Ngubani na uyise physics Soviet? Yemvelo idumileyo USSR

izifundo Scientific eSoviet Union wenziwe imihlambi. Abasebenzi amaziko ophando ezininzi kunye neelabhoratri baye basebenza imini nobusuku ukuze kungenelwe abantu abaqhelekileyo kunye nelizwe ngokubanzi. Academy of Sciences kuye ngenyameko ukuqinisekisa, njengokuba iteknoloji, ezoluntu, imathematika, ekhemisi, amagqirha, zebhayoloji, zejografi besika inkungu ukungaqiniseki.

Noko ke, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo wanikwa yemvelo.

amasebe physics

Eyona miba ibalulekileyo ukuba zazidla amalungelo abaninzi aerospace, moya, kwakunye nokudalwa ubuchwepheshe computer.

UYise physics Soviet

izazinzulu Famous kwimbali baba baninzi. Uluhlu othi "yemvelo idumileyo ye-USSR" ivula usekela-mongameli we Academy of Sciences waseUSSR, Academician Ioffe Abram Fedorovich. Izazinzulu ziye wadala isikolo odumileyo, leyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo nabagqibe eninzi bafundi abanetalente. Ngoko ke akukho ngozi Abram Fedorovich - yamachiza baziincamisa yiSoviet, omnye kwabo babiziweyo "ooyise" kwale nzululwazi.

-Nzulu elizayo wazalwa ngo-1880 e-Romny, kufuphi Poltava, kwintsapho yomthengisi. Xa elalini yakhe, wafumana imfundo yakhe ephakamileyo, ngo-1902 waphumelela St Petersburg Institute of Technology, kunye neminyaka emithathu kamva - University eMunich. Ikamva "nguyise physics eSoviet" wasivuna umsebenzi kanye Vilgelma Konrada Röntgen. Akumangalisi ukuba ngeminyaka oselula onjalo Abram Fedorovich wafumana isihloko Doctor of Science.

Emva kokuphumelela, wabuyela eSt Petersburg, apho waqalisa ukusebenza kwi Polytechnic Institute yasekuhlaleni. Sele 1911 ISAZINZULU wenza ukufunyanwa yokuqala ebalulekileyo - liqaphele intlawulo electron. umsebenzi professional ngokukhawuleza wenyuka, yaye ngowe-1913 wonyuselwa Professor Joffe.

1918 libalulekile yembali kukuba ngenxa yempembelelo sisazinzulu yavulwa Faculty Physico-Mechanical ye-Institute of Radiology isifundo. Ngexesha lo Joffe kamva wafumana isihloko sencwadi ka 'uyise eSoviet kunye atom Russian. "

Ukususela ngo-1920, yena - ilungu le-Academy of Sciences.

Ngexesha umsebenzi wakhe elide Joffe, iye yanxulunyaniswa kunye Petrograd Committee of Industry, Association of yemvelo, agrophysical izazinzulu Institute ekhaya e St. Petersburg, kwelebhu semiconductor.

Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II koko wabubhekisa ikhomishini lwetheknoloji emkhosini zobunjineli.

Ngowe-1942 laboratory Scientist lwaphembelela lokuvula, apho bafunda ngayo zenyukliya. Yayikumgama e Kazan. igama layo esemthethweni - "Laboratory №2 USSR Academy of Sciences."

Ngubani ubizwa ngokuba "nguyise physics eSoviet" ngakumbi rhoqo, ngoko Ioffe!

Akubi unjingalwazi-Oktobha 14, 1960 eSt Petersburg.

In memory of the kwengeniso Scientist enkulu, izikhumbuzo, umonakalo zokubhiyizela ziyabonakala. igama lakhe inikwa emhlabeni, isitalato, isikwere, isikolo in eWisconsin wakhe.

A ndawo enyangeni - kwiinkonzo

Ngubani ubizwa ngokuba "nguyise physics eSoviet", ngenxa yokuba lo ngomnye sisazinzulu obalaseleyo - Z Isaakovich Hope. Wazalwa Aprili 22, 1879 ngo Mogilev kwi igqirha usapho ngokwasengqondweni nepiyano.

Ukususela ebuntwaneni, i-Z oselula ingqalelo kwinzululwazi, ndandikuthanda ukufunda. Wafunda e Odessa kunye eStrasbourg.

Ngubani ubizwa ngokuba "nguyise physics Soviet '? Indoda benza konke okusemandleni le inzululwazi.

Mandel'shtam waqalisa umsebenzi lwenzululwazi e Moscow State University ukususela 1925. Ngenxa yemigudu izazinzulu, iyunivesithi kuqaliswe umsebenzi amandla emzimbeni zemathematika kunye emzimbeni.

