Intlala inyama: umsebenzi kunye zesakhiwo iimpawu

Kuyinto ezisitheleyo nkqu mbaleki ikwimo entle emzimbeni kwaye besebancinane kakhulu, badla bayeke uqeqesho ngenxa yokulimala. Inxalenye enkulu iingxaki zabo - lungu. Inxalenye olubuthathaka kakhulu kubo - intlala. Umsebenzi amalunga ezonakeleyo, kuvela, unako kubuyiselwa, ukuba ixesha lokuba uhlawule ingqalelo kwingxaki kwaye ukudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo unyango kunye nokuvuselelwa ngokutsha eziseleni.

Izitho emzimbeni womntu

Umzimba womntu - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo irubhrikhi ekwaziyo ukuzeyisa. Le iquka isakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nemisebenzi eziseleni. Ukuba zenzeke nethe Uhlobo Lokuqala. Kunye nemibutho engekho phantsi zeselula, ukuba simanyene esiqwini: epithelial, izihlunu, luvo, nokuqina.

iiseli Epithelial zenza isiseko esikhumbeni. Bona thayile nemingxuma yangaphakathi (esiswini, thoracic, iphecana eliphezulu nokuphefumla, iphecana emathunjini). Izihlunu zomzimba ivumela umntu ukuhamba. Kwakhona ihamba okusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi kuwo onke amalungu kunye neenkqubo. Musculature nohlulwe ngeentlobo: ezigudileyo (imizimba eludongeni esiswini kunye nemithambo), intliziyo, skeletal (striated). inyama luvo edlulisela eyenza yobuchopho. Ezinye iiseli bayakwazi ukukhula ngokutsha, ezinye zazo ziyakwazi ukuba ukuntshula.

kwizicwili esikuyo yangaphakathi zomzimba. Oku kwahlukile kubume, isakhiwo neempawu. Liphethe amathambo ngokungqongqo amathambo, namanqatha ongama, ulwelo, igazi kunye nkovu. Ukuze kube liyasebenza intlala. umsebenzi wayo - yakheka, ukuphelwa lixabiso, ulondolozo kunye nenkxaso. Bonke Zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwaye eziyimfuneko kwinkqubo ye umzimba.

Intlala inyama: isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza

osemqoka kwayo - i looseness kwilungiselelo iiseli. Ukunyanga kubo ngabanye, ungabona ukuba bahlukane njani ngokucacileyo enye kwenye. Inyanda phakathi kwabo kumi into intercellular - matrix. Kwaye kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo cartilages ukuba luqokelelane ngaphezu kwento amorphous imicu ezahlukeneyo inqununu (elastic collagen). Nangona izinto naye imvelaphi oqhelekileyo kwiproteni, kodwa zahluke iimpawu zabo kwaye kuxhomekeke ukuba enze imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.

Onke amathambo umzimba ukusekwa intlala. Kodwa ukwandisa ziikristale zabo izinto intercellular iityuwa kuzaliswa (ubukhulu becala calcium). Ngenxa yoko ezifunyenwe amandla amathambo kwaye babe yinxalenye amathambo. Intlala kwakhona enze imisebenzi yenkxaso. Xa yomqolo, ukuba ngokwezigaba, bebona umthwalo rhoqo (ezimile kunye neguquguqukayo). Iindlebe, impumlo, uqhoqhoqho, bronchi - ngezo iindawo laphu lidlala indima ecacisela ngakumbi.

Growth and nesondlo intlala yenziwa ngokusebenzisa perichondrium. Uyinxalenye mandatory yemeko, ngaphandle amalungu. Zikhona phakathi iindawo ngokuhlikihla, fluid synovia. Ugeza, lubricates kwaye uyasondla kubo, isusa iimveliso yokucolwa.

isakhiwo

Iiseli intlala encinane ekwaziyo candelo, Nentabalala isithuba ngeenxa zonke kubo, ezele ineempawu ezahlukeneyo ukwimo protini. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu ezinjalo iinkqubo ngokutsha rhoqo ngco ngakumbi matrix.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini zeeseli zeethishu: hodnrotsity (abaqolileyo) kunye chondroblasts (abatsha). Ahluke ngobukhulu, indawo kunye nendlela lungiselelo. Chondrocytes babe imilo ajikelezayo, kwaye makhulu. Zicwangciswe ngababini okanye amaqela iiseli ukuya ku-10. Chondroblasts kwaye ezincinane ngokuqhelekileyo kwi esikule kwi kwimida okanye zibangele.

