J. Racine, "Phaedra": isishwankathelo esifutshane. "Phaedra" - inhlekelele kwizenzo ezintlanu

Ukupapashwa komsebenzi kunceda ukukhawuleza ukuba uqhelane nesicatshulwa, ukuqonda oko kukuthi, kwaye ufunde isicwangciso salo. Ngezantsi yintlekele, ekhulwini le-17 yabhalwa nguJ. Racine - "Phaedra". Isishwankathelo sezahluko (kulo mzekelo, izenzo) yinkcazelo ecacileyo yombhalo.

UJean Baptiste Racine (Disemba 21, 1639-Epreli 21, 1699) ngumbhali, omnye wabantu abalulekileyo beDramaturgy yesiFrentshi yekhulu leshumi elinesixhenxe. Yaziwa ngeentlekele zakhe.

"Phaedra" - intlekele ezintweni ezinhlanu, ebhalwe ngo-1677. Kubhekwa njengomsebenzi ogqwesileyo weCauine.

Kulabo abangenawo ixesha lokufunda ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi obhaliwe nguJean Baptiste Racine ("Phaedra"), isishwankathelo esifutshane sezenzo kunye neziganeko ezingezantsi.

Uluhlu lwabadlali

• UPedra, intombi kaKretan ukumkani waseMinos kunye nomkakhe uPapiphae. Utshatile kuLeus, kodwa ethandana nendodana yakhe uHippolytus.
• UIppolit, unyana kaLeusus kunye nenkosikazi yama-Amazoni aseAntiyokwe.
• ULeus, ukumkani waseAthene, unyana ka-Aegey. Wayengumhlobo weHercules kwiindawo zakhe eziqhelekileyo.
• Arica, ikosikazi yaseAthene.
• U-Enon, umongikazi uFedra, kunye nomcebisi wakhe oyintloko.
• UIsmena, ummangalelwa we-Princess Arikia.
• I-Panope, omnye wabakhonzi bePedra, eyenza indima yomthunywa.
• Theraman, utitshala weHippolytus.
• Guardian.

Isenzo senzeka kwisixeko saseTrebene.

UJean Racine, "Phaedra": isishwankathelo esifutshane. Ingxoxo phakathi kweHippolytus neTeramen

Ngoko, isenzo sokuqala, isenzo sokuqala: umcimbi uvulwa ngengxoxo phakathi kweHippolytus neTeramen. U-Ippolit uxelela umcebisi wakhe ngenjongo yokushiya iTroesen. Uyise kaHippolytus, ukumkani waseAesesi waLeusus, utshatile noPedrus, intombi yakhe yangaphambili intshaba, iMinos, uKumkani waseKrete. ULeusus waya ekuthambekeni ezintandathu kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo, kwaye ukususela ngelo xesha akuzange kubekho iindaba ezivela kuye, ngoko uHippolytus unquma ukubuyisela ekufuneni kwakhe.

UTheraman uzama ukukholisa uHippolytus. Ucinga ukuba uTheus akafuni ukufunyanwa. I-Hippolytus iyanqinela, kuba ngaphandle kwendlela yokumisela uyise, unesizathu sokuba ashiye isi sixeko: kubonakala ngathi uyise wesibini uSepedra uyamthiya. Ngoku u-Phaedrus ugula kakhulu ngesifo esingaziwayo kwaye akayi kuba yingozi kuHippolytus.

Kwakhona i-Hippolytus inothando no-Arica, intombi yomlawuli wangaphambili wase-Athene. U-Theraman uyavuya kakhulu ngomfundi wakhe, kodwa ingxaki yonke kukuba uLeusus uvimbe uArikiya njengendodakazi yentshabalalo yeTars ukuba atshade aze abe nabantwana.

I-Phaedra ithi ukuyeka ubomi

Isenzo sokuqala, imiba 2-3: Enon ingena. Ubika ukuba ukumkanikazi uvukile ebhedeni lakhe kwaye ufuna ukuba yedwa emoyeni omtsha. Amadoda ashiya, kwaye ubonakala ebuthathaka ngesifo sePedrus. Ukusuka kwi-monologue kuyacaca ukuba ufuna ukufa. Kwakhona, uPedra uphendukela ilanga, ukhokho lwakhe. Ngokutsho kwakhe, umbona ngexesha lokugqibela.

