Slutsk ibhanti - ubuncwane yesizwe Belarus. Museum of Slutsk iibhanti

Slutsk ibhanti (ekhohlo) - lesizwe Belarusians, uphawu lwembali igama elo lizwe, kwakunye umzekelo lobugcisa bokwenza kwinkulungwane XVIII. Nangona kunjalo, e Belarus namhlanje kaThixo kukho abambalwa kakhulu.

Ngokomzekelo, kwiminyaka emininzi Minsk, i-National Art Museum apha umbhinqo Russia, Ukraine naseLithuania. Ngoko ke, masikhe khumbula njani le art wadalelwa noko ke elindele kwekamva.

izazinzulu imposiso

Imbali Slutsk iibhanti imvelaphi yayo kwinkulungwane XVI, kwi-Commonwealth. Yaba abafundi ngoko waba isizathu inkangeleko yalo. Ababhali-mbali ziye zacebisa ukuba iklasi iindwalutho livela kubantu emathafeni yamandulo, nto leyo eyaziwa encwadini yeembali amaRoma namaGrike - amaSarmatia. Ukuba le ngqikelelo umfutho uphuhliso kwinkulungwane XVII ukungabi elitsha - Sarmatian. Basebukhosini wayethanda le ngxelo, kwaye baqalisa ukuba bazigqale inzala yabantu emathafeni, yaye abantu abaqhelekileyo - kuza bevela nokuxubana Balts.

Ekubeni amaSarmatia aba abantu abavela eMpuma, kuthandwa kakhulu phakathi iindwalutho baqala ukusebenzisa amabhanti neyesilika, leyo wayewathenga wasePeshiya kunye Turkey ngenkulungwane XVIII. amaxesha anjalo zithathwa ufuzisela ubutyebi kunye namandla umniniyo, kwakunye njengesakhi ebalulekileyo ebizwa ngokuba "Sarmatian" iisuti. Ngenxa yoko, ababhali-mbali kuba ulahlekisa yabangela ukuvela lo mkhuba Slutsk iibhanti.

Qala of production

Kwinkulungwane XVIII kwi ngabafo ka Rzeczpospolita yaba kwi-15% yabemi. Ngoko ke, imfuno Turkish isilika ibhanti lalilikhulu ngokwaneleyo. Ke kaloku, bakubon 'ukuba bathi, imfuno idala ubonelelo.

Ke hetman le Grand Duchy of Lithuania uMikhail Kazimir Radziwill elaqalisa ingcamango ngokuveliswa amalaphu kwisampula Turkish kumazwe Belarusian. Ngowe-1757, xa imiyalelo yakhe eTurkey sathathwa ngasese yomluki. Noko ke, kwaba kuphela isiqingatha edabini. kwakufuneka kunjalo ngenkosi wayeyazi indlela ukujongana ngobugcisa kwaye bazi amasiko Turkish. Kwaye loo ifunyanwa. Hovhannes Madzharyants - kumninindlu Istanbul, ngubani na ke wahlala eliyi. Abantu babembiza Ian Madzharskim. Ngoko ke Commonwealth baba yokuqala Slutsk iibhanti. Factory (nokuveliswa) ekuqaleni ibekwe Nesvizh, kodwa kamva (ngo-1762) ukuba bafudukela Slutsk. Apho wayesebenza ukuze ixesha eliseleyo. Ngenxa yoko, igama lemveliso ahambelanayo.

Phezulu wobuchule

Ekuqaleni Slutsk manufactory asebenza inkosi kuphela Istanbul. Kodwa kamva kahle thekinoloji kunye nabaluki zasekuhlaleni kunye izivatho oriental kunye neepateni phezu iibhanti zatshintshwa yi mibala zasekuhlaleni.

kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu (ukusukela 1781) le mveliso umqeshi lowo Leon Madzharsky - unyana iinkosi Turkish, oqale imveliso e Belarus. Kuba ukuqhubeka ishishini kayise, kwakunye nempumelelo ophezulu eziphunyeziweyo kule intsimi, yena wawongwa ibhaso karhulumente, wamkela isihloko ithenwa kunye nesihloko Gentry.

