Ukulwa Mothers - isixhobo ukufa

Nakule kwezixhobo mbini wangena uhlobo yokuqala kakhulu zakhe - oku wamtshicela kwezoqoqosho eziqhelekileyo ngendlela ekhethekileyo abethelelwe esibondeni futhi iguquliwe, ngaloo ndlela, sibe isixhobo ukufa. kanye Okukodwa yayo bubonisa ukuba sasetyenziswa ikakhulu abalimi ngexesha zaqalwa wegazi, ngoko ngokufuthi yoniwa kuba noxolo; kodwa akukho kuthetha ubomi lizwe lula.

braids yamahlwempu ziye zaba izixhobo

Kuba okokuqala ukusebenzisa esi sixhobo wezolimo ukwenzela iinjongo zomkhosi yaqala ngenkulungwane XIV. Kaninzi abalimi, ngenxa yezizathu okanye omnye amandla reshivshiesya ukutshintsha indlela emisiweyo yobomi, okanye banyanzeleka ukuba babonakalise ukuhlasela iintshaba, bububumbi braids zabo. Ngokuguqula engile sothimbo eengoma likhaba esibondeni okanye nje yokubethelela ukuba ibe axis eqhelekileyo kunye nayo, ngokuyifumana ifuthe apho sixhobo esibulalayo waba izolo Mothers kakhulu engeyongozi.

izixhobo Melee, ngoko wadala, kubekho inani iingenelo. Kwaba jikelele, inokusityeda, olusebenzayo, kodwa okona kubalulekileyo - cheap nolufikelelekayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, endaweni izihlwitha blade eqhelekileyo zibambene kwi shaft ukutshabalalisa kwalola imela okanye ibhleyidi kabini-mbini kunye egosogoso kancinci ngokukodwa zomgunyathi.

Izixhobo eSwitzerland namafama Czech

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala ekusetyenzisweni kwale hlobo izixhobo likhankanywe ngokunxulumene imilo ezakhokelela nabalimi inani cantons Swiss, ebonisa ukuhlasela Knights Austrian esenzeka kwinkulungwane XIV ze emva koko ihlaziywe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kangangeenkulungwane ezintathu.

Xa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XV kwi kummandla Czech Republic aduma imfazwe yonqulo baqala Abahlaziyi ekhokelwa yi Yana Gusa (elaba), ukuba unazo engundoqo amajoni liqulethe abalimi, endihleli izandla izihlwitha efanayo - isikhali bayithabatha kwikhaya ngalinye.

Ixesha umlimi eemfazwe

Kwinkulungwane kamva, umbindi iphela eYurophu yayizele igazi, qwele phezu eziliqela yezizathu zoqoqosho kunye zonqulo yaye igama Enkulu Sasungulwa War. Kwakhona Mothers (izixhobo) badla isigqibo isiphumo amadabi, njengoko umkhosi amaqela alwayo zaye linabasebenzi ikakhulu abalimi bangazange bakwazi ukuthenga iintlobo abizayo yezixhobo.

Uninzi qhina bokulwa, Ndinibonisile namhlanje yeeMyuziyam kwihlabathi jikelele, umhla emva XVI ngenkulungwane, kodwa kukho iikopi zakutshanje ngakumbi. Omnye kubo a qhina (izixhobo), kanye yaba amalungu wamajoni Prussia yaye, ngokutsho ibala ekhoyo phezu kwayo, wakhululwa ngo 1813. Oku kunokubonwa kwi Dresden State Museum.

Isiphelo kumaXesha Aphakathi

KumaXesha Aphakathi emva kwexesha, oko kukuthi, ixesha ezimbalini, nto leyo ncoko ingasentla, nayo iye yaba enkulu izixhobo ngohlobo amathe, ngaba ngakumbi ukuphucula uguqulelo - Glaive, okanye Glewe. Kujoliswe ikakhulu ngenxa ukulwa kufutshane yaye amelwe shaft polutorometrovoe kunye inokongezwa kuyo iflethi, elibukhali-ntofo otochennye ubude 60 cm kunye nobubanzi 7-10 cm.