U-Enona uva uPedra, uyika. U-Enon wayengumhlengikazi omanzi wendlovukazi aze amphathe njengentombi yakhe. Ngoku uhlazisa lo mfazi ngenxa yokuba engafuni ukwabelana ngesibalo sokugula kunye nesigxina sakhe. U-Enona ukhumbuza uPededra ukuba, emva kokufa, ukumkanikazi uya kushiya oonyana ababini abancinci ukuba adilize intshaba yakhe iHippolytus. Uphendulela ngokugqithiseleyo ekukhankanyiweyo kwegama lomntwana wakhe, kodwa ufuna ukufa. U-Phaedra uthetha ngesiphoso sakhe, esishiya kungekho khetho. Yona yintoni iphoso lakhe, lifihle, kwaye oku kuyancipha kakhulu ku-Enon. Ingaba kukho intlawulo kuye, umongikazi omanzi, kuyo yonke le minyaka yokunikezelwa kwenkonzo?

Ekugqibeleni, uSepedra unika: eqinisweni, uthanda uHippolytus, ngothando ukususela ekuqaleni kokumbona kwakhe. Yiyo yinto ekhangela kuyo, yiloo nto imqhubela emangcwabeni. I-Phaedra yazinzima kunye naye ngokwabo, kwaze kwazama ukuhlawulela unkulunkulukazi wothando kuAphrodite, kodwa akukho nto yanciphisa intshutshiso yakhe. Kuhlala kuphela ukungahambi kakubi kuHippolytus. Uyesaba ngelinye ilanga uya kuziyeka ukuzilawula kwaye ahlazise igama lakhe. Ngoko ke unquma ukufa.

Iindaba zokufa kukaTheus

Isenzo sokuqala, iziganeko zeziganeko 4-5. Intombi yasePanope ikwazisa iindaba ezixakekayo: Lezi zifile. Kwidolophu yokuzonwabisa, kuba kufuneka ukhethe umlawuli omtsha. Kukho abathathu abaviwa: i-Hippolytus, u-Arica owathunjiweyo kunye nendodana endala yePedra.

U-Enona utshela uPedra ukuba ukumkanikazi unyanzelekile ukuba aphile, ngaphandle koko unyana wakhe uya kubhubha. I-Hippolyt kufanele izuze ifa leTresen, ngoxa i-Athene ngokufanelekileyo ingowomntwana wePedra. UPedrus kufuneka adibane noHippolytus ukuba amkholise ukuba ahlangane naye ngokumelene neArica. U-Queen kunye nomhlengikazi wakhe onamanzi azi lutho malunga nesimo sengqondo saHippolytus ngokubhekiselele kumsindisi othunjiweyo.

UJean Racine, "Phaedra": isishwankathelo esifutshane. Arikia kunye nentombi yakhe

Sincoma ukuba sifunde iziganeko zentshukumo yesibini, into eyokuqala. UArikia ufunda kwi-Ismene's confidante ukuba i-Theseus ayisaphila, kwaye ukuba inkosikazi ayiyintolongo ukususela ngoku. UArikia akakho msinya ukuvuya: akakholelwa ekufeni kwaLeusus. Akayiqondi isizathu sokuba uHippolyt kufanele amphathe kangcono kunoyise. Ngaphandle kweembono ezahlukeneyo. Wayeyifunde ngokugqibeleleyo uHippolytus waza wafika kwisigqibo sokuba wayemthanda uArica.

Le yizona ziindaba ezilungileyo kakhulu kwi-princess yazo zonke. Ubomi buka-Arikia abukwazi kuthiwa uyavuya: emva kokuba bonke abazalwana bakhe abathandathu bewa ekulweni le-Theseus, wahlala yedwa, ejikelezwe ziintshaba zezopolitiko. Wayenqatshelwe ukutshata, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, akazange amkhathalele kakhulu. Ubuncinane de intombazana yabona iHippolytus. Akunalo nje kuphela ubuhle uArica awamthanda naye, kodwa nakwimpawu zakhe zokomoya. I-Hippolyte yakhe -Leus, engenakho ukungaphumeleli. Ikosi yaseAthenen eyaxothwa yayidume ngokugqithiseleyo njengomzingeli omkhulu phambi kwabasetyhini, kanti uHippolytus akafanelekanga kwaye uyayidelela uthando.

Kodwa ke, iArabia iyika ukuba i-Ismen ingenza iimpazamo malunga nemizwa kaHippolytus.

