Intsapho yeentlanzi ze-percid: amagama, inkcazo. Isiqhelo esivamile. I-Volga pike perch. Umlambo weMlambo

Okuniformes - iqela elikhulu leentlanzi, elinamaqela angaphezu kwe-10 000, olusasazwa ngamanzi amaninzi eeplanethi. Phakathi kwezona ziqhelekileyo yiqela leentlanzi ze-percid. Inxalenye yeentlobo zineentambo zeplavic, ezitholakala phantsi kwe-thoracic okanye phambi kwazo. Iimpazamo ziyahlanjululwa, ngokuqhelekileyo zizihlunu. Inani lemitha ayikho ngaphezu kweyesithandathu. Iziseko zeepectoral fins zifakwe ngokugqithiseleyo okanye eziphambili kwi-axis yomzimba. I-Perciformes ayinaso i-fat fin. I-swim bladder ayixhunyiwe kumathumbu okanye ayikho ngokupheleleyo. I-detachment iquka iintsapho ezili-160 kunye nama-suborders angama-20.

Ziziphi iintlobo zeentlanzi ezibhekiswe kwiqela le-percids

Emanzini amancinci kunye namanzi asemantla eNyakatho yeNtlabathi, intsapho ye-percids ivela:

• EYurophu, ngaphandle kweNyakatho Scotland, iSpeyin neItali;
• ENorway, eGrisi;
• KwiNyakatho yeAsia, engabali iKamchatka neChukotka;
• ENyakatho Melika.

Umphetho we-dorsal uhlukaniswe ube yingxenye epholileyo kunye neyobuhlungu, kwabanye abantu abadibeneyo, nakwabanye bafumaneka ngokwahlukileyo. Amazinyo afana ne-Bristly emaseni afakwa emigqeni emininzi, kwaye ezinye zineentlungu. Iimbumba zegill zikhululekile kwi-isthmus. Izikali ziqulethwe ngamacwecwe amancinci, ajikelezayo, ajikelezayo ajikelezayo. Intsapho ye-perch ibandakanya izilwanyana ezilishumi kunye neenkulungwane ezingaphezu kwekhulu, ezi-7 ezihlala kwiindawo zokuhlala zaseRashiya. Ukusabalala ngokubanzi kwintsimbi, kulandelwa ngumbombo, ukuxubha kunye nokucoca.

Kwisitya se-Azov-Black Sea sibambe indoda ye-perch-gingerbread nendoda ye-percarin, kunye ne-chop. I-ether, i-percinus, kunye ne-ammocrite itholakala eNyakatho Melika.

Family Okuni

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeerki: umlambo (oqhelekileyo), ophuzi kunye neBalkhash.

Umlambo womlambo ungenye yeentlobo zeentlanzi ezithandwa kakhulu. Ihlala emanzini amaninzi, kunye namachibi eentaba, ezikude kwiimitha eziliqela zamitha.

I-perch inombala oqaqambileyo-ubuhlaza obunzulu obuphezulu, kunye namacala omnyama we-yellow hue. Iimpawu ze-Pectoral ziphuzi, kwaye i-ventrals ibomvu. I-Orange hue amehlo onke. Umbala we-perch eqhelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwimimandla, ngokomzekelo, kumachibi ehlathi, ithola umbala omnyama.

Amabhinqa avuthiwe ngokwesondo emva kweminyaka emithathu, kwaye abesilisa sele sele beneminyaka emibini okanye emibini. I-Caviarkazikazi ilele kwi-silt, i-driftwood. Amaqanda angama-200-300 amawaka, inani lixhomekeke kubukhulu besifazane.

Indawo ezalwe ngokutsha ehlala kummandla wonxweme, ezama ukuhlala kunye kunye nokutya kwi-zooplankton. Isidumbu se-perch encinane iba xa umzimba wakhe ukhula ude ubude be-10 cm, kwaye uqala ukutya intlanzi encinci.

I-pike, i-perch, i-perch ithathwa njengento elula kwaye isondlo.