Ukukhusela umngxuma kude umonakalo, wayifulela rivet okanye iteyiphu zentsimbi isongiwe. Blade kwalola, ngokuqhelekileyo ngesandla omnye kuphela, ekhutshwe kunye zeemoto kwi-engile ukhangele umnqonqo ngentsimbi. Ngalo uyakwazi ukubonakalisa i izithonga kuqwalaselwa yi phezulu, ngokunjalo ukuphendula kubo, ngendlela Ukuhlukunyezwa elikhulu besaphula ngohlangothi kotshaba isikrweqe. Ukongeza, kananjalo kwaba lula kakhulu ukuba ukweba Ihashe nomkhweli kunye sele emhlabeni ukunikeza kubethwa sibulawe.

Ngaloo ndlela Glaive, likuvumela ukuba asisebenzisa nje ukugawulwa, kwaye injongo kukuba ngokwaneleyo isixhobo esiyingozi. Kwaba kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kodwa ingakumbi ezithandwayo eFransi Italy, apho kwakukho ngumnyhadala-ngqwayi yabalindi basebhotwe imbeko onke amagosa aphezulu karhulumente. Apho ke, ekugqibeleni yaguqulwa yaba uhlobo olulodwa halberd ekuthiwa guisarme. Idla yanikezelwa kunye nemilomo ezimbini - straight and kujikwa - sivumele nejoni ukuba isicelo amtyhalela kwaye ade utshaba kunye nehashe.

Amathe kwindawo yokugcina the Cossacks

Kunika umdla ukuqaphela ukuba wokulwa Mothers - isixhobo, emva koko wayila kuqulathwe sisaziso sothotyelo eso ziintlanga ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba elona xesha lokuqala wabonakala kwindawo yokugcina le Cossacks, uninzi lwazo zangaphambili abalimi. Kunzima ukutsho ukuba kufanelekile oku ngoluvo, kodwa kuyinyaniso emsulwa ukuba ngexesha Ukrainian imfazwe yenkululeko yesizwe XVII-XVIII kwiinkulungwane enye engundoqo nje isixhobo.

Amathe ukufa wadlala indima ebalulekileyo Berestechko emfazweni esenzeka 1651 phakathi nabaphumi-Polish ukumkani Yana Kazimira kunye Cossacks Hetman Bogdana Hmelnitskogo. iinkumbulo Best iindwalutho, emxelela ukuba nge qhina layeka Cossacks waphumelela ngempumelelo kakhulu ukuphumeza zokhuselo kunye ezilandelayo sokubala-hlaselo.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inani elikhulu imiboniso enxulumene indima yezi zixhobo kwi Kwidabi geqe Ukraine, bavele yeengqokelela Zaporizhzhya olondolozo lwembali zembali. Bakha ingqokelela ezizeleyo nezipheleleyo ebonisa maxesha ezahlukeneyo zemveliso kunye nokuphuculwa armourers yokulwa qhina yalo mmandla.

Ukusebenzisa combat braids e Russia

ERashiya, imbali olu hlobo izixhobo wayanyaniswe ikakhulu ne kwimvukelo ekhokelwa yi Stepan Razin, uze emva koko Emelyan Pugachev. Yamahlwempu kunye Cossack ubunzima kuzo zombini ezi meko ke waya apho edabini bexhobe abolekwe nezinto zabo efama - nezamazembe, pitchforks kunye ensimbi, yasetyenzwa ngokutsha kwaye baba isixhobo esinamandla ezandleni zabo.