Hippolytus of Arica

Makhe siqwalasele izinto ezinje 2-4. I-Hippolyte ingena kwaye iqinisekisa amazwi ka-Ismen: Lawa afa, kwaye uAriki ukhululekile. Ukongeza, i-Athene ikhetha umlawuli omtsha. Ngokomthetho wasendulo, uHippolytus akakwazi ukuhlala esihlalweni sobukhosi, ngenxa yokuba engazange azalwe ngesiGrike, uArikia unamalungelo. U-Ippolit ufuna ukuba abe nesihlalo sobukhosi sase-Athene, ngelixa yena ngokwakhe ulungele ukwaneliswa noTresen. Ngokuphathelele unyana omdala kaPedare, yena, ngokwecebo loonyana bakhe, uya kuba ngukumkani waseKrete. Unyana kaLeusus uya kubakhokelela abantu baseAthens ukuba itrone ithathe ihlala yintonga.

I-Arabia ayikwazi ukukholelwa kuleso sikhundla: kubonakala sengathi uyaphupha. Emva koko uHippolyt uvuma kuye ngothando. Kulo mzuzu ungene eTeramen. I-Phaedra yamthuma ngenxa yeHippolytus: ikosikazi ifuna ukuthetha kunye nezingane zayo zodwa. Uyenqaba ukuya kuye, kodwa u-Arakia uyakwazi ukumkholisa. U-Ippolit uya kwintlanganiso kunye noFedra.

Ukuqwalaselwa kwePedra

Iziganeko zesenzo sesibini seziganeko 4-6 zilandelayo. I-Phaedra iyakhathazeka kakhulu ngcoko kunye neHippolytus - ayikhohliwe into ayifunayo ukuyithetha. U-Enona uzama ukunqabisa inkosikazi yakhe.

Xa i-Hippolytus ifika, uPedra uyitshela ngokuxhalaba kwakhe ngekamva yonyana wakhe omdala. Uloyiko lokuba uHippolytus uyamphindezela ngenxa yokucinezelwa kwakhe ngumama wakhe. Amanyathelo angabakhubaza loo manyala. Akayi kuba nako ukuhamba ngendlela enjalo. U-Phaedra uyavuma ukuba wayefuna ukugxotha uHippolytus kwaye wamnqabela ukuba athi igama lakhe ebusweni bakhe, kodwa akazange akwenze ngenzondo. Uthi unokuphinda aphandle onke amaxhoba aLeusus aze azithelekise kunye no-Ariadna, kwaye ekugqibeleni u-Ippolit uqala ukubonakala ukuba uPedra uyamthatha uLeusus. Ekugqibeleni, uPedra uyavuma kuye ngothando aze abuze uHippolyte ukuba ambulale. Ngaloo mazwi, uyabamba ikrele lakhe.

U-Ippolit uva iTeramen esondela, kwaye ubalekela ngokukrakra. Akayiboni ukuxelela umcebisi wakhe loo mfihlelo eyingozi kakhulu eyayibonakalisa. I-Teramen, kwakhona ikwazisa i-Ippolit yeendaba ezizayo: abaseAthene bakhethe ukumkani omtsha, unyana kaPedra. Kwakhona, ngokweentengiso, uLeus usaphila kwaye u-Epirus.

Iqhinga likaPededra ne-Enonas

Cinga ngesenzo sesithathu, iziganeko 1-3. I-Phaedra ayifuni amandla, akafuni ukuba yinkosikazi yase-Athene, kuba iingcinga zakhe zihluke kakhulu. Akayi kulahlekelwa yithemba ngokuvakalelwa. Ngokwakhe ngcamango, umntu kufuneka ahambe kamva okanye kamva avuse uthando kuHippolytus. I-Phaedra ilungele ukumnika amandla phezu kweAthens.

U-Enon uletha iindaba ezingalindelekanga: ULeus usaphila kwaye sele efikile eTresen. I-Phaedra iyika, ngokuba iHippolyt iyakwazi ukumnika imfihlo ngasiphi na umzuzu. Uqala kwakhona ukubona ekufeni usindiso oluphela, kwaye uloyiko lokuphela koonyana bakhe lukumisa.

U-Enon uya kuhlangula: umongikazi uthembisa ukunyundela uHippolytus phambi kwaleTheus, emxelela ukuba yindodana yakhe eyayifuna iFedra. Unina wesibini akananto eseleyo kodwa uvumelane nesicwangciso se-Enona.

