Kwimo abantwana abanedumbe lengqondo: inkcazelo iindlela

ukuvuselelwa olusebenzayo abantwana abanedumbe lengqondo iquka uluhlu lwemisebenzi. Ingqalelo ihlawulwa nje emzimbeni kodwa ke uphuhliso engqondweni yomntwana, ukufunyanwa kwezakhono zobomi kunye nolwamkelo lwentlalo. Ngokuba abantwana abakhubazekileyo nazo kunokwenzeka kuyajongwa ezamahala, ivawutsha ukuba unyango sanatoriums, amayeza ukubonelela kunye neendlela zobugcisa yesiqhelo.

Ubangelwa imiba yesifo kunye nobungozi

Izinto ezibangela zedumbe lengqondo yohlulwe ezingasenza pre-natal kunye nasemva kokubeleka. Uhlobo lokuqala luquka:

• ukukhulelwa kakhulu;
• ngendlela engekho mpilweni wobomi kanina;
• yofuzo;
• ngokuphathelele kunikezelo zinkonzo, ngexesha apho zizalwa khona;
• elibukhali yaye ezinye izifo ezingapheliyo umama;
• Abantwana abazelwe ngaphambi kwaye enobunzima obuncinane;
• iinkqubo ezosulelayo kwenzeka ngendlela efihlakeleyo emzimbeni kamama;
• ityhefu yityhefu zobuchopho umntwana ngenxa ukungavumelani group igazi phakathi unina kunye engekazalwa kunye RH factor okanye umntwana insufficiency hepatic.

kusungula Kwasemva ziquka:

• ubunzima baby ukuze 1 kg ekuzalweni;
• wazala amawele okanye ezintathu;
• trauma intloko esemncinane.

Kwimeko nganye lesithathu, kunjalo, ukuchonga isizathu esithile leengxaki akwenzeki. Kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuvuselelwa abantwana abanedumbe lengqondo komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni ngoonobangela esi sifo. inkqubo yokubuyisela ngamnye kufuneka ihlaziywe ngaphandle kwakwimeko njengokuzalwa nabanyayo LBW - ezi zigulane badla kufuna inkathalo ngenyameko ngakumbi kunye kweliso zonyango.

Eyona sigaba ukugeleza sifo

Kwimo abantwana CP kuxhomekeke kwisigaba izifo, ubukhali kwezifo kunye nobudala isigulane. Nika ezi zigaba ezintathu sifo:

1. Early (iinyanga ukuya ku-5). Cerebral Palsy walibonakalisa abazizidalwa ngokukhula, ukugcinwa ingqondo unconditioned.
2. Esezantsi (iminyaka emi-3). Umntwana usoloko ingakwazi nokuginya xa ukutya, akafuni ukuthetha, asymmetry ngokukhawuleza, hypertonia okanye ngokugqithiseleyo zokwehlisa kwezihlunu.
3. (Iminyaka emithathu) kade. Ebonakalisa okunciphisa nomzuzwana omnye phezu komnye, yokuginya yokudla, nokuva, umbono, intetho, unditsho, ukuchama nkene ukuhamba kwesisu, ukukhubazeka engqondweni.

iimpawu ezisaqalayo zedumbe lengqondo

Yi imiqondiso yokuqala zedumbe lengqondo ziquka ezi nguqu zilandelayo:

• ukulibaziseka kuphuhliso ngokwasemzimbeni: intloko ulawulo, akhawuleze, ehleli ngaphandle kwenkxaso, ukukhasa, okanye ukuhamba;
• ukonga "abantwana" ikhaliphe ifikelela iinyanga 3-6 ubudala;
• ngakumbi ubukho bezinto ngesandla omnye kweenyanga ezili-18;
• naziphi na iimpawu esirhesha hypertonus okanye nokuphumla (ubuthathaka) izihlunu ngokugqithisileyo.