Kakade ke, singasathethi ukulwa amathe ezandleni edume impi ka-1812, i intsimbi ezo kakuhle ukukhumbula amajoni yomkhosi uNapoleon kaThixo, ebaleka ignominiously Russia. I-museum eMoscow eyayinikelwe imbali iziganeko zobuqhawe, ungabona ezinye yoyilo yabo yokuqala.

kosynierzy Polish

Noko ke, mhlawumbi obanzi kunayo Mothers (izixhobo) ezifunyenweyo ePoland. Ngakumbi ngokuqaqambileyo kuye kwaboniswa ngexesha imvukelo Polish ezibangelwa wesibini ipatishini ye ePoland, kwenzeke ngo 1794. Ngoko balwa nxamnye iiyunithi rhoqo yomkhosi Russian, Polish, abalimi Belarusian kunye Lithuanian kwasekwa iiyunithi ezininzi, zokulenza zabo ulwa braids kunye neentlobo ezinxulumene kwezixhobo bladed kuphela, ibonisa ebethelelwe nezitshetshe shaft zonke iintlobo iincakuba yasekhaya. Amajoni zezi yunithi babebizwa kosynierzy (ukusuka amagama "Mothers", "ingca", njalo njalo. D.).

Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, kosynierzy wadlala indima ebalulekileyo Idabi Raclawice ngo-1794, apho abavukeli Tadeusha Kostyushko wadibana edabini kunye namajoni karhulumente. iiyunithi zabo, bemanyene babizwa ngokuba amapolisa Krakow kwawona kuhlaselo lutshaba, umgca bekwizintlu ezintathu, kwaye bexhobile combat braids, zinqunqwe ndinqumle ngokungathi ukuqhuba amakrele nemikhonto, kunokuba izixhobo kwifama iguqulwe njengoko kuyimfuneko.

Kumqolo wokuqala imfazwe, bexhobe ngemipu, ngoxa yesibini neyesithathu - braids. Xa iintolo yavelisa ivolibholi, ngoko nangoko lihambe emva kosynierzy, wayigubungela ngazo ngoxa ukulayisha izixhobo, ngelo xesha elifunekayo kangangexesha elithile.

Ipateni efanayo kwaphindwa ngexesha kwimvukelo Polish 1830, xa uninzi ithathele nomkhosi rhoqo bexhobe ezinamarhengqa amakhulu. Ngokutsho nxaxheba ezo ziganeko, elihamba elutshaba, akuba nto zibambene nayo onencula umpu, ayikwazanga nibambene kosynierzy melee, ibangela kugawulwa yakhe ende enzima elibhalwe ngokumileyo kunye amtyhalela.

ukuguqulwa Japanese ukulwa Mothers

Njengoko kuguqulelo ekhethekileyo eyaziwa ngembali isiXhosa zomkhosi Japanese. Esi sixhobo yahlukile kancinane oko ngazo ngasentla. Kwakhona, ukuba ukuguqulwa zezolimo ukuphumeza, kunjalo unenzondelelo utshintsho gqitha. Okokuqala, nkqu umhlobo ngokudlulisa ebetha isikhondo asisifutshane, eseyiphantse kwigophe lasekunene ikhaba iqhotyoshelwe apha. Olu hlobo izixhobo isoloko ekwabizwa ngokuba irhengqa bokulwa.

Nangona isibakala sokuba eli uyilo lwehlisa uqina emboxo na intshukumo kwezixhobo e ifuthe kwaye oko kunciphisa amandla ayo ukubulala, inika ukulwa uphume enkulu yenza kakhulu yingozi ukulwa n'wina. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba abasebenzi kwitsheyini elide eyaqhotyoshelwa ubunzima, untwisted ukuba akwazi ukohlwaya enzima besaphula igalelo.

Ukulwa Mothers - yelo Yomelela ukhaliphe

Thaca kwinqaku imifanekiso yezixhobo (braids kunye noqwalaselo zabo) ukuvumela ukuba zimele onke ukwahluka iintlobo, ziye okwadala gunsmiths bamaxesha namazwe ohlukeneyo, ngokusekelwe isixhobo efanayo yezolimo. Izalamane braids ekufuphi nje kuphela guisarme, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, kodwa iincakuba nasekuxinweni kunye mowers - neefolokhwe zokulwa.

Ukusetyenziswa ukulwa olu hlobo kwezixhobo akazange afune naluphi na uqeqesho olulodwa - izixhobo ilifa yayilula ngokwaneleyo. Kwafuneka ukuba amandla, amandla ngokwasemzimbeni, kakade, isabelo esifanelekileyo inkalipho efunekayo karma akukho nto yayinempahla siphi isikrweqe.