Kunye nale Astrakhan Khanate. Ukuvuma i Russian Astrakhan State

Kunye nale Astrakhan Khanate eRashiya ukuba conditioner ngokwembali, njengoko ithi eziliqela kwasekwa ngenxa ngokuwa Golden anayo kwaye rhoqo imfazwe phakathi kwabo, eziyiyo sisisongelo ukuya ngasemzantsi-mpuma umda of Russia. I ebuthathaka eli lizwe, ingakumbi xa kwaba ekwahlukaneni kweendlela zorhwebo, ebesoloko wayefuna umxhasi olomeleleyo. Kwaye ke contenders le ndima kwakwanele.

Ungayekwa, le Golden mkhosi

Astrakhan Khanate wabonakala kwinkulungwane XVI kwi Lower iVolga. It karhulumente Tatar kwabunjwa emva kokuwa Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, kwaye ibekwe phezu kodonga lasekunene iVolga. Ikomkhulu lakhe - Xacitarxan - ibekwe 12 km ukusuka Astrakhan langoku. Okokuqala, ngo-1460 Obumbe Big mkhosi mkhulu kunene, kuba yinxalenye engundoqo kobokuqala nyambalala Golden. Kuye elikhokelwa Han Mahmud, lowo wayehleli kwikomkhulu - isixeko uSarayi. Oonyana bakhe ababini abazange ukwabelana amandla, kunye Hasim, bemke, baye esezantsi kuyo iVolga, kwadala umbuso eyahlukileyo. inkululeko epheleleyo ngayo zazifumanayo ngo-1502, emva kokuba uloyiso eentloko ezaxhobela ye iCrimea Khanate phezu iingalo nyambalala yomkhosi.

umakhelwane inzuzo

Xa Hasim phakathi eMoscow, apho kwakukho uIvan III, kunye Haji-Tarkhan kwasekwa ubudlelane zorhwebo. Ithunyelwa ngetyuwa weza evela esezantsi kuyo iVolga River kwikomkhulu. Yonke imbali Russian ubonisa ukuba urhwebo kunye Russia izibonelelo kuphela omabini. I Haji-Tarkhan yaba imarike likhoboka omkhulu, waza wanikel iimveliso ezisuka kumazwe amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, i Astrakhan Khanate akazange igunya namandla ozimeleyo. Ukuba kwindawo elula kakhulu, bekusoloko amaxhoba enqwenelekayo kubamelwane zayo nangaphaya. ICrimea kunye Kazan khanate, Nogai mkhosi mkhulu kunene, urhulumente kananjalo, njengoko ngenxa ngokuwa Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, ephakathi kwe iVolga kunye Urals, Khorezm - abazange zazidlala sibamba ummelwane ngokuncipha. Nkqu Turkey wazama ukumisela khanate yolawulo.

umdlalo double

Kunye nale Astrakhan Khanate kuquka kwi-ajenda. Bonke abaphathi Tatar karhulumente kunye eMoscow sasidlala umdlalo kabini. Nangona kukho iinzuzo ezicacileyo kurhwebo kunye nobuhlobo ne-Russia, Khan Abdul Rahman isayine isivumelwano elihlebo eCrimea ne Turkey. Nangona ngaphambili, ngowe-1533, phantsi kwempembelelo i "iqela Russian" abunjwe enkundleni yakhe ngesisa anyotywa Russia, Astrakhan Khanate waqukumbela eMoscow ngokurhweba landiswa kunye nesivumelwano kwezopolitiko, apho ke sasithetha malunga ubuhlobo kunye noncedo nokuxabisana. lwadibanisa Astrakhan Khanate waqalisa ebudeni bolawulo Ivan labangcangcazelisi. EMoscow uTimoti Dervis Ali ne Abdul-Rahman ukususela 1533 ukuya 1556 izihlandlo eziliqela waphumelela omnye phezu kwetrone.

A uTimoti ye eCrimea ne Turkey

Kuphela kule minyaka 1552-1554 kumzabalazo labo baphumelela angena kwenye uTimoti of eCrimea - Yamgurchi oziphatha, kuquka ukubanjwa kunye wokuthinjwa unozakuzaku Russian, abanomsindo njalo ke umlawuli Russia, bona 1554 wathabatha uhambo lokuqala ukuya iindonga Xacitarxan . Kodwa ukulawula le Astrakhan Khanate akazange ungekabikho lo njongo. Babefuna ukubeka siqinile ingumbuso weMoscow, nimbeke etroneni efanayo Dervis Ali. Kwelinye icala, emva kokuwa Kazan Astrakhanskoye ubulawuli Ukuzibona semngciphekweni yaphela ndiziphatha eMoscow akalalelanga. Kwelinye - enomfutho inyathelo odibeneyo eCrimea kunye Turkey, okwaye kwabonelela ngenkxaso Yamgurchi. Inkunzi nekhonkco omnye kwiziqithi lweCaspian Ambassador Sevastyana Avraamova ukuze ucatshukiswa Ivana Groznogo, ukuba phantsi iVolga wathunyelwa Strugi kakuhle oxhobele amajoni 30-amawaka. Baphila Ignatius Veshnyakov kunye uYuri Pronskiy-Shemyakin. Kule nxalenye ye iimpembelelo zamandla okuqhuba kunye Dervish Ali. Prince Vyazemsky nge iqembu lamadoda 2,500 kunye Danila Chulkov namaqonga ezinkulu Cossacks wenza ngokwahlukeneyo.