Xa kukho icytoplasm iiseli phantsi iqokobhe oqokelela amanzi, kukho inclusions of glycogen. Mpilo kunye nezondlo ukungena iiseli diffusely. Kukho kuza Yindibanisela collagen kunye elastin. Iyimfuneko ukuze kwakhiwe kweziyobisi intercellular. Ukususela Okukodwa yayo ixhomekeke apho uhlobo oko intlala. Iimpawu ngesakhiwo laryngeal umsebenzi ezahlukileyo disc intervertebral, kuquka okuqulethwe collagen. Le iindlebe, kwi intlala impumlo matrix extracellular ubunjwe ka-30% of elastin.

iintlobo

Njengoko intlala lichazwa? umsebenzi yayo ixhomekeke phezu kwayo kwi matrix Imisonto ezithile. Ukuba into intercellular ngaphezu elastin, lo intlala into abhetyebhetye ngakumbi. Kuba phantse namandla, kodwa iinyanda imicu kulo thinner. Bona ukumelana kakuhle umthwalo hayi kuphela ucinezelo kodwa ngenxa kwempixano, ekwaziyo deformation ngaphandle neziphumo ezibalulekileyo. Ezi cartilages kuthiwa elastic. ifomu lolwabo umqala wabo, iindlebe, impumlo.

Ukuba matrix ngeenxa zonke iiseli ezinomthamo eliphezulu collagen isakhiwo esimbaxa kusakhiwa xo polypeptide, benjenjalo ukumemeza hyaline intlala. Udla iquka iindawo angaphakathi omzimba. Isixa omkhulu collagen buzinze lwandle le. Udlala indima isidumbu. Ezithungwini ifayibha kuwo ngokokwakheka bafana-ntathu efunekayo imilo network zikhula.

Kukho elinye iqela: ezinezikhondo, okanye intlala ezinezikhondo. Ba hyaline kwaye ziqulathe isixa esikhulu ubuncwane intercellular of collagen, kodwa isakhiwo okhethekileyo. Iziqhuma zabo kwimicu abanayo kuthungelwano oluxandileyo kwaye ibekwe ecaleni ezimanyeneyo imithwalo emikhulu. Ba ziyatyeba, abe amandla ethile compressive, amahlwempu xa uhlobo ebuyiselweyo. Ukususela kule Ilaphu kwakhiwa IiCD intervertebral, beka imicu ehlanganyelwayo amathambo.

imisebenzi

Ngenxa iimpawu ezikhethekileyo biomechanical of intlala inyama ezilungele besibopha amacandelo enkqubo musculoskeletal. Oku uyakwazi ukuthatha isiphumo eqine kunye nemikhosi ucinezelo ngexesha intshukumo, ngokufanayo emi- umthwalo ukusa kumkhamo othile ukubamba okanye uthothe.

ifomu intlala lingonakali kumphezulu enganyangekiyo. Ngokubambisana lwamalunga amalungu fluid ezifana axhotyiselwe umthwalo ixesha elide kunokuba wenze ngokufanelekileyo imisebenzi yayo.

Imisipha - kungathethwanga intlala. Kwakhona umsebenzi kukuba ukubophelela oboniswa inkqubo ye musculoskeletal nkqubo. Kwakhona luqulathe iinyanda Imisonto collagen, kodwa isakhiwo zazo kunye nezinye imvelaphi. Le intlala empumlo, iphecana yokuphefumla, iindlebe ngaphandle ukuba enze ekubumbeni kunye nemisebenzi abaxhasayo indawo soft ijwabu attachment. Kodwa ngokungafaniyo imisipha kwezihlunu kufutshane nabo awunalo umthwalo enjalo.

iimpawu ezizodwa

Le intlala elastic ke iinqanawa ezincinane kakhulu. Oku kuyaqondakala, kuba umthwalo onamandla okuhambisa nako ukonakalisa kubo. Njengoko ukufunza intlala kwizicwili? Le misebenzi azithathele nomongo intercellular. Le intlala hyaline akukho imithambo yegazi. kuyenze ukukhuhlana pretty ezinzima kunye ashinyeneyo. Ukutya kwabo ngeendleko kulwelo synovia.