I-bherdi eqhelekileyo ibangela ubuninzi babo bonke ababambelele kwamanye amabhunga amanzi. Kudliwa ngokuzonwabisa. I-perch igxobhoza kakhulu, ngoko ke abalobi bayibamba kulo lonke unyaka ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Perca flavescens, Perca schrenkii

I-perch ephuzi kuzo zonke iintlobo ifana kakhulu nomlambo owodwa. Ihlala empuma yeMntla Melika kwaye ithathwa njengento ebalulekileyo yokuloba kwezemidlalo.

I-bhalkhash ipaki, ngokungafani nomlambo womlambo, unomzimba odibeneyo. Akanayo amabala amnyama kwi-endorsal fin. I-bharkhash ipetch yintlanzi edlalwa yintlanzi, edla ngentlanzi intlanzi encinci, kodwa ayiyikuyilahla ngefry yayo. I-perch ayikhuli ngokukhawuleza, ikhula ukuya kubude ukuya kuma-50 cm kwaye ilinganisa ukuya kwiihilogram enye kunye nesiqingatha.

I-Perch ithathwa njengentlanzi yentengiso. Yomisiwe, iyabhema, iqhwa.

I-genus ye-wandering

I-genus ye-zander inomzimba omde, umgca wecala uthabatha umnqweno. Iimfumba zefilovic zivuleke ngokubanzi, kwaye imisipha, njengomthetho, ikhona kwimisipha.

Zikhona ezi zilandelayo:

• Eqhelekileyo;
• Bersh;
• ULwandle;
• Umbala okhanyayo;
• ECanada.

I-pike-perch inama-ray e-branched angama-20, aphezu kwe-endorsal fin. Iimbumba ezinamandla zikwasemantanjeni. Kukho intlanzi enkulu, enesisindo esingama-11 kg nobude be-115 cm I-Sudak - inkulu kakhulu yeentlobo zeentsapho zeentlanzi ze-percid - ziyaziwa kwaye ziyaziwayo emanzini aseBaltic, Azov naseCaspian. Ingemuva igugu, kumacala anemibala emnyama.

Iipaki zePike kunye neendidi ezinemihlathi zimbini iifomu ze-biological. Ookuqala ukhetha amachibi ahlanzekileyo nemilambo. Uvakalelwa ngokukhululekile ekushiseni kwamanzi ama-16-17 degrees. Umlambo ukhetha amanzi angama-brackish. Phantse i-90% ye-catch totali ivela kwi-pike yesigxina. Amagqabi amancinci kwaye aninzi. Iintshaba: i-perch, i-eel, i-pike. Umlambo unxweme uthathwa njengentlanzi ebalulekileyo yezorhwebo.

Sander volgensis

I-Volzhsky pike perch (bersh), ngokungafani neziqhelekileyo, ayinayo i-canines, ukulungelelaniswa kugqityiwe ngokupheleleyo. Ubunzima be-pike perch ngu-1.3 kg, kwaye ubude buyi-45 cm. Eyaziwayo kwimifula ye-Azov noLwandle oluMnyama, njengomthetho, phakathi.

I-Volzhsky yintlanzi yamanzi, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha iphinda ifike kwiCaspian Sea. I-Volga zander ihlala eSheksna, Kama, kwaye nayo inokufumaneka kwiindawo zokuhlala ezikumzantsi. Okuqhubekayo ukusuka kumzantsi wendawo yokuhlala yendawo ye-pike, i-postcard later posted. Xa ukuzalwa kwe-pike i-pike iqala ukondla kwi-zooplankton encinci, kwaye ngokukhawuleza xa ikhula ukuya kwi-40 mm, iqala ukutya i-benthos. Ngomnyaka wesibini udlulela ukutya okudliwayo - inhlanzi ye-percid. I-pike i-pike, engaphezulu kwe-15 cm, isebenzisa intlanzi kuphela. Abenayo i-fangs, ngoko abanako ukubamba inhlanzi enkulu. I-pike perch igxotha intlanzi ukusuka kwi-0.5 kuya ku-7 cm. Ngentwasahlobo iqala ukunyanyiswa ngeminyaka, ehlobo i-saturation yokutya iyancipha, ekwindla idla intlanzi ekhulile.

