Berezina (umlambo): inkcazo kunye nembali. Berezina River emephini

Berezin - komlambo, nto leyo eyaziwa nje kuphela abantu Russian. Yena idweliswe kwimbali amadabi isiFrentshi, yaye eli lizwe uya kuyikhumbula logama nje khumbula nenjengele uNapoleon. Kodwa ke imbali yalo mlambo edibene namanye iziganeko nemisebenzi zomkhosi.

umlambo Belarusian Berezina description

Yeyona mlambo mde e Belarus, ubude bayo itotali km 613 yaye ummandla uwonke yonke isitya yi-24 500 km ^2. Berezin lilungelo isebe Dnieper. It asuka kummandla Vitebsk kwindawo mgxobhozo kufuphi nedolophu Dokshitsy akhabanayo ohambe uyekugcinwe kwindawo kwicala lasemzantsi. Amanzi ngendlela yeArabha Central Berezina, kufikwa kummandla Gomel , kwaye kufuphi kwilali Sloboda Coastal aqukuqela kungena Dnieper.

In kwithambeka kumzantsi-mpuma kummango Belarusian kukho isitya umlambo, loo nto ithathwa yomlambo kwe kwiBaltic kunye Black Seas. Emacaleni empuma nasentshona kulo yekhampasi okudada Pripyat imilambo Druts kunye avian. Ukususela echibini elingentla komlambo Western Dvina iphela kwaye iqhubeka umlambo Berezina. Kwimephu ungabona ukuba unalo elihle, umkhondo jiko. Ubunzulu lomlambo efikelela besukelana ukuya kwiimitha 7, kodwa avareji ngayo iyahluka ukusuka kwi 1.5 ukuya neemitha ezi-3. Ngaphesheya ijelo umlambo iingqameko, ngoko ayanda ukusuka leemitha 100 ukuya 300.

Ezi lomfula ezi engumnqantsa - meters 1-2, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ukuphakama yabo ukufikelela ukuya kwiimitha ezili-15. Ngokusisiseko, phezu kwamaxandeka ame yehlathi. Ukuphakama kwenye ibhanki ekunene idla ngaphezu ekhohlo. Berezina River (ifoto aboniswe kweli nqaku) yi emikhombeni, kodwa kuphela kwindawo encinane, malunga 500 km.

Kutheni umlambo ubizwa ngokuba "Berezina"

Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba igama weza evela elula amagama Russian ezinde. Kodwa ezinye imvelaphi na intandabuzo, kuba ukuba uthathe ingqalelo isimamva kulo igama lizwi kuvakala ngakumbi njenge Berezovka, Birch, njl Ngoko ke, kusenokwenzeka ukuba igama lomlambo usandul 'ukufika evela kolunye ulwimi, kodwa kwakhona ithetha belostvoloe emthini. Umzekelo, kwi kwiBaltic-Lithuanian "ezinde" iyalila "berzinis".

Kodwa kukho abo babeka phambili ingcamango yokuba igama elithi "Berezina" elidityaniswe ngeengcambu Balto-Slavic ukuba ixabiso "fast" (Lithuanian "burzdus;" Proto-Slavic "brz"), kwaye Russian kuvakala ngathi indibanisela "Greyhounds".

zokuhlala

Ecaleni kwebhedi mlambo zinokuthi loo mizi ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezifana Borisov, Berezino, Bobruisk kunye Svetlogorsk. Kukho kwakhona kwiilali eziliqela. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, i Berezino ifumaneka embindini lizwe phambi kwale ndawo isithuba staging kwindlela yorhwebo umlambo. Ngokuthe ngcembe, iziko evenkileni kunye kulendawo ukhula. Ngoko ke umlambo Berezina Berezino wadlala indima engundoqo inkangeleko mzi.

umfula Village

Emva kokuba kwidolophu Borisov armhole umlambo kuxhaphaka lwaba ayegqunyelelwe, ntlango engumgxobhozo. Apha ukuzinza iintlobo ezinqabileyo iintaka baye bafumana izilwanyana zasendle ekhaya. Kule ndawo kukho amabhere emininzi bison. Emva uhlaza Berezinsky Reserve phezu komlambo lifinyele yaye igcinwe kuphela apho elunxwemeni.

Tourism phezu komlambo

Berezin - emlanjeni, abaziintanda abahambi abaninzi. Kwiinyanga ezifudumeleyo, abakhenkethi thethane rhoqo kayaks, amaphenyane, kayaks, catamarans kunye namanye amajelo. Ukuba ulandela umlambo, unako iintlobo zolondolozo lwendalo kunye Biosphere Reserve. Ngomhla kweenxweme Berezina umbutho yokupaka yabakhenkethi. Kwakhona, umlambo linokufikeleleka emotweni yakhe.

Ukuloba Berezina

Umlambo igcwele iintlanzi. Apha ungafumana: tench, Pike, Roach, bream, zakhele kunye zeCARP. Kwakhona baphile apha iintlobo ezixabisekileyo: neKubhi, sisinkantazi, nase, trout, walleye, catfish kunye nase. Catch kuba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, njengoko umlambo uzele ziintlanzi. Ukuba kuyenzeka ukuba ezilumayo ayikho, kufuneka ukuba zizame iiseyile, ingeniso okanye indawo. amaxesha kuyenzeka ukuba abalobi ezimbini kubanjwa kokuloba elilandelayo, omnye uhamba, omnye emva komnye, kwaye eyesibini ayikho lucky, akazange nokuba bangakuchukumisi. Ukuba oku kwenzeka kuwe, zama ukufumana indawo yazo kunye nobunzulu.

