Le feat of Minin kunye Pozharsky. amadoda True of Russia

iminyaka eli-12 e-Russia Smoot. kweminyaka 12 Russia emva kokufa Ivana Groznogo okushukuma ezifana nomkhuhlane. iminyaka eli-12, akukho ngumlawuli osisigxina okanye urhulumente. Xa indlala elizweni, nokungabikho kwesivuno. Kukho nenkitha noosiyazi, kwaye ufuna ukuthatha ilifa itrone engenanto. Iminyaka Elikhulu ye iCrimea AmaTatar akazange ababulale, kodwa kunandipha mzuzu nokufikelela eMoscow baphange zonke endleleni. Yiza balwa, nezibonda bathi etroneni. Phezu kweendlela kunye namahlathi lemigewu ngokuxhaphaka wabaphangi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo ke, bahlanganisana wamajoni Minin kunye Pozharsky, ukuba asindise lizwe.

Boris ukumkani

Emva kokufa Ivan IV ixesha elithile phezu kwetrone, unyana wakhe ogulayo ka Fyodor Ivanovich, lowo utshate Irina Godunov. Xa usebenza, "Board of Trustees", eyenziwa ngaba izinduna. Kodwa ke amalungu ayo ngokukhawuleza phakathi ingxabano. Ngenxa yoko lokufumana amandla umzalwana nangakumbi Queen - Boris Godunov. Yena indoda isimo sengqondo, kodwa nelishwa. On icebiso lakhe, Fedor ekhululekile kwizabelo wabanumzana, someleza ubume gaba zeCawa, kwaye ekugqibeleni, kuphucula ukuma nabarhwebi kunye neengcibi ukwakha imizi ezintsha. Tsar Fedor, wafa, akukho bantwana, ke yona eyomninawa wakhe omncinane nguDmitry ufa phantsi kweemeko eliyimfihlakalo Uglich. Akukho ngaphezulu Rurik Minor. Zemsky Sobor inyula ukumkani Boris Godunov. Chain of ukuqondana kunye regularities akaninikanga ukuseka ukumkani indlu entsha. Iqela iziganeko ezenzeka emva kokuba isenzo yabangela Minin kunye Pozharsky. iminyaka emithathu neentlekele Russian zendalo kunye nendlala: iimvula wathulula izityalo, kuneqabaka yokuqala undersold lokuvuna. Kweli lizwe kukho amarhe ukuba ukumkani omtsha elikholekileyo kuThixo. abalimi abaninzi babaleka ukuya ezantsi, ukugcina intiyo abanini bawo bangaphambili. EMoscow asebukhosini Endala, yamkhweletela Godunov, ngeendlela zonke kuthintela izenzo zayo, yaye ekugqibeleni evuselela abamelwane - Ashera, balwa, nokubona ubuthathaka eli lizwe. Baya kuthatha amanyathelo kwimicimbi yayo ngokuthumela nomkhosi eRashiya. Yayamkela amisele feat ka Minin kunye Pozharsky njengoko abasindisi ze iLizwe loobawo.

Ngubani pretender ukuya etroneni yokuqala?

Owenza, iye arrogated kwakuyo igama lomfi Uglich of Tsarevich nguDmitry. Ukunika isithembiso Polish King eyathatha III kukhokelela Russia Orthodox kubuKatolika, i bhedengu nguDmitry I ahlasela kunye amajoni kwi kummandla Russia. Akazange sinayo isithembiso ukuba kude izixeko Russian kunye namazwe abo wamnika imali wamajoni, waza ngaloo ndlela utheze umkhosi omkhulu. Ngaphezu koko, luck wayekunye naye. Tsar Boris wafa ngesiquphe, ngubani wayelungiselela indawo. Kodwa ke umthetheli oselula Fedor Borisovich ungenamandla kwaye, njengoko ethile iimeko, akaba nako ukuyenza itrone. Nabalandeli ungene e Moscow False nguDmitry I nje abulawe. Woyika Lzhedmitry izikhulu Russian. Tsar Boris akasekho, yaye akazange wayefuna. Izinduna ngokwabo okudingeka ngamandla. Ukomeleza isikhundla salo, watshata Catholic Marina Mniszek, sithembele ngoncedo uyise-oomantyi. Orthodox nokumkani yamaKatolika - oku kakhulu. Lo na enomququ lokugqibela, nolwathi lwalandelwa Ndilicukuceze Muscovites. Kamva, kwaye oku kuya kubangela feat of Minin kunye Pozharsky.