Ukungabikho ebambekayo

Yonke imbali Russian ifundisa neentshaba kwilizwe lethu musa kakubi kwaye ukuba baziphathe ngentlonelo ngamandla amakhulu, ngenxa yokuba imoto kuza ngokuyimfuneko. "Luyinto Astrakhan 'yaqala ngo May. Onke amajoni Russian ezazifanele ukuba ukudibana kwaye idibanise kummandla kwindawo kwaza phakathi iVolga kunye Don, ebizwa Perevoloki. Kwakhona oku ukuya amajoni-Nogai nyambalala yomkhosi Khan Ismail, zoncedo ethe yenziwe yi nenguqulelo esemthethweni yelogo ye-phulo. Abazange beze, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba i "East - umcimbi noxhamla ubuncwane." Kodwa onke amaqela efanayo kunye Viazemsky Pronsky badane moto kuvele kubakhawulela abavikeli i Astrakhan Khanate; kubo apho i Janissaries. Yamgurchi babalekela Azov, eshiya yonke into - nabafazi (Hanshi), abantwana yabafazi. Ikomkhulu sathathwa ngaphandle umlo. Phezu kwetrone wayehleli ukuba uTimoti ka eMoscow, wafunga kuyo ukunamathela.

Kwakhona i "ngeharika" efanayo

Kodwa uthimbo Rule yale Astrakhan Khanate kwenzeka kamva. Kwaye ke kukho irhafu belucwangcisiwe ku ahlawule wabiza kakhulu (1200 engange nangesilivere, 3000 imitha-2.5 Intlanzi, urhwebo mahala kulo lonke Khanate), okanye umoya kwesihloko ezinjalo, kodwa Dervish Ali, izihlandlo ezithathu perching kwi eMoscow sobukhosi, inxenye ngasese kunye eCrimea ne Turkey. Iinzame ezidibeneyo liQela eliCebisayo ufuna ukubaleka ka-Ismail, kwaye, ekugqibeleni obnaglev, Astrakhan Khan uthumela ukusuka eyinkunzi irhuluneli yakhe Russian. Bona, Kakade ke, wacela kuyo, kwaye ngoku kukuzibophelela kunye uxhulumaniso Rule yale Astrakhan Khanate eRashiya lokulwa.

Banike uwafake

Injongo kolo hambo lwesibini kwi Astrakhan, laphehlelelwa entwasahlobo ka-1556, yaba ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo kokuzimela Khanate. Le impi ehlangene, enyanisweni, kwaba sazela. Kwakugcwele bamaxhoba kunye wamajoni Vyatka, iVolga kunye Don Cossacks ukuba ahambe ngamnye ngokunokwabo ukuba kunye kufuphi Astrakhan. Inani elipheleleyo imikhosi abazange ngaphezulu 3,000, ebonisa ubuthathaka Khanate nekratshi. Enyanisweni, isixeko sithinjiwe kuphela ukuba kweendonga zayo wona libutho yokuqala iVolga Cossacks phantsi kobunkokheli Lyapunov Filimonov. Kwaye, nangona ngethuba Dervis Ali ikwazile ukutsala imikhosi eentloko ezaxhobela Russian, uloyiso kwenzekile, kunye Astrakhan ngaphandle naziphi na iimvumelwano wangena eRashiya.

Okulandelayo - Trans-Urals ne North Caucasus

Kunye nale Astrakhan Khanate, umhla - Agasti 26, 1556, kwaba siyagula kwaye idlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu ukubola yokugqibela iintsalela ye-Golden mkhosi. Ngokuthe ngcembe, aba yingxenye Russia okanye wavuma ingumbuso ukuxhomekeka kuyo: ngo-1557 - i Nogai mkhosi mkhulu kunene, koko kunyaka omnye Bashkiria. Kwaye ngo 1560 umda karhulumente Russian empumalanga ithatha indawo Urals, emzantsi-mpuma - ecaleni Terek. Enyanisweni, i-Kazan kunye Astrakhan Khanate kokuwa kwakhe wavula indlela ukukhuthazwa Russia ukuya Urals, Terek kunye Kuban. Kwaye ngoko ukuba kwilizwe lethu kukho umbuzo malunga ukungena kwi Urals kunye North neAsia. Kodwa umbuzo-nkqubo wezangaphandle eRashiya kwixesha elizayo, yaye yadibana kummandla iVolga ngenkulungwane XVI Ivanom Groznym ngokupheleleyo, ukuba lo msebenzi-free zorhwebo. Ukongeza, eloyisile Khanate of Astrakhan sele zazimkhusela imida eRashiya ukusuka ezantsi, ukusuka iCrimea Khanate, utshaba eyomeleleyo esisigxina.