ezibonisa kwezonyango sifo kunokuba zombini ngokukhawuleza kwaye phantse ezingabonakaliyo - konke oku kuxhomekeke iqondo CNS nobuchopho. Ukuze kufuna unyango kufuneka, ukuba:

• intshukumo nemvelo lo mntwana;
• umntwana uye yombono;
• izihlunu kuvela yasenza nathi okanye eladlulayo;
• umntwana akafuni blink ukuphendula isandi elikhulu kwinyanga enye;
• ngenyanga 4 baby ubudala akabuya intloko yakhe isandi elikhulu;
• iinyanga 7 akazange ahlale ngaphandle inkxaso;
• kwiinyanga ezili-12 abazange batsho amagama ambalwa;
• umntwana akakwazi ukuhamba, okanye ehamba ngokuchasene nemvelo;
• lo mntwana squint.

kwimo yangaphambili olubanzi abantwana abanedumbe lengqondo unika iziphumo kakhulu ukuba uqale esemncinane. Xa iintlobo kakhulu zesi sifo thile kwakhona umsebenzi ngokwasemzimbeni okanye uphuhliso kamva lwezakhono zentlalo umntwana lihlale apha ngokupheleleyo ebomini.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba azisinyangi isifo

Cerebral Palsy ibhekisa sisifo ukuba nzima ukunyanga ngokupheleleyo. Noko ke, ukuvuselelwa ezibanzi yaye kwangexesha eyaqala ivumela abantwana ngale unesifo ukuba baqeqeshwe kwi ngebande elinye kunye nabantwana esempilweni kwaye baphile ubomi ngokupheleleyo. inkqubela ebonakalayo ingaqatshelwa ukulondolozwa iimpawu zomntwana ngamnye.

iindlela Modern onyango zedumbe lengqondo

Umsebenzi ophambili we-yesiqhelo ngamnye abantwana nokukhubazeka luphuhliso ngokuthe ngcembe izakhono nobuchule, lithathelwe ngokwasemzimbeni nezentlalo. Techniques ezo ziphuhliswe ngabanye ukuba umntwana ngamnye, ngokuthe ngcembe uhlengahlengiso iziphene iimoto, ukuphucula umsebenzi iimoto, ukuphuhlisa nomonde emphefumlweni, buqu nangokwasekuhlaleni, ukuphuhlisa izakhono ukuzimela ebomini babo bemihla ngemihla. Ngenxa kwimo yenkqubo umntwana bendelisele iingcambu ekuhlaleni kwaye iguqule ubomi elizayo ngokunokwabo.

Le program kokuvuselelwa abantwana abaneCerebral Palsy ziquka iindlela ezilandelayo:

• Iinkqubo zonyango amanzi: ukuqubha, balneotherapy okanye yonyango ngamanzi;
• Pet unyango, okanye unyango lwe izilwanyana: ippoterapiya (unyango ngamahashe), kwimo psychophysical kunxibelelwano dolphins and lokudada;
• isicelo bezixhobo wamathambo, simulators, zemithambo iibhola leri;
• izicelo udaka, ukwandisa umsebenzi bioelectric kwemisipha;
• massage therapeutic, nto leyo evumela ukunciphisa iqondo silale kunye izihlunu aqaqambayo;
• unyango ngamachiza: Faka Botox, yoluvo botulinum, kseomin, Dysport;
• ezihamba reflex, uvumela ukubuyisela iipateni zendalo yokuziphatha;
• ukuyifundisa: Miauton, ultrasound, unyango magnetic, darsonvalization;
• Montessori unyango, ukuvumela ukwenza ubuchule ingqalelo baze basebenze ngokuzimeleyo;
• iiseshini kunye kwengqondo;
• iiklasi unyango kwintetho, ukuphazamiseka ntetho olungiso (inkqubo "Logoritmika");
• zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa;
• Shiatsu unyango - -cofa;
• Bobath iiklasi ndlela - imithambo ezizodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezithile;
• iziphumo laser phezu imimandla reflex, incam impumlo, amalunga, reflex-segmental ummandla ummandla nemisipha paretic;
• unyango art, ezijolise ekulungiseleleni umntwana ukuba afunde;
• Peto ndlela - esekungcoleni iintshukumo ngamnye kwizenzo kunye Practice;
• ungenelelo steel amathambo;
• unyango Spa;
• zonyango ezizezinye: osteopathy, kwamathambo, zokuthunga-unyango, unyango lwepolitiki, electroreflexotherapy.