Sander marinus

I-pike-perch yolwandle, ngokungafani neVolga, inamehlo amancinci. Ubude bepakeki ye-pike ngu-600 mm. Ekhethekileyo le ntlanzi ephakathi kunye ne-Caspian esezantsi, entshonalanga yoLwandle oluMnyama.

Sudak, ehlala eLwandle lweCaspian, ngokuqinisekileyo ayifaki imilambo. Spring isithuba sokuzala. Amaqanda amakhulu kunomlambo we-pike-perch. Ubungqina buxhomekeke kubukhulu besibhinqa kwaye buhluka kumaqanda ayi-13 ukuya kuma-126. Kwiminyaka emibini i-pike ipakiki ilungele ukuvelisa. I-pike-perch yaseLwandle ikhetha i-herring yolwandle eselula, inkunzi yenkomo, ithole, i-sprat, i-shrimps. Inxaxheba yokuloba incinci.

Intsapho yoThutho

Kwizahlulo zohlobo lwee-ruffs ngasemva, ezibandakanya inxalenye ehamba phambili neyincinci, ixhunyelelana komnye nomnye, entlokweni kukho imingxuma yeendlela ezithintekayo, kwimihlathi - amazinyo afana ne-crystal. Zikhona ezi zilandelayo: iintlobo eziqhelekileyo, ezihambayo kunye neentambo.

Gymnocephalus cernuus

I-ruffard eqhelekileyo ithandwa kwimifula emikhulu, amachibi ase-continental kunye namachibi ahambayo. Qaphela imilambo ngokukhawuleza kwamanzi. Umzimba weentlanzi uhlanganiswe nezikali kunye ne-mucus, icinezelwe kumacala. Ingqolowa ibomvu-eluhlaza okomnyama, malunga namabala amnyama, isisu sisimhlophe kwaye siphuzi. Kwimizuzu emnyama emnyama kunye ne-caudal end fin. Amehlo amakhulu, i-iridescent ifu-lilac. Umbala we-ruff kuxhomekeke kwindawo yokuhlala. Emanzini anezantsi lomdaka, umthunzi wombala ubumnyama kunamanzi ngezantsi.

Intlanzi ubude ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-15 cm, enesisindo esingama-20-25 g. Kukho abantu ukuya kuma-30 cm ubude, obunzima ukuya kuma-200 g, ngokukodwa kwiindawo zokuhlala zaseSiberia nase-Urals. Spring isithuba sokuzala. Ngeli xesha, amabhinqa akwazi ukubeka amaqanda ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ukukwazi ukuvelisa kwenzeka kwiminyaka emibini. Ukuvuthwa okukhawulezayo, ukuzala okunomdla kubangela ukuba ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kubemi.

Emva kokuzalwa, i-ruff reges efanayo kunye ne-zooplankton, kodwa emva kwexesha itshintshela ekudleni izilwanyana ezihlala phantsi kwe-reservoir. Kwi-ruff ebusuku kuphezulu kwintsebenzo, kwaye uzimisele ngokutya. Ubuninzi beminyaka yobomi benkqantosi buyekelelwe, eyi-10 iminyaka.

I-Biryuchok, ngokuphambene ne-ruff, inomzimba omdala kunye nezikali ezincinci. Inokufumaneka kuphela kumanzini ngamanzi ngokukhawuleza kwangoku. Umbala womzimba - ophuzi, obomvu-obomvu, obomvu, obumhlophe ngesisu, ubuncinci obuncinane, emacaleni kukho indawo emnyama emininzi. Uya kuhluma entwasahlobo. Ukutya kusetyenziswa ikakhulukazi ama-invertebrates benthic kunye nentlanzi encinci. Inhle kakhulu yendlebe ithola indlebe.