Vasiliy Shuysky

Ukusuka elide umgca, nto leyo ifakiwe kule ncwadi velvet ke, waba kartel ngukumkani ngoxa eMoscow umkhosi Polish ukuba asindise False nguDmitry I. Abaxhasi Shuisky wambulala uTimoti Polish nasemagumbini yesicelo, wangcwatywa, kodwa angahluthiyo, kombiwe umzimba waza wayitshisa. Vasiliya Shuyskogo abakhethwe ukumkani. Kodwa ukuzola eRashiya wayengekho. Ikwazizo mkhohlisi ngasezantsi nomzantsi-ntshona akazange avume ukunqula kukumkani omtsha. Ngokukodwa ukuba amarhe abaneka uYuri Mniszek ukuba nguDmitry uyaphila, wambulala ukumkani kabini. Ke wayalela ukuba Sambor waba Dmitri entsha, ababeza kamva kubizwa, kwaye eyesibini, yaye "Tushino". EMoscow wayethumele umkhosi omkhulu ukuze iphelise loo mvukelo esemazantsi. Kodwa abavukeli kwangena iiyunithi ezintsha ngakumbi nangakumbi, kwaye woyisa umkhosi wokumkani. Lo msebenzi ephambili kubamba eMoscow. Muscovites baqonde ukuba igazi busemngciphekweni, simanyene ngeenxa Shumsky. Yinto ulungelelwano ebixhamla ubuncwane kunene imikhosi. Abo bavukeli, Ukulahlekelwa kufuphi ukulungela ukusebenza kunye kufuphi Tula, enethemba kakhulu ukuvela osindileyo ummangaliso "ukumkani nguDmitry Ivanovich." Ke ukuba wayengazange yavela emva Minin kunye Pozharsky, le abasindisi ka iLizwe loobawo, ngubani owaziyo ukuba uphelise lo imbali wamagazi. Ngelo xesha, nguDmitry False II waqalisa uhambo lwakhe ukuya eMoscow. Bryansk, Karachev, Kozelsk - kwaba konke okusemandleni akhe. Camp esehlela e Tushino, kufuphi eMoscow. Oko laqala zokungqinga yayo. Muscovites baqala yindlala. Abantu babekholelwa eluvukweni i "yokumkani elungileyo", yaye yena wancediswa isixeko Vladimir, Yaroslavl, Vologda, Pskov. Marina Mniszek walibona nguDmitry omtsha umyeni wakhe. Noko ke, kukho isalamane oselula kukumkani, inkokeli unesiphiwo kakhulu, omnye squad ayinyamezeleki ngo-3000 woyisa emva kokoyisa phezu imikhosi Polish-Lithuanian. Kuba eMoscow, angakumbi khazimlisani Korol Sigizmund, ngubani kucingwa ukuba ifakwe unyana wakhe phezu kwetrone. Akukho zelizwe kodwa kwegazi, yaye ukuba Minin kunye Pozharsky, le abasindisi ka iLizwe loobawo, ixesha elide ukuba ubunzima abantu Russian. Baye kwaphela, ukuba balime ilizwe, norhwebelwano, ukuba nizole enoxolo.

Ugobe Shumsky

Ophumelele mfana tyhefu, waza waqala Shuiskis amoyise. Ukumkani Kwawa ngenkani tonsured yimonki. Abasemagunyeni babamba i Boyar Duma. Baya ewolo - wavumela amajoni Polish eMoscow ivumile ukuba Catholic nguye Tsar Orthodox. Ngeli xesha, nguDmitry False II wasabela ukulungela ukusebenza, apho abulawe. Muscovites abafuni ukubona kwamanye amazwe kunye ezifana tsar lwabo Orthodox. Izibonda ukusindisa le meko, umlilo eMoscow. Imvukelo nxamnye nabo wamiswa.

Kuyaqhubeka ilahleko Russian

Izibonda wathabatha ESmolensk umzi, i balwa wathabatha ilizwe Novgorod, yaye ubhengeze ukuba unyana wokumkani Swedish kaThixo, ulotrone yakhe Novgorod. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, e Nizhny Novgorod Zemsky umdala Kuzma Minin (1568-1616) ibhengeza unyuso ukuba wamajoni. Wakhanyela ke yena ngabarhwebi. Minin oluqokelelwe ezintendelezweni zabarhwebi abafazi kunye nabantwana wacela abarhwebi, ngoko, bathenga indlu yabo. ubuqili Loo bafunwe imali umkhosi wamajoni. Ndafumana nabanamava iRhuluneli - Prince Pozharsky (1578-1641).

izenzo athathwe

In Yaroslavl athathwe wachitha iinyanga eziliqela belungiselela imikhosi ukuba Nyathela eMoscow. Athathwe Minin and Pozharsky waba semngciphekweni. Ngeli xesha, i-Prince Pozharsky wathunyelwa yi umbulali. Kuphela ngengozi prince wayesaphila. Ngabavukeli elinde eMoscow. Minin and Pozharsky babesilwa kunye izibonda ezitratweni, enkqonkqoza bakhuphe kule yesicelo kunye Kitai-Gorod. Ekugqibeleni, emva amadabi abaziingwanyalala kunye nokuhlaselwa nezibonda yanikezela eMoscow. Kodwa Korol Sigizmund III ezikhawulezayo eMoscow kwaye ifuna itrone unyana wakhe. amadabi amaninzi, yaye ukumkani woyisakala waya ePoland. Yahlala mvukeli kwecala inkulu Ataman Zarutsky, owaba yindoda yesithathu ka-Marina Mniszek, ngubani lihambe phantsi Astrakhan, kwaye ke waqhekeza phezu komlambo Yaik baza babulawa.

amaqhawe esizwe

Ukuba akukho feat of Minin kunye Pozharsky, ngamafutshane, yakuba ibasindisile ilizwe Russian ukusuka lotshaba, ayaziwa bekuya kuhlala ixesha elide kangakanani na igazi, yaye ngokungathi imeko yezopolitiko iye yaphuhliswa kwixesha elizayo, nto leyo abukhali kakhulu kwaye olunzulu, kunye nelahleko zendawo amakhulu: Zaporozhye, ESmolensk, Chernihiv, inxalenye Karelia, ufikelelo kwi-Gulf of Finland. Ubomi noqoqosho lweli lizwe, kakhulu, wangena ukuhla. Akwaziwa mangaphi amaxesha intriguers zonke iintlobo bangathanda ukuba ingaxuthi ilizwe Russian kunye Russian ngokwabo kujika amakhoboka ngokuzithandela. Prince Pozharsky waqokelela abameli ukuba ukhethe ukumkani omtsha, yaye emva kwengxoxo ende ebukumkanini uMikhail Romanov oselula. Kuzma Minin proclaimed dumnyi eyahamba. Prince Pozharsky elimiswe ukusuka abalindi ukuya izinduna. Yaphela kanjalo iiNkathazo.