Kakade ke, olu luhlu ngasentla zonke iindlela kokuvuselelwa abantwana abanedumbe lobuchopho. Kukho iinkqubo ezininzi esele zenziwe eyenzelwe ukuphuhlisa kunye namaziko kwimo ngoku, iindlela ezizezinye kunye nobuchule.

ukuvuselelwa Physical abantwana palsy

recovery Physical komntwana egulayo kufuneka ziqale ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. iingcali eziphambili ehlabathini baye babona ukuba nokuvuselelwa umntwana okhubazekileyo (Cerebral Palsy) kuzisa iziphumo best kuze kwiminyaka emithathu, kodwa eRashiya kumaziko abaninzi abavumi ukuba abantwana ukuya kunyaka omnye okanye ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka emithathu, yaye oogqirha musa ukukhawuleza kunye uxilongo kunye nokuyilwa nokukhubazeka. yesiqhelo kodwa ebonakalayo - eli nqanaba ibaluleke kakhulu utshintsho apha naphaya iimpawu umntwana kamva ebomini, yaye baqala ukuzibandakanya ngokukhawuleza izigulane abatsha olandelayo sifo, "abanedumbe lengqondo."

Kwimo abantwana abanedumbe lengqondo iyafuneka ukuze kuthintelwe buthathaka kwaye yoma izihlunu, uphambuke uphuhliso iingxaki, kwakunye kokubhenela kuyo ukukhuthaza uphuhliso motor umntwana. Faka massage therapeutic, uqeqesho ngokwasemzimbeni umthambo kwi nabaqeqeshi ezikhethekileyo. Ngokubanzi luncedo na emzimbeni umsebenzi, ingcali esweni yaye iya kunceda ukubumba patheni zentshukumo ukuphuhlisa ngokuchanekileyo qethe ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokuthintela nomkhwa kwizikhundla zophendlo lwezifo.

Bobath kwimo therapy

Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo itiphu uthomalaliso Bobath xa zidityaniswe kunye namanye, iindlela ezisebenzayo ngokulinganayo. Undoqo unyango kukubonelela isiphelo indawo malunga oko kukuthi, ngenxa ehleliyo, zabalazela ukuba amkele. Iiklasi akufunekile ukuba kuqhutywa bume ezolileyo, kathathu ngemini okanye ngeveki, yonke Uhanjiso liphindwe-3 ukuya ku-5. Iintshukumo ngokwabo ukuba kade, kuba injongo engundoqo unyango kukuba imisipha. Zakhiwo loqheliso ephuhliswe ngabanye. Treatment ngu indlela yonyango Bobath enokwenziwa ekhaya - umzali okanye umgcini ulwamkelo aqeqeshwe usebenzisa iziko yesiqhelo specialist.

iindlela zobugcisa kokuvuselelwa

Xa ukubuyiselwa emzimbeni umsebenzi lwemoto umntwana abanedumbe lengqondo nazo kusetyenziswa iindlela zobugcisa kokuvuselelwa abantwana. ICP lufuna ezibi izixhobo ukuhamba (zokuhamba, izitulo ezinamavili), uphuhliso (umthambo Bikes, iitafile ezizodwa kunye nezitulo) kunye nococeko (izitulo ibhafu, izitulo, iithoyilethi) mntwana. Njengoko ngendlela yesiqhelo abantwana abanedumbe lengqondo kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo amathambo kunye simulators. isetyenziselwe, umzekelo, Adele isuti, redistributing nomthwalo kuyi Gross, ukuphuhlisa izakhono iimoto, "Veloton" inkanuko isuti kwezihlunu "Spiral", nto leyo evumela ukuba ukuyila iipateni ezintsha intshukumo, njalo-njalo.