Lihamba amanzi Matrix ngokukhululekileyo. Iqulathe zonke izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze ukutya. Proteoglycan ezindaweni intlala kuhle amanzi ubanxibe. Yena ke ngathi kukho into incompressible inika ngqongqo kunye ukunceda engaphezulu. Imithwalo yamanzi kuthatha isiphumo kwaqhenqetha phesheya isithuba intercellular kwaye kakuhle kususa ukungakhululeki, ukuvimbela deformations ongenakulungiseka ezibalulekileyo.

uphuhliso

Umzimba womntu omdala kwi-2% ye ubunzima iwela intlala. Apho kuqwalasele kunye misebenzi iyenziwa? Intlala kunye isicwili wethambo kwixesha osandul akukho umohluko. Xa sisihluma akukho amathambo. Baya iphuhlisa intlala inyama yaye kwasekwa ngexesha lokuzalwa. Kodwa inxalenye yawo kwaye ossified. Kule kwakhiwa iindlebe, impumlo, umqala, iityhubhu inyumoniya. Kwakhona khona amalungu iingalo kunye nemilenze, amalungu wethambo zikawonke wonke, IiCD intervertebral, meniscus edolweni.

kwenzeka uphuhliso intlala ngokwamanqanaba eziliqela. iiseli yokuqala mesenchymal ukuba okroqiweyo ngamanzi, elirhangqiweyo, ukulahlekelwa iinkqubo ze uqale ekhobokisayo ukuya matrix. Emva oku iyantlukwano yabo chondrocytes kunye chondroblasts. I zokuqala ngokuqinileyo singqongwe kweziyobisi intercellular. Kule meko, basenokwabelana inani eliqingqiweyo amaxesha. Emva kwezi nkqubo yenza iqela isogenic. Iiseli eseleyo phezu komhlaba laphu zibe chondroblasts. Kwinkqubo zokuvelisa izinto matrix kwenzeka umahluko lokugqibela, kwakheka isakhiwo kunye ukwahlulwa ecacileyo ibe ungqameko obhityileyo kunye ngelaphu esisiseko.

utshintsho ezinxulumene ubudala

Intlala umsebenzi yethishyu yabantu kwinkqubo yokutshintsha ubomi. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha uya kuqaphela imiqondiso ngokwaluphala: buthathaka kwizihlunu nemisipha namalungu, bhetyebhetye ilahlekile, abachaphazelekayo malunga ubuhlungu ngemozulu okanye xa umthwalo engaqhelekanga. Le nkqubo kuthathwa yizo nokomzimba. Xa eneminyaka engama-30-40, iimpawu zinokutshintsha ukuya ithile enoba kukancinane okanye, sele ziqala ukuba ubuhlungu. Ukuguga le intlala inyama articular kungenxa ekulahlekeni luthambe. Imicu luthambe Lost. Le liyalila ngelaphu, uyayikhulula.

On kuzakubonakala iintanda kumphezulu ogudileyo, kuba rough. Ngobuqhophololo kunye lula ngokuwatshibiliza akusekho kunokwenzeka. imiphetho ezonakeleyo zikhula, bakha iidipozithi kwi inwebu kwakhiwa osteophytes. intlala selastiki ikhula endala kunye nokwanda ikhalsiyam intracellular kulo mbandela, kodwa iimpawu zazo (impumlo, neendlebe) phantse kungaboniswanga.

umsebenzi kakuhle of intlala bone

Nini yaye kwenzeka njani oku? Ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke koko umsebenzi lo intlala. I-compact intervertebral, umsebenzi esisiseko apho yazinza nenkxaso, ngokufuthi ukungasebenzi kwenzeka ngexesha kuphuhliso dystrophic okanye iinkqubo sisiba mandundu. Le meko ingakhokelela ekubeni shift nto, nto, kuya kubangela ucinezelo ye esikule ezingqongileyo. nokudumba ingenakunqandwa, imizwa pinched, abenze neempahla.

Ukuze ukubuyisela uzinzo, umzimba uzama ukuba alungise le ngxaki. Le vertebra endaweni deformation 'ilungiswe' ukuba imeko, ikhula ngohlobo outgrowths yantlandlolo ingamathambo (intshebe). Kananjalo oku kunceda izihlunu ezikufutshane: kanye kwakhona ukudumba, ngozipho, ucinezelo. Le ngxaki intsonkothile. isixhobo ezizuzwa osteochondral ebizwa osteochondrosis.

kobudala elide intshukumo (udaka yomenzakalo) Kwakhona sibe nefuthe elibi intlala. Ukuba imithwalo ngokugqithisileyo kutsha imicu elastic kwi ezithungwini Nezibugqagala ezinezikhondo, ngoko akukho kuphinda udle ngokuqhelekileyo ephantsi intlala umsebenzi. ulwelo synovia ixubene embi, chondrocytes abayifumani izondlo ngokwaneleyo, ngenxa yoko unako ukuvelisa imali eyimfuneko collagen kunye elastin ukuya matrix.

Esi sigqibo sicacile: ngokuba intlala eqhelekileyo ngokuhlangeneyo kufuneka bafumane uxinezeleko umthwalo eyaneleyo ucinezelo. Ukuqinisekisa oku, kufuneka usebenzise kwaye ikhokelele indlela yokuphila esempilweni kunye esebenzayo.