Iingcamango zomsebenzi zexabiso kunye ne-utility theory zimbini ezigqithisileyo

Ngaba wakha wacinga malunga nokuba ngabavelisi beempahla bakhokelwa ngokubeka amanani athile kuwo? Kucacile ukuba baqwalasela iindleko zemveliso yabathengisi babo, kodwa ngokwenene abakhuphiswano kufuneka bakhokelwe yinto ethile. Singaxelela ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wexabiso uxhomekeke kwimpendulo yabathengi. Ewe, uthini izigqibo zomthengi?

Imfundiso yexabiso lemisebenzi

Owokuqala ozama ukuchaza ukuba ixabiso lezinto okanye ezo zinto zixhomekeke kumntu ongekho ngaphandle kukaAdam Smith. Uthe akubona bonke ubutyebi behlabathi bokuqala bathengwa ngesiliva negolide, kodwa kuphela kubasebenzi. Ngaloo nto kunzima ukungavumelani. Iingcamango zabasebenzi bexabiso ziye zaphuhliswa ngakumbi kwiincwadi zikaVetti, D.Ricardo kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, iK.Marx.

Ezi zorhwebo zikholelwa ukuba indleko yimuphi na umveliso owenzelwe ukutshintshwa kweemarike kuxhomekeke kubasebenzi abasebenziselwe ukuveliswa kwayo. Yiyo le enquma ukutshintshiselana. Ngelo xesha, umsebenzi ngokwawo ungahluka. Ukungabi nokufunwa kwemfundo kwaye, ngokuchaseneyo, kufuna. Ekubeni lo mva udinga ukuqeqeshwa kwangaphambili, ulwazi oluthile kunye nezakhono, luxabiswa kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba iyure enye yomsebenzi weengcali ingafaniswa namaxesha athile omsebenzi olula. Ngoko, i-theory ye-laboratory yexabiso libonisa ukuba intengo yeempahla ekugqibeleni igqitywe ngeendleko ezifunekayo zentlalo (eziqhelekileyo) zexesha. Ingaba le nkcazo iphelele? Kuya kuba akukho!

Inkolelo yezinto ezisemgangathweni

Khawucinge ukuba uye wahlala entlango ixesha elithile, kwaye ubomi bakho buxhomekeka kwiindawo ezininzi zokunika umswakama obomi. Ngelo xesha unayo idola yezigidi. Ngeli xabiso, umthengisi odibene naye udibana naye ukuthenga i-jug yamanzi acocekileyo, abandayo avela kuye. Ngaba uyavuma ukwenza utshintsho olunjalo? Impendulo iyabonakala. I-theory ye-value yexabiso, eyasungulwa ngu-O. Böhm-Bawerk, F. Wieser noK. Menger, ibonisa ukuba ukubaluleka kweempahla neenkonzo akunqunywanga ngeendleko zabasebenzi, kodwa ngeengqondo zezoqoqosho zomthengi, umthengi ngezinto ezincedo. Ukuba ucinga ngako, le ntetho iqulethe inani elithile lenyaniso. Enyanisweni, umntu uvavanya intle ethile kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zakhe zobomi. Kwaye ixabiso elithembekileyo leempahla ezifanayo njengoko lifunyenwe liyancipha. Ngokomzekelo, ekushiseni, siya kuthenga i-ayisikrimu ngokwenene, siyidlile, sinokufuna ukuthenga okwesibini kunye nesithathu. Kodwa okwesine, yesihlanu nesithandathu akusayi kuba nexabiso elinjalo ngathi njengeyokuqala. Iingcamango zomsebenzi zexabiso asichazi indlela yokuziphatha, kwaye i-theory yokusebenza ingakwazi ukujamelana nale nto ngokulula.

Iingcamango zokubonelela kunye neemfuno (isikolo se-neoclassical)

Abameli beli khokelo, umsunguli wakhe owayengumnotho ovelele A. Marshall, wabona kwiingcaciso ezidlulileyo zexabiso lentliziyo eyodwa kwaye wagqiba ekubeni adibanise iindlela ezimbini ezichazwe ngaphambili. Kwiingcamango zabo zeendleko zeempahla, ukuhamba ngokucacileyo kwimizamo yokufumana umthombo omnye wexabiso lemveliso kubonakala ngokucacileyo. Ukusuka kumbono we-A.Marshall, ingxoxo malunga nokulawulwa kweendleko okanye i-utility - ifana nompikiswano malunga nelophi iqhosha (phezulu okanye ngaphantsi) iisisi zisika isahluko sephepha. I-Neoclassicists ikholelwa ukuba ixabiso lempahla lithethwa ngobudlelwane bomthengi kunye nomthengisi. Ngako oko, ukubonelela kunye neemeko zifuna ukuhamba phambili. Ngamanye amazwi, ixabiso leendleko lixhomekeke kumlinganiselo weendleko zomvelisi (abathengisi) kunye nengeniso yomthengi (umthengi). Lo mgangatho ulingana, kwaye icala ngalinye liqikelela le xabiso ngendlela yalo, ngokuqwalasela ukugqithiswa okukhulu kunokwenzeka.