Oku kubuya

Kwimeko ye-4-6 ibonakala iTheus, iHippolytus neTeramen. UTheus ufuna ukumkela umfazi ngokufudumeleyo, kodwa uyamlahla. UPedra uxelela umyeni wakhe ukuba akafanelanga ukuthanda kwakhe. Ngamagama, uhamba, ushiye umyeni wakhe ephazamisekile. Ucela uHippolytus, kodwa isikhulu asibonakali imfihlo yePedra. Ucela uyise ukuba abuze umfazi wakhe ngale nto. Ukongeza, i-Ippolit ichaza injongo yayo yokushiya iTrzen. Akafuni ukuhlala phantsi kophahla olufanayo noFedra aze abuze uyise ukuba amvumele ahambe. U-Ippolit ukhumbuza uyise ukuba kule minyaka yakhe u-Theseus sele esele abulala amaninzi amaninzi kwaye watyelela iindawo ezininzi, ngelixa le ndoda ingazange ihambe nayo nomama.

Thisus ayiqondi into eyenzekayo. Ngaba ngaba kufanele bahlangane nabayeni babo noobawo? Intsapho yakhe ibonakala ngokufihla into ethile kuye. Ushiya ethemba lokufumana inkcazelo evela kuFedra.

Ukuxothwa kweHippolytus

Kwesine sesenzo, u-Enon ukunyundela uHippolytus, kwaye uLeusus ukholelwa kuye. Wayebona indlela unyana wakhe wayedabisa ngayo entliziyweni yakhe. Theseus enomsindo. Into yodwa, akaqondi isizathu sokuba uPedra engazange amxelele inyaniso.

ULeus ususa unyana wakhe aze aphenduke kuPoseidon ngokwakhe ngesicelo sokusola uHippolytus. U-Poseidon wathembisa ukuzalisekisa isicelo sakhe sokuqala, ngoko akayi kukwazi ukumgatya.

U-Ippolit uyamangaliswa gqitha ngala macala ukuba akafumani amagama. Uvuma kuphela u-Arikia uthando lwakhe, kodwa uyise akayikholwa nguye.

Okwangoku, u-Phaedra uhlushwa ngokunyeliswa kwesazela. Uza kuTheus aze abuze umyeni wakhe ukuba athambekele kwiHippolytus. Kwintetho, indoda yakhe ichaza ukuba unyana wakhe uthandana noAriki. I-Phaedra, ngokungafani nendoda yakhe, ikholelwa kulo kwaye ngoku ivakalelwa. Ngokuba xa ukumkanikazi enquma ukufa.

Ukuqhawula

Kwisenzo sesihlanu uHippolytus unquma ukubaleka, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba atshate uAriia. Ngokukhawuleza kufika kule Ariki ngokukhawuleza iza Leus. Inkosi yaseAthenen izama ukumqinisekisa ukuba u-Ippolit ungumkhohlisi, kwaye kwakungafanelekanga ukumphulaphula. Kodwa u-Arikia uyalwela ngokunyanisekileyo unyana wakhe ukuba uTheus uqala ukungaqiniseki. Ngaba uyazi yonke inyaniso?

U-Theseus unquma ukuphonononga u-Enona, kodwa akasasaphila: lo wesifazane wagxuma emva kokuba uPedra amxoshe. Indlovukazi isesigxina se-insanity. Emva koko u-Theseus unquma ukubuyisela unyana wakhe aze abize ku-Poseidon, ukuze angazalisekanga isicelo sakhe.

Sekude kakhulu. I-Teramen ingxelo yokuba i-Ippolit yafa ekulweni ne-monster eyayimhlasela emanzini olwandle. Ezi zinto zikwazi ukugxeka konke u-Phaedrus. Kwaye akaphiki ityala lakhe. Uyakwazi ukuxelela indoda yakhe yonke inyaniso ngaphambi kokufa ngenxa yobuthi bakhe ngaphambili.

Yakhiwe ngentlungu, Leusus isifungo sokuhlonela inkumbulo kaHippolytus kwaye iqhubeke nokuphatha uArica njengentombi yakhe.

Esi sisishwankathelo. "Phaedra" - enye yeemidlalo ezinkulu, eziye zafundwa ngokupheleleyo.