Isakhono Nabaluki zendawo lakhula nge ephala. Ngenxa yoko, izinga eliphezulu imveliso iye yaba sineendlela ezimbini chetyrehlitsevoy Slutsk iibhanti. Loo nto yaba ubhetyebhetye kunene: ukuba ubeke phezu iholide nokulila. Ngokwesiko Turkish, amadoda kuphela babe iinkosi. Ngokutsho amavo, ukuba isandla umfazi luchukumisa ngegolide okanye isiliva imisonto, ukuba luzizi. Ngoko ke, abasetyhini babengavunyelwa nokuba kufutshane lomsonti. Ukuba bagqwese ubuchule imveliso, la madoda iminyaka esixhenxe yoqeqesho. Kwaye nangona isibakala sokuba icala labo kuphela aziluki. Zonke iipatheni izivatho ceba amagcisa.

njengaye

Ibhanti iye yaba into ebalulekileyo ngubo naliphi self-ngokuphathelele eyahamba. Slutskaya iimveliso manufactory waba nempumelelo kakhulu yaye kungekudala bagxothwa emarikeni ziintshaba zabo wasempumalanga. inzuzo kwishishini kwenza kumazwe angabamelwane ukuphinda le mpumelelo.

Ngoko ke, Rzeczpospolita uKumkani UStanisław Agasti Poniatowski wagqiba ukuvula lokusila ukwaluka kwisixeko Grodno. Kwaye ndacela iingcibi Radzivilov ngubani kumisa imveliso. Noko ke, yena wakhanyela. Kodwa nangona oku, i mveliso kuvulwa Grodno. Slutsk iibhanti baqala kuqhubela yonke: ukusuka Warsaw kunye nesiphelo kunye isixeko French ka Lyon.

Ukuze balwe imphahla kwi Radzivilov mveliso waqalisa ukuba baleyibhelishe iimveliso zabo. Ngenxa yoko, ibhanti ngalinye lamiselwa Slutskj tag-ileyibheli obonisa indawo yemveliso: «Me fecit Sluciae» okanye «Sluck». Xa emazweni Belarusian aba yinxalenye yoBukhosi Russian - "BB isixeko Slutsk".

sunset yemboni

Kodwa kwakhona lokuvelisa Slutskaya wawa phezu amaxesha amabi. Eyesithathu candelo Commonwealth ngo-1795 yaba ekuqaleni komjikelo nokuphumelela ngendlela French. Uluhlu lwe Slutsk iibhanti wancipha. Ekuqaleni ukuba nje ifihlwe kwiibhokisi, waza waqalisa ngokupheleleyo ukunikela icawa kunye neecawa. Abanye batshiswa ukufumana amatye anqabileyo. Enye Slutsk iibhanti anokuqulatha ukuya kwi ikhulu grams zesilivere neempahla zegolide.

1831 waba unyaka wenguquko kwimbali ye manufactory. Emva kuvukela, abasemagunyeni baseRashiya baye wavalwa ngokupheleleyo enxibe isinxibo iindwalutho, kwaye yiyo loo bhanti. Ngowe-1848, i-mveliso yavalwa ngo Slutsk.

Inkcitho unit nganye

mbali Belarusian Adam Maldis Kuqikelelwa ukuba ebudeni bobukho bayo Slutskaya shishini mveliso livelisa malunga ne-5000 imimandla. Ngamnye kubo ekhethekileyo. Emva kokuphela ibhanti ngenkulungwane XIX ezilahlekileyo isicelo layo, kufuneka ixabiso yokuluka. Kwaye iimyuziyam, kunye nabaqokeleli zabucala baqalisa ukuqokelela kubo. Umzekelo, edume kunye nempumelelo Russian zabarhwebi Schukin phantse amabini eminyaka kuzingela kubo athengiweyo Vilna kunye Warsaw Antiquaries. ingqokelela yakhe ukudlulisela i-State Museum Historical. Kwaye, ngokwe kweengcali, iqulathe iziqwenga 60 kunye nezowuni yonke 80.

Kukho ubungqina zembali ngo 1939 Nesvizh Castle Radzivilov waqhubeka ibhanti 32, apho 16 Slutskaya. Ingqokelela yadluliselwa kuRhulumente Art Gallery of the BSSR. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha umsebenzi eJamani, yena unyamalale.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, 11 kuphela wahlala kwimimandla lonke ilizwe, apho 5 - Slutsk, kunye nabanye - iikopi ezenziwa amazwe. Ngokubanzi, inani ngqo le misebenzi yobugcisa kummandla Russia, Poland, eUkraine, Lithuania kunye namanye amazwe, cishe akunakwenzeka.

Namhlanje, ku Slutsk

Ukususela 2012 e Belarus egameni uMongameli nkqubo karhulumente, nombono ukuvuselela izithethe kunye nobuchule imveliso Slutsk iibhanti.