Ukuvuselelwa kwezentlalo yabantwana abakhubazekileyo palsy

Kufuphi ubudala isikolo, ingqalelo ngakumbi ihlawulwe kukhubazeko loluntu umntwana. Iinzame ayalwa ukuba ukuyilwa izakhono zobomi, uphuhliso kwengqondo, kumalungiselelo umntwana ekufundeni ezihlangeneyo kunye nonxibelelwano. Ukongeza, izigulane bafundiswa ukunxiba ngokwabo, ukuzinakekela, baphumeze yococeko, zokuhamba njalo njalo. Konke oku kuya kunciphisa umthwalo kubanonopheli umntwana okhubazekileyo, kwaye isigulane omncinane - ukuziqhelanisa ebomini.

Kunye bengqondo ezizodwa umntwana, iingcali zononophelo lwempilo yokuthetha kunye nootitshala. indima kakhulu ebalulekileyo kubazali okanye abagcini abaza kujongana nomntwana wakho ekhaya. ukuvuselelwa Social kwabantwana (CP) Iinjongo zezi:

• isigama sengqondo;
• uphuhliso inkumbulo, ingqalelo kunye nokucinga;
• imfundo kococeko lomntu buqu;
• imfundo yezakhono self-uncedo;
• uphuhliso lolwimi, ukuyilwa inkcubeko.

Abantwana nalo Uxilongo kuqeqeshwa kwiiklasi zovavanyo, adla eqalisiweyo kwizikolo zikarhulumente, kodwa kunzima ukucinga ngcono ngayo esikolweni okanye ekufundeni ekhaya. Xa zokubhoda umntwana wesikolo uyakwazi ukunxibelelana kunye noontanga babo, bafumane izakhono ezizodwa inxaxheba kwimisebenzi iingcebiso ngamakhondo omsebenzi. Xa beqeqesha ekhaya kufuneka inxaxheba ngakumbi abazali kunye kweliso unyango yonke imihla.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, unga phambili umsebenzi yabasebenzi loo mntu unesifo "zedumbe lengqondo." Abantu abanjalo bagqwese uvumo umsebenzi yengqondo (ootitshala, kodwa kumabanga alithe, abezoqoqosho, abayili, abasebenzi bezonyango junior) basebenza badwelisi benkqubo ekhaya, bafunwa nkqu (kunye nokhuseleko ngesandla iintshukumo) seamstresses. Employment ayikwazi kuphela kwiimeko kakhulu.

Ukukhubazeka palsy

Cerebral Palsy iye iintlobo eziliqela kunye izidanga sandla. Ukukhubazeka xa ICP ikhutshwa apho sifo kunye nezithintelo ngokumalunga umsebenzi eqhelekileyo, ukufunda, self-nkonzo, qhagamshelana ilizwi. Ukwenza ukukhubazeka kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba axilongwe. Umama nomntwana sigqithe luvo, ugqirha, wengqondo, udokotela, podiatrist, zamehlo kunye ENT. Kule "adventure" ayipheli apho. Oku kulandelwa:

• ukukhupha uluvo lokugqibela kwintloko yeziko lezempilo;
• ukulandela inkqubo sokuNgqinisisa amaxwebhu sele kwiklinikhi abadala;
• ukunika amaxwebhu kwindawo yokuqokelela ngenxa yokumpompoza uvavanyo lonyango nentlalo.