I-ruff ephawulweyo ihlala emanzini amancinci kunye nesantya esezantsi kwaye igcwele umoya-mpilo. Ixhasa ama-crustaceans, iintlanzi zentlanzi, i- caviar, iimbungu. Ubume bomzimba bubekwe, intloko enkulu, i-endorse fin ephethe inotshi encinci. Intlanzi iyancipha kwi-touch. Emacaleni omzimba amacandelo omnyama omde. Iqumrhu liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isisu esisisigxina-isilivere, macala ombala wegolide. Ama-spawns ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Family Chopy

I-chops iphinda ibe yintsapho yeentlanzi ze-percid, kodwa, ngokungafani ne-ruff, banomzimba womzimba we-fusiform, i-forsif ye-borsal fins, i-edge edge ephantsi.

Ukwahlula ezi ntlobo zezinto ezilandelayo: eziqhelekileyo, ezincinci, isiFrentshi.

Ukuqhekeza okuqhelekileyo kunesigxina, esincinci esincinci sebala elibomvu. Emacaleni ayahlula imibala ebomvu. Iyaziwayo kwiDanube kunye neentlawulo zayo. Ubungakanani beentlanzi zingafikelela kuma-48 cm. Ngokubanzi, kukho i-specimens 25 cm ubude. Ukukhethwa kukukhetha ukuhlala kufuphi nezantsi, udla kwiintlanzi ezincinci kunye namanqanaba angaphantsi. Ukuqalwa kwenzeka ngoMatshi-uEpreli. Amaqabunga amancinci kwaye anamathele.

Zingel streber

Inqabileyo encinci ithandwa kwiDanube kunye noMlambo waseVardar, owela e-Aegean Sea. Ukhetho lukhetha ulusuku. Ixhaphaza, njengomthetho, ebusuku ngeempethu, iimbungu, i-mollusks kunye ne-crustaceans. Ubude bomzimba buyi-20 cm, kwaye ubunzima bu malunga ne-200 g. Ukuzaliswa kwenzeka ngo-Aprili-Meyi. Ukhula lunokufikelela kumaqanda amawaka ayi-10. I-Caviar encinci, inamathela kwi-substrate.

Zingel

Isihlunu saseFransi sikhokelela ekufeni ebusuku. Ihlala phantsi kweendawo zokuhlala. Idla ngokubanzi kwizilwanyana ezahlukeneyo. Ubude buhluka ukusuka kwi-15 ukuya kwi-20 cm.

Iintlanzi zelinen ephuzi-ephuzi kumbala. Isisu sesimhlophe, kwaye emacaleni kukho imicu emithathu emdaka. Ukuhluma kwenzeka ukusuka ngoMatshi ukuya kuApreli. Ubomi bomhlaba weFrench isiqingatha iminyaka engama-3.5. I-Chop - intlanzi encinci yentsapho ye-perch iyaqheleka kwisihlambi somlambo waseRhone.

Intsapho yaseStvrid

I-Stavridovye inezimbiko ezimbini zokuphamba: i-first-prickly, ngobukhulu obuncinane, kunye nemibala encinci ye-spiny, kunye neyesibini-elide. Kwezinye iindidi kumgca wokutsalana kunezikhuselo zethambo. Le ntlanzi ine-peduncle enqabileyo. I-Stavridovyh ihlala emanzini afudumele. Ininzi intlanzi ibaluleke kakhulu ekulobeni. Intsapho iquka malunga neentsuku ezingama-20 kunye neentlobo ezimbini zeentlanzi zaselwandle.

Iintlobo ezithandwa kakhulu yi-Stavrida. Intlanzi yoLwandle lwasePercian inomzimba odibeneyo oncinciweyo emacaleni. Intloko ihlanganiswe nezikali, kwaye phambi kwamehlo anamafutha enwele. I-Stavrida inamazinyo amancinci, idla i-zooplankton, intlanzi encinci.

Okunevye isasazeka phantse kuwo wonke umhlaba. Banoxabiso elona liphezulu xa lidityaniswe kwifom, ekhutshiwe okanye ekhutshwe.