Le khemikhali Ukubunjwa iiseli

Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba umzimba womntu awayesoloko asibhozo anesithandathu imiba lwezakhi. amacandelo engamashumi amabini anesihlanu eziyimfuneko ukuze siphile, elinesibhozo zazo kuyimfuneko, kwaye asixhenxe - ziluncedo.

Ezinjalo izinto iseli imichiza njengoko nitrogen kunye hydrogen, carbon neoksijini nokuhlala malunga ne-98% sobunzima bayo. Umxholo kwamanye amacandelo lincinane kakhulu. Umzekelo, nesulfure ekhoyo kwi-mali ka 0.15-0.2% kunye Iodine akhawunti ye% 0,000001 kuphela.

Iikhemikhali iiseli iquka molekyuli ezityebileyo, ii-asidi acid, iikhabhohayidrethi, iiprotheni, icarbon dioxide, ioksijini kunye namanzi. Nto layiva kakuhle, kwindalo engaphiliyo, zonke ezi amacandelo kunye yi ndawo.

asidi acid ifakiwe umchiza ukwakhiwa iiseli, kuba ngumqolo we-asidi ribonucleic kunye ideoxyribonucleic. DNA kunye RNA - abagcini genetic (ilifa) data.

Neeproteni zinika ubukho iiseli yaye, ukongeza, igalelo ekwenzeni imisebenzi yawo. iiproteni isibonda ufunyenwe kwisiqingatha ubunzima yeseli owomileyo.

Ezi zihlanganisi eliphezulu-ezinto iqanjwa asidi acid. Ngenxa kwiintambo emzimbeni nemichiza phakathi acid iiproteni zicwangciswe oyimbumba ngaphakathi kwi seli.

Primary Isakhiwo kwiproteni ivela njenge ntambo. Kamva (njengoko kuyondelelaniswe) ezavala lesibini (njenge a uwele), ngoko ke isakhiwo ephakamileyo, ezifana fibril (intambo) okanye globule (fashion). Xa yokudibanisa molekyuli eziliqela phakathi kwabo okanye ngokuhlanganisa ngokubanika iimolekyuli non-proteinaceous lwenzeka kumiswa koqeqesho. Hi xikombiso, le Isibomvisi kwakhiwa. It iqulethe globin (a iproteni) kunye necandelo heme nonprotein imvelaphi ayoni.

Ngokuhambelana nenjongo proteins zebhayoloji zahlulwe ngokweendidi ezintathu. Enzyme ziphantsi iqela lokuqala. Bona ehlanganisa zebhayoloji esizenzayo zeekhemikhali. Iqela lesibini liquka neurotransmitters, iihomoni, kunye nezinye neeproteni "ngqo". Xa iqela lesithathu iimolekyuli zezakhiwo. Kuba iyimfuneko uhlaziyo ndibuyise kuhlangani- kwi umchiza ukwakhiwa iiseli.

Inwebu luqulathe phospholipids (iimolekyuli ezityebileyo). Amafutha igalelo kulondolozo ubushushu, njengoko yokwambathisa ubushushu. Ngokubonakalayo ukubaluleka babo kumalungiselelo amanzi. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba xa ovuthayo kwekilogram amanqatha wafumana neekhilogram nekhulu grams yamanzi. Ngaphezu koko, la macandelo ezityebileyo zibandakanywa umchiza ukwakhiwa iiseli ngowona mthombo wamandla ufunwayo.

Eneji iveliswa kananjalo carbohydrate, ikakhulu glucose yaye Polymer yayo - glycogen. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ixabiso amandla fat izihlandlo ezintandathu ngaphezu koko of glycogen. Ngelo xesha koovimba yayo imisipha zesibindi amaxesha amathathu ngaphantsi.

Amanzi kwakhona zibandakanyiwe umchiza ukwakhiwa iiseli. Kufumaniseke ukuba nkqu lwawo (inyama inzima emzimbeni) iqulathe ezilishumi amanzi ekhulwini. Xa iiseli ezininzi kule akhawunti H2O ukuba asixhenxe ukuya asibhozo ekhulwini iiseli ithambo, amashumi amabini ekhulwini yayo.

Amanzi iyaziwa, kuphela iphela. Ngenxa inxaxheba H2O wenza thermotaxis. Kwakhona, oko kwenzeka zonke abasabela kwemichiza cellular. Water ichaza iipropati ezininzi emzimbeni. Umzekelo, wabeka luthambe, umthamo kunye nezinye iimpawu. Ukongeza, amanzi ngenkuthalo inxaxheba ekususweni mveliso zinetyhefu, izondlo ezothutho, ioksijini kunye nezinye izinto, oko kwenza ukuba ukutya.

Kwinkqubo soguqulo lwamandla iiseli ekubonelelwe mpilo. Kuyinto esinamandla arhente yendalo oxidizing. Enye lesiphelo-iimveliso ze internal yeselula na carbon dioxide.