Inkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho: izigaba zenkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho. I-Concept kunye namanqanaba omatyala olwaphulo-mthetho

Ukuphunyezwa kwemisebenzi yumbutho ogunyazisiweyo, olawulwa yiNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho, yinkqubo yezobugebengu. Amanyathelo enkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho anxulumene nezigaba ezizimeleyo. Zibonakaliswe yimisebenzi ethile kunye nezigqibo ezibangelwa zona, kunye namalungu kunye nabantu abathintekayo kwimeko, umyalelo, uhlobo lwenkqubo yokusebenza kunye nobume bobudlelwane. Inkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho ikuvumela ukuba uchonge iziganeko zolwaphulo-mthetho, ukuchonga abenzi bobugebengu babo. Kwakhona, amanyathelo afanelekileyo athatyathwa ukuba ajezise abaphangi.

Izimpawu zamagatya

Iinjongo kunye namanqanaba omgaqo-nkqubo wezobugebengu aneempawu ezithile.

1. Imida yemida evela kwimisebenzi ngokubanzi kwimicimbi yezobugebengu.
2. Uluhlu oluthile lwamabhunga kunye nabantu abachaphazelekayo kwiinkqubo.
3. Ifom yeenkqubo okanye umyalelo wemisebenzi, enqunywe ngumxholo wemisebenzi esheshayo kwinqanaba elithile. Eyona nto ibonakaliswe yimpawu zobonakaliso kuyo kwimigaqo-nkqubo yenkqubo.
4. Ubume obukhethekileyo bezobudlelwane obuvela ngexesha lophando phakathi kwezinto zenkqubo kwimeko.
5. Isigqibo sokugqibela okanye isenzo senkqubo. Ziyimijikelezo yokugqibela yobudlelwane kunye nezenzo zenkqubo, emva koko le nkundla ingagqitywanga okanye imisiwe. Iqhutyelwa kwisinyathelo esilandelayo.

Amanyathelo enkqubo yobulungisa: ingcamango, inkqubo

Ukudibanisana nomnye ngemigaqo yeenkqubo zomthetho kunye nemisebenzi yoluhlu, izigaba zenza inkqubo yeenkqubo zobugebengu. Iqulethwe ngamagangatho, ahlukeneyo amacandelo. Amanqanaba atshintshana aze atshintshane ngokulandelana ngokucacileyo. Ukwenza inkqubo edibeneyo, izigaba ezicatshungulwayo zixhomekeke kwaye zidibeneyo.

Cinga ngeendidi zamanqanaba kwenkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho.

1. Ibakala apho icala liqaliswe khona.
2. Icandelo lophando lokuqala kunye nophando.
3. Isigaba semveliso kwisigqeba somthetho wokuqala.
4. Isigaba sokuqhawulwa kwamatyala kunye neenkqubo zokufaka izicelo.
5. Isigaba esiphezulu sokusebenza kwesigwebo senkundla.

Inkqubo kunye namanqanaba omgaqo-nkqubo wezobugebengu ziquka iinkqubo ezizodwa. Zizibonakalisa izinto ezininzi:

1. Inkqubo ekhethekileyo yenkundla ukugqiba isigqibo sokuba ngaba ummi uyavumelana neentlawulo ezenzelwe kuye.
2. Izixhobo zemveliso yinkantolo yehlabathi.
3. Imiba ekhethekileyo yemveliso ngokubhekiselele kwiindidi ezithile zabantu.
4. Iimpawu zenkqubo yokugweba kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwabagwebi.
5. Imiba ekhethekileyo yenkqubo yezobugebengu kwimeko yabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka yobudala.
6. Iimpawu zenkqubo kwiimeko zokusebenzisa amanyathelo kummi woluntu lwezonyango.

Iimpawu ezicacileyo (amanyathelo olwaphulo-mthetho)

Amanyathelo kwiinkqubo zobugebengu anesici esithile. Esi sisigqibo sokugqibela senkqubo. Esi sigqibo samkelwe yinkantolo. Isigqibo sokugqibela ngala maxwebhu alandelayo.