Ixesha kuxhomekeke ekusekweni ukukhubazeka ukuqhuba uviwo zonyango kunye nezentlalo (kungoko ndiphinde ndidlule kubo bonke oogqirha) kufuneka uphindaphindwe emva kwexesha elithile. Kwakhona ufuna ukufumana kwakhona ukuvalelwa kwimeko apho inkqubo yokubuyisela mihla ngamnye ivavanywa utshintsho - umzekelo, ingcali ukuba umntwana yenzelwe ifuna ezintsha kwimeko yesiqhelo.

Iinzuzo abantwana abakhubazekileyo palsy

Ukwenza ukukhubazeka kuba ezinye iintsapho ngumba kubalulekile, kuba oko kunika ithuba lokufumana intlawulo yemali ngenxa kwisimo nesiqabu.

Umzekelo, iintsapho kunye nabantwana abakhubazekileyo kunye nenzuzo Cerebral Palsy zilandelayo zisekelwe:

• kwimo simahla kumaziko yase kanye engingqi kunye sanatoriums;
• isaphulelo eliyi-50% ukuhlawulela iinkonzo zezindlu kunye nezindlu zikamasipala okanye yoluntu;
• ilungelo eliphambili ekufumaneni lucinga umhlaba izindlu ngamnye ukwakha, isitiya kunye basebe-;
• supply drug (ngokumiselwa), imveliso ukutya clinical;
• zokuhamba simahla kwindawo unyango kwisibhedlele kunye umva, kwakunye kwezothutho ezidolophini (exemption wabeka umntwana okhubazekileyo yaye omnye umntu ehamba);
• Iinkonzo Psychologist imbuyekezo, utitshala kunye nentetho therapist, inkqubo kwimo ethile ngamnye (kwisixa akukho ngaphezulu kwe-11.2 amawaka engange ngonyaka.)
• zokuxolelwa kwintlawulo enkulisa;
• Iintlawulo zembuyekezo abantu abangaphangeliyo abanonophela umntwana okhubazekileyo (ngumzali, ngumzali okanye umgcini Akanakwamkela 5.5 amawaka engange, omnye umntu - 1.2 amawaka engange ..);
• pension ukuba umntwana ukhubazekile kwaye ezongezelelweyo payments (ewonke 14.6 amawaka engange njengoko ka-2017);
• ixesha umntwana abakhathalele unina abakhubazekileyo zibalwa ubude inkonzo;
• umama womntwana okhubazekileyo kunye abanedumbe lengqondo lineqela izibonelelo phantsi komthetho yabasebenzi: ayikwazi ukusebenza ixesha elongezelelweyo, iihambo zoshishino, banelungelo asebenze part-time, umhlala-phantsi phambi kwexesha, njalo-njalo;
• enomntwana ukukhulisa umntwana onesiphene akanakugxothwa, ngaphandle ukutshona ngokupheleleyo lweshishini.

amaziko Rehabilitation eRussia

Iziko yesiqhelo ekhethekileyo abantwana abanedumbe lengqondo yenziwa ngokubanzi phantsi kweliso ziingcali ezifanelekileyo. Njengomgaqo, iiklasi ngendlela, iinkqubo ngamnye kunye nenkxaso zonyango yobungcali bobabini abantwana kunye nabazali bazuze iziphumo ezibalulekileyo kwixesha elifutshane ixesha. Kakade ke, ukubethelela iziphumo kufuneka siqhubeke ukuba inxaxheba kwinkqubo ecetywayo ekhaya.

Russian Centre Scientific-Practical bePhysical Rehabilitation and Sports (Grossko Centre)

In Russia kukho amaziko ukuvuselelwa eziliqela. Centre Grossko e Moscow uyasebenza kwinkqubo ebanzi: bokwamkelwa kwabafundi ngoxilongo, kwaye ke umntwana ekhethekileyo ziingcali-ninabakhaphi yokunuyiselwa ngokwasemzimbeni. ukuvuselelwa Physical kwabantwana zedumbe lengqondo in Grossko Centre inika umzimba, ukudada, usebenzisa kunye simulators ezizodwa, ukuvumela ukuba baphuhlise izakhono motor kunye neendlela intshukumo ekhuselekileyo, uqeqesho kwi treadmill, ekhwele phezu izihlangu zam. Ngokutsho iziphumo lweemvavanyo eziqhutyiweyo iinkqubo zemfundo yokukhuza, ekubuyiselweni kweemfuno kunye umguli ethile encinane.

