa ibinzana intsingiselo yentetho. Ngokuba lo hlobo morphemes Sikhethe kunye nezimamva.

End - .. Ingaba uhlobo morpheme, owenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo lizwi linye, kwakunye nokuba sisalathisi kwisini lwegrama, inombolo, kunjalo, ixesha, njl Ungakhetha kuphela ukusuka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zentetho.

Noko ke, simele babantwana mabawuqonde umahluko phakathi kwamagama ezingenawo iziphelo, kunye null-ziyakupheliswa. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, oko akuthethi ukuba iifom ilizwi musa ukutshintsha - ebelidlula izibaluli, isandiso, indeclinable izibizo, izichazi, emi ngomlinganiselo lokuthelekisa. A zero isiphelo - oko ngokusesikweni ekhethiweyo Isalathisi igama bume intsingiselo yentetho. Imizekelo zokubumba -l- izimamva zingasetyenziswa ukwenza ixesha elidlulileyo izenzi (yiya-Th + isimamva -n) -e-, apho akhiwa yokuthelekisa izichazi nezihlomelo (elikhulu - ngakumbi).

Ekugqibeleni, lo gama isiseko - onke amacandelo zayo ngaphandle ekupheleni. Ukuya ngaphaya kwikharityhulam yesikolo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukumisela isiseko njengoko kuphela ngaphandle isiphelo kodwa ngaphandle Isimamva formative yinxalenye wemiqondiso.

Kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela inkqubo ukugqiba morphemes, besenza uhlalutyo amagama kumafa. Imizekelo analysis morphemic:

"Forest"

1. Isiphelo - "th"
2. Base - i "ehlathini"
3. Root - "ehlathini"
4. Isimamva - i "n"

"Abasebenzi"

1. Isiphelo - 'ne'
2. Isiseko - "umsebenzi"
3. Root - "labour"
4. Console - 'ne'
5. Isimamva - "mnyama"

Ngenxa yoko, UPawulos iziphumo kwi "amagama parsing kulwakhiwo", kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba kuphela ngokulandela ngendlela ethile: ufumane isiphelo (ukuba ikhona), ukuze achaze isiseko, ukuseka apho ingcambu (by Ukukhetha amagama olunye-ingcambu), khetha isimamva, isimaphambili (ukuba ikhona), unako ukuthintela iimpazamo.