Kutheni iinkwenkwezi ezikhanya: physics okanye chemistry?

Stars musa ukubonakalisa ukukhanya njengoko wenze iiplanethi kunye Hewana zabo, yaye ikhuphe ngayo. Kwaye kakuhle kwaye rhoqo. A ezibengezelayo ebonakalayo on Earth, mhlawumbi ezibangelwa bubukho iindidi micro-amasuntswana space, leyo, iwile umqadi ukukhanya uphazamiseka kuyo.

Le nkwenkwezi ezigqame ngokwemigaqo earthlings

Esikolweni Ndiyazi ukuba Sun - yinkwenkwezi. Nge iplanethi yethu - kuba inkwenkwezi aqaqambe, kunye nemigangatho ngayo indalo - ngaphantsi kancinane avareji, kwaye ubukhulu kunye nokukhanya. Inani elikhulu leenkwenkwezi ezinkulu kuno iLanga, kodwa incinane kakhulu.

Star Ukulungiswa

Yabelana imizimba yasezulwini yaqala ezinkulu ngeenkwenkwezi zamandulo zamaGrike. Igama elithi "ixabiso" uze emva koko, kwaye ngoku nobumhlophe kwe iinkwenkwezi zikhanya kunokuba ixabiso layo emzimbeni.

neenkwenkwezi ezahlukeneyo kunye nobude radiation. Ngomhla spectrum kwamaza, yaye okunene ezahlukeneyo, ngeenkwenkwezi nga isixelela ntoni umchiza nokwakhiwa ubushushu bomzimba kunye isusiwe.

zesayensi bathi

Ngaphezu kweshumi mpikiswano lokugqibela umba "kutheni iinkwenkwezi ezikhanya." Uluvo oluqhelekileyo ngaba akude kufumaneke. Kunzima ukukholelwa nkqu yesayensi yenyukliya ibakho indlela umzimba obalaseleyo ingakhupha isixa esikhulu amandla, akakayeki nangoku.

Ingxaki fusion yenyukliya olwenzeka iinkwenkwezi, izazinzulu bathabatha ixesha elide kakhulu. Izazi, yemvelo, ekhemisi baye bazama ukufumana zingunobangela yakhokelela kuqhambuko ngamandla obushushu leyo lukhatshwa ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo.

Bemithi bakholelwa ukuba ukukhanya kweenkwenkwezi - imiphumo basabela exothermic. It sicinywa ejection ubushushu kakhulu. Zesayensi zithi umzimba kwenkwenkwezi ayikwazi kuqhutywa ngayo imichiza. Kuba akukho namnye kubo nako ukuya angayeki kangangamawaka ezigidi zeminyaka.

Impendulo yalo mbuzo, "kutheni iinkwenkwezi ezikhanya" kwakusondele kancinci emva kokufunyanwa periodic table lweziqalelo. Ngoku indlela entsha ngokupheleleyo lagqalwa yokusabela imichiza. Yemifuniselo afunyenwe izinto ezintsha radioactive, kunye nethiyori yokuguga uba inani uguqulelo elinye mpikiswano engapheli ukuvutha iinkwenkwezi.

mbono lwangoku

ukukhanya inkwenkwezi elikude ayiqonde "ukulala" Svante Arrhenius - zesayensi Swedish. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela, wajika ingcamango radiation ubushushu iinkwenkwezi, akuba kuphuhliswa ingqiqo ka dissociation electrolytic. Kwakugcwele zilandelayo. Umthombo wamandla iphambili umzimba kwenkwenkwezi - athom hydrogen, rhoqo inxaxheba ekudibaneni kwemichiza kunye nezinye ukwenza helium, nto inzima kakhulu kuneyokuqala. inkqubo ukuguqulwa zizinto ngenxa ezixineneyo wengcinezelo igesi kunye zasendle lobushushu ukuqonda kwethu (15,000 000̊S).

Hypothesis ukomeleza izazinzulu ezininzi. Isiphelo kwacaca: iinkwenkwezi esibhakabhakeni ebusuku ukukhanya phezulu, ngokuba indlela fusion kwenzeka kwaye akhululwe amandla ngexesha elifanayo ngaphezu ngokwaneleyo. Kwaya kwacaca ukuba ambaxa hydrogen ungahamba non-ayeke iibhiliyoni amaninzi eminyaka ilandelelana.

Ngoko kutheni na kukhanya iinkwenkwezi? Amandla akhutshwayo kwi ngumongo idluliselwa iqokobhe engaphandle gas kwaye radiation ebonakalayo. Namhlanje, izazinzulu uqinisekile pretty ukuba "indlela" ye umqadi ukusuka ngundoqo iqokobhe kuthatha ngaphezulu kweminyaka ezilikhulu lamawaka. Ukuze i-Earth ukukhanya inkwenkwezi nayo lide ngokwaneleyo. Ukuba imitha yelanga efikelela umhlaba kwemizuzu esibhozo, i mhlophe inkwenkwezi - Proxima Centauri - malunga neminyaka emihlanu, abanye ukukhanya ungaya amashumi eminyaka.

Enye "kungani"

Kutheni iinkwenkwezi ihlaba ukukhanya kucacile ngoku. Kutheni na flickers? Zikhanya evela iinkwenkwezi, ngokwenene egudileyo. Oku kungenxa womxhuzulane ezitsala inkwenkwezi wagxothwa umva igesi. iinkwenkwezi kwelihlo - olu hlobo esiphoso. Iliso lomntu ubona inkwenkwezi kwindawo maleko ezimbalwa umoya siyahamba rhoqo. odlula khanya ngokusebenzisa ezi zoleko, kubonakala ukuba yokudanyaza.

Ekubeni imozulu sasingahlali ndawonye, imilambo umoya ashushu nabandayo, bedlula phantsi kwezinye ukwenza umsinga. Oku kukhokelela uhlaba umqadi ukukhanya. Aqaqambileyo iinkwenkwezi, kakhulu, iyatshintsha. Isizathu sokuba boxinzelelo ezingalinganiyo ukuya kuthi akhanya. Isa yena ipateni inkwenkwezi. Oku kusuka isenzeko sele esukela emoyeni, umz, zemimoya umoya.

iinkwenkwezi emibalabala

Xa imozulu esingenamafu isibhakabhaka ebusuku kwalunga iliso kunye ovame eliqaqambileyo. Eziqaqanjisiweyo orange umbala kwi iinkwenkwezi Aldebaran kunye iinkwenkwezi zeBhere, kodwa Antares kunye Betelgeuse - lipholi ebomvu. Sirius and Vega, umbala njengamasi emhlophe, kunye ithinti oluhlaza - Regulus kunye Spica. iingxilimbela Famous - Alpha Centauri kunye Capella - yellow zimnandi.

Kutheni iinkwenkwezi ezikhanya ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo? umbala Star kuxhomekeke kwithempritsha yayo yangaphakathi. Uninzi "cool" - ebomvu. Kumphezulu wazo kuphela 4 000̊S. iinkwenkwezi White and blue kunye komhlaba iqina ku-30 000̊S - kuthathwa ukuba ishushu.

Oosomajukujuku bathi enyanisweni ukukhanya inkwenkwezi ngokulinganayo kwaye ngokuqaqambileyo, kwaye earthlings nje wink ...