Iindleko kokuvuselelwa umntwana (CP) e Grossko Centre neze ezincinane. Umzekelo, ngokuba ulwamkelo lokuqala kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule 1,700 engange, kwaye iindleko iiseshoni 10 unyango emzimbeni (imizuzu 45-50) yi-30 amawaka. Thambisani. Enye intlanganiso nomntu owayendifundisa ukuthetha (ixesha imizuzu engama-30), kwakunye zokuthambisa (imizuzu 30-40 ngobungqina kagqirha) liya kuxabisa 1000 engange. Nakuba kunjalo, iziphumo kwizifundo ngokwenene, yaye kanye embindini Grossko liziko owaziwayo.

Russian Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology kunye zamathambo. R. R. Vredena

iziko Rehabilitation abantwana abaneCerebral Palsy ogama R. R. Vredena (RNIITO - Russian Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology kunye zamathambo) eSt Petersburg inika abathengi zayo uluhlu olupheleleyo lweenkonzo ukusuka sifo ngokwenza utyando, kuquka, Kakade ke, unyango kunye recovery. Xa nokulahlwa ziingcali kakhulu iziko kunye iminyaka emininzi yamava practical abangaphezu kwamashumi ofisi ngokupheleleyo-ngokwaneleyo.

Moscow Scientific and Centre Luncedo kwimo baBantu aBakhabazekileyo ngenxa zedumbe lengqondo

EMoscow SPC nokuvuselelwa abakhubazekileyo ngenxa zedumbe lengqondo njengenye yezona efikeleleka nabadumileyo. oogqirha Centre basebenza phantsi kweemeko emashumini ezimbalwa iinkqubo yesiqhelo, besebenzisa zonke izenzakalo zasekhaya ezintsha kwaye bafumane indlela umntu ukuba isigulane ngasinye. IZiko uthatha abantwana ukusuka kwiminyaka emithathu. Ukongeza ukwalathisa recovery ngokwasemzimbeni, kunye bengqondo izigulane ezincinane ababandakanyekayo, pathologists intetho, iingcali zononophelo lwempilo yokuthetha, masseurs zobungcali kunye konduktologi - ootitshala abasebenza ukusebenza abantwana kunye nabantu abadala kunye nezigulo CNS.

Institute of Conductive leMfundo kunye nokuvuselelwa therapy intshukumo e Budapest, Hungary

Kwimo yokuba umntwana okhubazekileyo (CP) kwi-Institute for kubo. A. Peto e Budapest - capital Hungarian - iziko, leyo zama ukufumana amakhulu iintsapho. Ukusekwa odume iingcali ebalaseleyo, esebenzisa zamvanje eziqhubekayo kunyango kwizigulane abaselula, kwakunye neziphumo ezibonakalayo, oya kufikelela abantwana abanedumbe lengqondo abapase ikhosi kwimeko yesiqhelo.

Zininzi nezinye amaziko kwimeko yesiqhelo kunye namaziko ezempilo, ngokuthwala kwisimo abantwana abanedumbe lobuchopho. E Moscow, umzekelo, liziko kokuvuselelwa abantwana abaneCerebral Palsy "Movement" iziko yesiqhelo "Yathetheka", Rehabilitation Centre "Ukoyisa" kunye nabanye. Amanye amaziko nazo ziyafumaneka simahla kwimo abantwana abanedumbe lobuchopho. Iintsapho nabantwana abakhubazekileyo kunye nokunika inkxaso kwimibutho wesisa ngokoluvo kunye namaziko zentlalo.