Umsebenzi idumileyo ka Mandel'shtam yaba ukufunda kwelifu ukukhanya. Ngokuba imisebenzi enjalo Indian Isazinzulu Raman Chandrasekhar wafumana ibhaso le-Nobel. Nangona yena uthe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba yesayensi yiSoviet, wafumana oku phantse iveki ngaphambili.

Oku akuthethi ukuba sisazinzulu ngo-1944 eMoscow.

Ukukhunjulwa Mandel'shtam immortalized e kwengeniso, izikhumbuzo.

Wokuwonga elaa sisazinzulu ogama wentaba kwicala emva kwenyanga.

umbhali le ncwadi, owakhulayo isizukulwana ngaphezu kwesinye

Landsberg Gregory Samuilovich - lowo ubizwa ngokuba 'nguyise physics eSoviet. " Wazalwa ngo-1890 e-Vologda.

Ngowe-1908 yena waphumelela iimbeko ukusuka kwisikolo esiphakamileyo e-Nizhny Novgorod.

Ngowe-1913 waphumelela Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow State University. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngokumfundisa kule eyunivesithi.

Uphinde wasebenza eOmsk Agricultural, Moscow Institute Physical-yobugcisa Technical.

Ngowe-1923 waba ngunjingalwazi.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko - isifundo ngokukhanya kunye spectroscopy. Ndafumanisa ukuba indlela Uhlalutyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi aluminiyamu, apho ngo-1941 wawongwa Prize State.

Yena - umsunguli le Institute of Spectroscopy ye-USSR Academy of Sciences kunye School zohlalutyo atomic ecacicleyo.

Abantwana besikolo Gregory Samuilovich simkhumbula umbhali "incwadi physics samabanga aphantsi," zisekhona ukuphinda kukhutshwe waphinda iminyaka emininzi yayigqalwa kakhulu.

Oku akuthethi ukuba sisazinzulu eMoscow ngo-1957.

Winner ngo-1978 le-Nobel Prize yemvelo

UPyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa wazalwa Juni 26, 1894 ngo Kronstadt kwintsapho injineli emkhosini unocanda. emva kokugqiba isikolo Kronstadt, wangena St. Petersburg Polytechnic University kwi-Faculty of Electromechanics. Umlawuli lokuqala zenzululwazi-nzulu elizayo waba Abram Fedorovich Ioffe.

Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, Kapitsa waba phezu entsimini yokulwa njengevolontiya - wayesebenza umqhubi imoto zonyango.

Emva kwamabutho waqalisa ukusebenza ngo-X-reyi kwaye zeradiyoloji Institute, nayo umsebenzi wokuqala njengomsebenzi.

Ngowe-1921 waya uqeqesho olungaphezulu UK, e Cambridge, apho kwakukho umphathi wakhe ngokwakhe Ernest Rutherford.

Umphengululi nodumo weza uphando yakhe namasimi enamandla kagesi. Ngowe-1922, uPeter Leonidovich ubugqirha. Ngowe-1929, Kapitza yaba lilungu le-Royal Society of London. Ngelo xesha yena wonyulwa kwi engekho kwi-USSR.

Ngowe-1930, ilebhu lobuqu Kapitza yakhiwa.

Le Isazinzulu yafundwa kwilizwe lawo yaye ngokufuthi waya kutyelela unina kunye nezinye izalamane.

Ngowe-1934 waba utyelelo rhoqo. belingekawakhuphi Kodwa ndabuyela eNgilani Kapitsa kukuthi, becaphula uncedo yayo iintshaba angaphandle.

Kulo nyaka, physics, wamiselwa uMlawuli we-Institute of Physical Iingxaki. Ngowe-1935, wafudukela eMoscow yaye ukuba ziyisebenzise imoto yabucala. Kuye kwaqaliswa phantse nangoko ukwakhiwa elebhu, ezifana IsiNgesi. Inkxaso-mali yeprojekthi kwakungenzeki mda. Kodwa inzululwazi iye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuqatshelwe ukuba zeemeko kude ukuya IsiNgesi.

In 1940 yokuqala, umsebenzi ephambili Kapitza lwalujoliswe ekufumaneni ioksijini ulwelo.

Ngowe-1945 yena inxaxheba eSoviet projekthi iibhombu atomic.

Ngowe-1955 waba kwiqela yophuhliso Isathelayithi yokuqala eyenziwe ngumntu iplanethi yethu.

umsebenzi oqaqambileyo

Kuba umsebenzi "plasma kunye ezilawulwa mbawula reaction" ngo-1978, academician wafumana ibhaso le-Nobel.

UPyotr Leonidovich exelelwa amabhaso eziliqela kunye amabhaso. Igalelo lakhe inzululwazi kubalulekile ngokwenene.

It ingabi umphengululi odumileyo ngo-1984.

Ke kaloku, ukuba uyazi ababizwa 'zooyise physics eSoviet. "