Uphawu ngembali

Phakathi bendawo na lamandulo malunga River Berezina. Asixelela ukuba kwezi elunxwemeni sele udlule lidabi ebalulekileyo, kunye nomkhosi French ikhokelwa uNapoleon wahlulwa. Namhlanje, ntlokoma eli bali yaziwa ukuba abaninzi. Kodwa bambalwa uyazi ukuba Berezin - umlambo amadabi ezininzi zembali. Ngoko ke, ngo-1709 i-Swedish uKumkani Karl XII wafudukela umkhosi wakhe ngaphesheya komlambo woyiswa e Poltava. Kwakhona ngo-1920, kumgca phambi imfazwe eSoviet-Polish wafika Berezina. Kwaye ngo-1944, xa kwakukho War Patriotic, phezu komlambo laphumelela koyiswe enye amaqela aphambili waseJamani.

Nangona yokuba kwimbali kwenzeke amadabi amaninzi kwi-Berezina, edume kakhulu kokoyiswa uNapoleon.

War ne France

Iziganeko zenzeka ngexesha kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ngo-1812. UNapoleon emva kwedabi Red lihambe kunye nomkhosi wakhe ukuya eNtshona. Kutuzov nge emva kakhulu amajoni akhe. Kodwa ke ukubala kukuba uNapoleon sinamafu indlela Admiral Chichagin kunye nomkhosi wamajoni 25,000, ngubani oya kulandela ngecala lasezantsi ngasezantsi. Kwaye ukusuka emantla ukuya French phambili onamava Wittgenstein kunye nomkhosi ubalelwa 35,000.

Ukuqalela ngoNovemba 16, Chichagov akwazi ukuyilawula yonke indlela, ebihamba. Ngokutsho isicwangciso umyalelo Russian, ibe phezu Berezina umkhosi French kunye umlawuli yakhe igqojozwe. Ngeli xesha, uNapoleon owayekwimeko lithemba ngenxa yokuba ngoqwalaselo olukhulu ukususela macala onke, wafika Berezina River. Ngelo xesha, waba amawaka 40 amajoni zemfazwe. Malunga inani elifanayo kwalimala okanye bengaxhobanga. umkhosi French ndiyimfe.

UNapoleon Chichaginu wabonisa ukuba ulungiselela ukuthumela amajoni ayo ekwicala elingasemazantsi kwe kwidolophu Borisov. wempi Russian baqala ngamafuphi umkhosi wakhe kwibhulorho indawo olucetywayo. Ngeli xesha, uNapoleon wakha kwo kufuphi kwilali Studenka, apho lalikhona emantla Borisov.

Umlambo kangangokuba anengqele ice floes indiza kuyo. Ukuba phezulu entanyeni yakho emanzini, isiFrentshi wakha umkhombe wokuweza kangangeeyure. Abantu abaninzi bafa ngenxa yengqele. Novemba 26 Army waqala ukuwela. Russian General Chaplitsa ngamandla yakhe encinane wazama ukuyeka, ukudubula iibhulorho le ngemipu ezimbini. Vala akaba kuza, njengoko French zikhuselwe. Ekubeni umkhosi UNapoleon kaThixo ngenqanawa phantse ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Ngemini yesibini, xa yaseFransi bathi ngunga looding Chaplitsa, kufuphi Borisov walwa amajoni Vitgenshtena. Enye amaqela French yanikezela.

Kuphela ngoNovemba 28 e Battle of Berezina umlambo kwangenelela Chichagov. Kweli nqanaba, ubuninzi umkhosi French yakwazi ukuba awele ngenkuthalo zikhuselwe. Le napoleonovtsy eseleyo wazama ukuya elunxwemeni, amakhulu kubo bafa ukusetyenziswa kweziqhushumbisi.

Novemba 29 Wittgenstein wakwazi ukuphosa yonke imikhosi yazo kwisiza engundoqo edabini. Iintsalela yomkhosi uNapoleon kunye convoys ayikwazanga ukuwela, ngokuba iibhulorho atshiswe. Umkhosi French elahlekelwe amajoni ngaphezulu kwama-20 amawaka. Ke abafileyo kunye nabo nje balandela uNapoleon - ababuleweyo zamajoni (kuqukwa abafazi kunye nabantwana). Wafa nje kuphela iimbumbulu, abaninzi bhuxe ekufeni okanye antywiliselwe emlanjeni.

Le iilahleko umkhosi Russian ezo beziza kane ngaphantsi, kodwa, nangona oku, imfazwe njengento ukusilela. UNapoleon, lowo buyabanjwa, engakwazi ukuhamba uze ugcine inxalenye yomkhosi kumbamba e Vilna, Vilnius namhlanje. Isizathu sokuba leyo Chichagin.

Omabini imikhosi kubangelwa uloyiso yokuziphatha. Ngoko ke, enyanisweni waphumelela Russian, kodwa tactically waphumelela ekhohlo French. Averchenko wakubeka: "uNapoleon yaba uloyiso."

Berezina and French

Ngenxa yaloo imfazwe sibi kunye isiFrentshi, ingqiqo elitsha "Berezina". Lo mlambo, okanye mandithi igama layo liye laba negama zasekhaya kwaye isetyenziswa njenge "yintlekele", "intlekele" okanye "ntlekele".

Kwenzeka ntoni umkhosi uNapoleon? Loo nto inika umdla into yokuba phambi ngokoyiswa umkhosi French yayigqalwa Enkulu. Kodwa ngoku, kule mzuzu, yena phantse abasekho. Nangona uNapoleon waqhubeka nomkhankaso wakhe wamajoni, kwaye ngoku nempi yakhe eqhelekileyo, hayi ezoyikekayo ukuze. Ukususela ngoko uye bahlulwa enkulu kunye nokusilela.