Kwisayithi ye endala manufactory okwindawo indawo nezenxina "iibhanti Slutsk". Le nkampani wasekwa ngo 1930 njengoko wobunye, lumanyanisa embroiderers, abaluki, wasebenza bezinto zemveli ilifa izakhono ezifanelekileyo izibonelelo. Ngo-2011, inkampani sabhiyozela unyaka-75. Iimveliso ezingundoqo ezenziwa kwi-mveliso - oku zomenzi, iitawuli, kwamalweyile, oonopopi zezikhumbozo. Yonke into yenziwe ngesandla kwi esondeleyo ezikhethekileyo - "Krosno".

Ukususela ngowe-2012 Slutsk baqalisa ukuvelisa iikopi ze Slutsk imixwayo, kwakunye njengezikhumbuzo ezahlukeneyo iintshukumisa zabo (izincedisi iincwadi, izitshixo, phones, iiphaneli zobugcisa, njalo njalo. D.). Iminyaka ukufunda iimfihlelo nabaluki kunye neempawu bezobugcisa yobuciko kwenkulungwane XVIII baba akulambathanga - inkampani ukusungulwa iteknoloji elide-ilityalwe ezizodwa. Ngoko ke, okokuqala kwamabhanti Slutsk (ifoto) - ikopi ogqibeleleyo wobugcisa zembali - ithiwe thaca kwi-Mongameli weRiphabliki Belarus. Namhlanje ke Uyabahombisa Independence Palace.

Iimveliso 'iibhanti Slutsk "athandwa kakhulu namhlanje. Apha uyakwazi ukuthenga amalaphu ezintle, iitawuli Belarusian, ngendlela engalawulwayo kunye nangaphezulu. Kwaye akukho izinto kuphela, kodwa umsebenzi ngokwenene wobugcisa.

Museum of Slutsk iibhanti

Le nkampani liqesha imyuziyam ekhethekileyo. Apho ungabona iikopi namaqhekeza kwimizobo, iinguqulelo zale mihla, size sibone ukuba kwenziwa njani.

Museum yeembali Slutsk iibhanti kubandakanya amagumbi eziliqela. Le ndawo yokuqala - "zomaleko zembali." Apha ungabona ukutshintsha indlela imbonakalo iibhanti Slutsk ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, iintlanga ezahlukeneyo.

Zone "ibhanti Slutsk" inama imisebenzi yokuqala vutshila kwinkulungwane XVIII, kwaye iikopi zayo namaqhekeza. Kwaye isebe "ukuvelisa" iyafumaneka kwi imeko imveliso kwinkulungwane XVIII.

Hall "Palace Fragment Radzivilov" - ukuba ukusungulwa iqhekeza Nesvizh Inqaba ixesha. Emva Radziwill babengabameli omnye kwabo bazizityebi, nto anempembelelo, yaye ukuzalwa Polish-Lithuanian amanene. enqabeni wabo iziyolo banikwa, ezihonjiswe imizobo abaculi abaziwayo, azigubungela kunye mata basePersi. Ngokwahlukileyo emagumbini amanene kwi "Abantu xa Zone" uyakwazi kwakhona ukubona njani ubomi babantu abaqhelekileyo.

I-museum Umshini ekhethekileyo, eyenzelwe yi bumabumela waseJamani Mageba, ingakumbi kuvuselelwa Slutsk iibhanti. It ilawulwa yi iikhompyutha ezimbini, siqulethe shuttles 6 no 1,200 imiyalezo. Analogue lo matshini ehlabathini apho.

ixabiso udaba

Namhlanje kwi izixhobo ekhethekileyo ukusungulwa Slutsk iibhanti. Kangakanani na yobuciko ezinjalo? Ngokutsho phambili mveliso artist, iikopi Slutsk iibhanti iya kuxabisa abathengi phakathi engange-10 ne-50 lezigidi. Yinto ukususela 1000 ukuya 5000 US.

Eqolo, ngoko ukuthetha. Apho oku iindleko? Nanamhlanje, Ngenxa yeteknoloji ekhoyo, ukuba umsebenzi omkhulu. Ukudalwa kummandla kuthatha malunga 60 iiyure! Le nkqubo isebenzisa imisonto ezingcakacileyo kakhulu isilika, equlethe igolide nesilivere. Kwaye ukuba ukwandisa isantya imveliso, bahlukane. Ixabiso lokugqibela ubunjwe, ngokuxhomekeke ubude bhanti, kwakunye isixa amatye anqabileyo esetyenziselwa eyenzelwe yayo.