Tomas Karleyl: ibhayografi, izincoko. Quotes kunye amazwi Thomas Carlyle

Tomas Karleyl (Disemba 4, 1795 - Februwari 5, 1881) - Umbhali Scottish, umbhali-mbali sobulumko, popularizer omnye wabaseki style ezizodwa zobugcisa bulumko iincwadi zembali - "namaqhawe esiko". A ethandwa kakhulu stylist era yeVictorian. Yena waba nempembelelo enkulu kwi ingcamango ngokusemthethweni.

usapho

Wazalelwa kwintsapho kaCalvin James Carlyle kunye nomfazi wakhe wesibini, Dzhanet Aytken, yaba omdala kubantwana abasithoba (umfanekiso unina Thomas leyo). Utata wam umakhi, ngoko umlimi encinane. Yena ngenxa nokuqina nokuzimela. sithinzile, waba intliziyo elungileyo. Iintsapho Carlyle babomelele ngokungaqhelekanga, noTomas wayevela uyise ngentlonelo enkulu, njengoko kubonisiwe memoirs zakhe. Wayesoloko ukuba ezi mvakalelo zothando umama wakhe waye umzalwana emangalisayo.

ekufundeni

Abazali abazange babe izibonelelo ezininzi, ngoko ke iminyaka esixhenxe Carlyle wathunyelwa ukuya kufunda esikolweni Parish. Xa wayeneminyaka elishumi ubudala, watshintshelwa kwisikolo samabanga Annan. ebhotwe ukuba balwe kukhokelele kwiingxaki kunye nenani labafundi besikolo, kodwa kungekudala wabonisa umdla esomelela sokufunda, nto leyo eyabangela uyise ukuba amfundise unqulo. Ngowe-1809 wangena University of Edinburgh. Waye mdla kwizifundo zakhe, ukongeza izifundo zemathematika, Nkosi Dzhona Lesli, owathi kamva waba ngumhlobo wakhe olungileyo.

Kwakhona wafunda lukhulu. Noko ke, impembelelo enkulu kuye kwafuneka ukuba classical uncwadi kunye nobuchule bexesha lakhe. Isibini oobhuti abakunye naye kwindawo enye, bambona njengomntu yinkokeli ngokwasengqondweni, kwaye imbalelwano yabo ibonisa ezithandwa jikelele zoncwadi. Ngowe-1814, kusekho Carlyle ulungiselela ukuba abe ngumbingeleli, wafumana isidanga weMathematika kwiSikolo Annan, Kuvumelekile ukuba wonge imali encinane. Ngowe-1816 wamiselwa ukuba ngumhlohli kwi School Kirkland.

crisis ngokomoya

Ngowe-1818, Carlyle ligqibe ukushiya umsebenzi ngokomoya. Akazange achaze ngokucacileyo ukuba kwenzeke ntoni na utshintshwano apho, kodwa kwakucaca umnqweno wakhe ukushiya iimbono ngenqindi kwabacebisi ngokomoya, zisoloko nohlonipheke. Abanye kwexesha akekho zibonakala kuphela indlela yokuphuma, kodwa wacaphuka kakhulu naye. Konke oku kuye kwakhokelela Carlyle ukuya nentlekele ngokomoya ukuba unako ukuyoyisa kuphela emva kokuba ukubhala «SartorResartus. Ubomi wacinga UMnu Teyfelsdreka "ngoJuni 1821. Wamgxotha umoya kuphika, kwaye ukusukela uhlobo ukubandezeleka bakhe yatshintsha ngonaphakade. Oku akuzange 'ukukhalaza "yaye" ingqumbo abamikhuba engancumisiyo. " Ngo-1819 waqalisa ukufunda isiJamani, okwamenza kwabandaziyo ezintsha umdla. Yena a lot of umdla kuncwadi German. Uninzi zonke ebethanda imisebenzi Goethe. Kubo, wabona ithuba ukwala iimfundiso esingasebenzi, ngaphandle wayetshona eziphathekayo. Badibana futhi kwakuhambisana ixesha elide. Goethe wathetha kakuhle uguqulelo lwencwadi yakhe.

impilo Personal

Emva ukuthandana elide, ngo-1826 Tomas Karleyl watshata uJane Baillie Welsh. Yena waba nentsapho kakhulu kakuhle-off, yaye naye iminyaka emininzi ukuba imali eyaneleyo ukuze afumane imvume emtshatweni. Bahlala kunye iminyaka emashumi mane, wada wabhubha Jane. Iminyaka yokuqala emva komtshato, bahlala ezilalini, kodwa ngo-1834 bafudukela eLondon. Lady uWelch engenabantwana, leyo kamva kwakhokelela ingxabano nekhwele. Ngaba baloko imbalelwano zabo. ukuphila kwabo kwaba nzima kwakhona ngenxa yeengxaki nangokwasengqondweni Carlyle. Nge imvakalelo enkulu kunye psyche-ethe, wayesoloko ubunzima ukusuka inimba zokudakumba efuna izibetho kuye, nokucula elikhulu intaka emyezweni ummelwane wakhe wamqhubela crazy. Rage wavele wanika indlela eya Ukuvutha uburharha ebaxiweyo. It igcina zingena lingxamiseke kuphela umsebenzi. Ngenxa yale zodwa noxolo ezazifuneka, kunye negumbi ekhethekileyo usegumbini yafakwa ekhayeni labo. Ngenxa yoko, umfazi wakhe babeye ukujongana yonke imisebenzi yasekhaya bodwa badla bazive bamshiya.