1. Isigwebo senkundla (isityholo okanye ukukhululwa).
2. Isigqibo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo athatyathwa ngonyango, ngokunyanzeliswa.
3. Isigqibo sokupheliswa kwecala lolwaphulo-mthetho, lwenziwa ngokulandelelana kwesigwebo.

Isigaba sokuqala

Ukuqaliswa kweso sihlandlo sokuqala. Iqala inkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho. Amanyathelo enkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho, ephuma kumnye, akakwazi ukuveliswa ngokugqitha kweli nqanaba. Ngomzuzu ophantsi kokuqwalaselwa, amabhunga karhulumente agunyazisiweyo kunye namagosa afanelekileyo enze isigqibo. Yisiseko sokuqala kwenkqubo kwimeko yesicelo, isikhalazo okanye ukubonakala ngokuvuma. Kwinqanaba lokukhushulwa, ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwezizathu kunye nezizathu zokuqhubeka.

Isigaba esicatshangelwayo sigqiba kunye nokwenza isigqibo. Libhekiselele ekuqaleni kwecala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Okanye sithetha ngokukhanyela esi senzo. Ukuba isigqibo senziwe ukuba siqalise, isigqibo esifanelekileyo sisiseko senguqu ekuqhubekeni kwamanyathelo okuqhubeka kweenkqubo zobugebengu.

Uphando lo kuqala

Emva kwesigaba sokuqala, isigaba sokuphanda kwangaphambili senzeke. Yenziwa ngumzimba wophando okanye isebe lophando. Kule nqanaba, ubungqina bokuba lolu hlobo luqokelelwe kwaye luhlolwe ukuba lubekho ukungabikho okanye ubukho bentyala, abenzi bobubi bekhomishini. Kwakhona kweli nqanaba, ubukhulu kunye nemvelo yomonakalo obangelwa kukuthunyelwa kwesenzo sobugebengu kunye nezinye iimeko ezinokubaluleka kwimeko. Isigaba sesibini yinqanaba leenkqubo zokuqala kwetyala, ngoko ke izigqibo ezithatyathweyo kunye neemeko zikwimeko yokuqala. Ziyaboniswa kwityholo. Izigqibo ezicatshulwayo yinguqulelo yecala elilethwe liqela. Kwaye sele inkundla inokuphanda. Oku kuya kuba yinqanaba lesithathu lomgwebo, eliqhubekayo nenkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho. Amanyathelo enkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho, elandelwayo ngaphambili, kwinqanaba lokuphanda kwangaphambili. Awuqhubi kwimveliso okanye ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho, oko kukuthi, bayayeka, ngaphandle kokuya kwisigaba esilandelayo. Ngaphandle kweziganeko zamangalelwa ngasese. Abadingi uphando lokuqala.

Inkqubo enkundleni

Isigaba senkundla sinoxanduva lokuveliswa kwimeko yokuqala. Kubizwa ngokuba ngowesithathu. Kwakhona uxanduva lweentlanganiso enkundleni ephakamileyo. Eli qumrhu liqinisekisa ubungqina, ubulungisa kunye nokuchaneka kwesigqibo esenziwe yinkantolo yokuqala. Eli nqanaba linamanqanaba athile. Owokuqala uxanduva lwamagunya ejaji phambi kweenkqubo kunye nezenzo zokulungiselela phambi kwentlanganiso. Kwinqanaba eliqwalaselweyo, ijaji inelungelo lokuthatha esinye sezigqibo.

1. Ukuqeshwa kwiseshoni yenkundla.
2. Buyisela le ngxelo ngenjongo yokuvelisa uphando olongezelelweyo.
3. Ukumisa umveliso.
4. Yeka ishishini.
5. Ukuthumela ityala kummandla.