imisebenzi ebhaliwe

Ngeminyaka yoo-1830s, Carlyle epapashwe «SartorResartus. Ubomi wacinga UMnu Teyfelsdreka "kwiphephancwadi uFraser. Nangona ubunzulu beengcinga-bulumko, ukunyaniseka onomtsalane izigqibo zayo, le ncwadi akazange abe nempumelelo ngokwaneleyo. Ngowe-1837 yanyatheliswa umsebenzi wakhe "Kwi-French Revolution", owakukhuphayo kuye impumelelo yokwenene. Ukususela 1837 ukuya 1840 wamnika iintetho eziliqela, kuzo iplaza enye kuphela ( "Nonqulo Hero") sapapashwa. Bonke Bazisa kuye impumelelo zemali, kwaye eneminyaka minyaka imashumi mane anamihlanu, wakwazi ukuba ukuzimela ngokwezimali. Kwakufuneka abafundi abaninzi kunye nabalandeli. Ukususela 1865 waba Umphathi kwiYunivesithi Edinburgh.

Izimvo isakhiwo uluntu

mood olululo kunye ngokupheleleyo yobukrakra era Byron Tomas Karleyl, ogama engobomi inikwa inqaku ngokungafaniyo iindaba ezilungileyo. Wathetha bakhetha iinguqulelo zentlalo. Kumzabalazo wokulwa nembono ngomatshini zehlabathi, inkoliso yentlonelo utilitarianism bakhuthaza ukuba ubomi intsingiselo, uphuhliso amaxabiso aphezulu, super-womntu. Neyalo ngamandla utyekelo lwentando Tomas Karleyl wamelana ukunqulwa kwamagorha. Wayekholelwa ukuba uluntu kwaye urhulumente kufuneka alawule kuphela abo banqwenela owoyisayo amandla. Impumelelo iya kukhokelela ngamandla, kwabangela ingxabano of yimibono, ngokusekelwe ukusukela rhoqo usukelo lobuqu ephakamileyo, yaye ubuthathaka kunye ingozi ngesayensi, nto leyo ngumxube Scottish Puritanism, kunye yimibono waseJamani.

Kwezopolitiko, yena wadlala indima enkulu njengoko ingcali ye-impiriyalizim, waluthethelela ingcamango mission yembali yabantu IsiNgesi ukuba bamkele lonke ihlabathi. Of yintatheli kufanele kuphawulwe, kuqala kwiinto zonke, zefilosofi kunye nokuvakalisa zembali "Heroes, ndihlonela amaqhawe kunye Nakwezinye Embalini", "Kwi-French Revolution», «SartorResartus. Ubomi wacinga UMnu Teyfelsdreka "kunye nabanye.

nombono yentanda ngayo ebomini

Phantsi yempembelelo romanticism eJamani, umtsalane, washiya nezenkolo. lwaya wakhe bulumko romantic lwabonakala ukuguqulelwa ethi Goethe "Iminyaka Science Vilgelma Meystera" kunye nomsebenzi "The Life of Schiller." ke bevela Romanticism, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, uphuhliso enzulu exabisekileyo (Byronism).

Eli ziko lisebenza Carlyle - uTshawe, i ubuntu obalaseleyo, weyisayo ngokwawo amandla amandla, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, yokuziphatha. Xa ekugxininiseni iingenelo iimpawu yokuziphatha hero yabantu abaziingqondi ibonisa impembelelo Puritanism. Ngokwahlukileyo kulo, Carlyle nayo singavele wathabatha Ukufundwa Nietzsche.

End of yokuphila

Tomas Karleyl, ifoto apho lucaciswa kule nqaku, wafa Februwari 5, 1881 eLondon. Emva kokuba umsitho ndlelantle esemthethweni, isidumbu sakhe bathunyelwa eScotland, apho wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni kunye nabazali babo.

Tomas Karleyl: aphorisms kunye kuchaphulo olu

Edume aphorisms zakhe ziquka oku kulandelayo:

1. sokwenziwa komsebenzi ngasinye ezisilelayo uqala kubonakala kungenakwenzeka.
2. Uthando - akukho nto efanayo impambano, kodwa ke ezininzi esifana ngazo.
3. Ngaphandle ingcinezelo akayi kuba diamonds.
4. Umntu ofuna ukusebenza, kodwa andikwazi ukufumana umsebenzi - oko mhlawumbi meko ibuhlungu thaca kuthi kusengaphambili.
5. Zokuvala - isiphumo eluntwini.
6. ubutyebi My - ukuba mna, yaye izinto endizenzayo.
7. Kuzo zonke simo isiqalo isoloko mzuzu kakhulu ekhumbulekayo.
8. Ukuzingca - umthombo kwaye ngenxa yesiphoso kunye nokubandezeleka.
9. Akukho mntu omkhulu uhlala lilize. Imbali yehlabathi - nto nje ngobomi yamadoda amakhulu.
10. Ukunyamezela - nomonde wamandla.

Tomas Karleyl, ogama kuchaphulo olu zizele ubulumko kunye nobunzulu, washiya, azafunyanelwa ndawo eliqaqambileyo kwimbali ingcamango bulumko.