Ukuba inkundla ithatha isigqibo malunga nokuqwalaselwa kwimeko kwiseshoni yenkundla, ngoko le meko ikhetha imibuzo ephathelele ukulungiselela ukuqwalaselwa kwezixhobo. Kule nqanaba kwinkqubo, umbuzo wecala lommangalelwa awuyikusombulula. Ijaji ifumana izizathu zokuqhubela phambili ingqalelo kwimeko. Ukuba izizathu ezinjalo zikhoyo kwizinto ezithunyelweyo, kufuneka kwenziwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo. Zijoliswe ekulungiseleleni ityala lokulinga.

Isigaba sesibini semveliso yinkqubo. Kwinqanaba langoku, ityala lihlolwa ngokufanelekileyo. Isombulula umbuzo ovumela ukuba uqonde ukuba ummangalelwa unetyala okanye cha. Isigqibo senziwe kwakhona kwisicelo senkundla yesigwebo sokumangalelwa kummangalelwa.

Ulingo enkundleni luphela ngokumangalelwa okanye ukugwetywa, kunye nezinye izigqibo ezinokwenziwa. Ngokomzekelo, isigqibo esinjalo sinokuba isigqibo sokuthumela ityala ukuba kuphandwe uphando, ekupheleni kwayo, njl njl.

Isiteji sokuqhawulwa kunye neenkqubo zokufaka izicelo

Inkqubo ekwenzeni i-cassation, njengokwinkundla ephezulu yamagosa, isigaba esahlukileyo. Le yinye inqanaba elenza inkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho. Amanqanaba omatyala olwaphulo-mthetho kwi-cassation umzekelo aqala ngokuqaliswa kwetyala ngokubhekiselele kwisibheno sokuqhawulwa kwezibheno, kunye nemibhikisho eyenziwa ngabantu abafanelekileyo. Ibhunga lezomthetho le sibini lihlola ukufaneleka nokusemthethweni kwesi sigqibo. Isigwebo sinqunywe. Isigqibo senkundla yokuqala inokuxoxwa ngaso. Ukulandela ukuhlolwa kwecala, umzekelo wesibini uthatha okukhethwa kukho okulandelayo.

1. Xa ushiya isigqibo esitshintshiyo.
2. Ukukhansela isigqibo.
3. Utshintsha isigqibo esenziwe kwinkundla yokuqala.

Ukumelwa kwesicelo kunye nesibheno-isigaba senkqubo yezobheno zesibheno, kungasetyenziswanga kwisigqibo senkundla senkundla, esabhengezwa kwimeko yokuqala. Inkundla iphinda ihlolisise amacala ngaphakathi kwemida yeengxoxo ezichazwe kwisibheno.

Ukusetyenziswa kwesigwebo senkundla

Ukuphunyezwa kwesigwebo - isigaba senkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho, esinoxanduva lokuphunyezwa kwamagunya enkundla yenkundla. Ngokomzekelo, sithetha ngoba ngubani ozisebenzisayo kunye noko kufuneka kwenziwe. Eli nqanaba lwenzeka emva kokuphela kwexesha elibekiweyo kwisibheno kwinkundla yesibini. Kuqala ukusebenza emva kokuqwalaselwa kwimeko enkundleni yokuqhawula .

Isigaba esicacileyo

Cinga le ngcamango. Isigaba esisodwa senkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho ngumveliso kwimeko yesigqeba, esicatshangelwa kwisigaba esilandelayo. Kule nqanaba, kuqhutyelwa iinkqubo, ezenziwa ngesiseko sesikhalazo esithunyelweyo okanye kwisibheno ngenjongo yokuphelisa impazamo yesigwebo esenziwe kwi-examination yangaphambili kwimeko. Kwiinkqubo zecandelo lolawulo lokulawula, ukusemthethweni, ubulungisa kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwesigqibo senkundla esele sagqitywa sihlolwe.

Elinye iqela eliyingqayizivele ukuqala kwakhona kweenkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho kwimeko malunga nokucacisa izinto ezintsha okanye ezandul 'ukufumanisa.

Ngoko, eli nqaku lihlolisise inkqubo kunye namanqanaba enkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho.