Umda ukudidiyela igesi yendalo. iimpawu Physical ze gesi

Phantsi igesi yendalo ukuqonda irhasi umxube apheleleyo akhiwa kule izibilini zomhlaba yokubola kamva anaerobic kwezinto eziphilayo. Nguye yenye izimbiwa ibalulekileyo. Irhasi yendalo siyifumana izibilini planethi. Ezi kunokuba umntu okanye ezisebenzisanayo ikepusi igesi endle oyile, kodwa zimelwe ngohlobo carbohydrate igesi, crystalline karhulumente.

iimpawu ezinobungozi

Irhasi yendalo yaziwa ukuba phantse bonke abemi kumazwe, nkqu esikolweni, abantwana bafunda imithetho yokusebenzisa igesi ekhaya. Ngelo xesha, udubulo igesi yendalo - ingaqhelekanga. Kodwa ke ngaphandle koku, kukho inani yosongo izixhobo lula ezifana enikwe igesi yendalo.

Irhasi yendalo yityhefu. Nangona-methane methane hayi enetyhefu uhlobo yayo ecocekileyo, kunye uzibona Ukwanda umntu kufumana ukutsarhwa ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu ebusuku, ngexesha bubuthongo.

Limit kuqhume igesi yendalo

Xa wadibana umoya, okanye mandithi icandelo layo - oksijini, igesi yendalo ukwenza ukucupha umxube olunokutsha esinokubangela ukwanda ngamandla amakhulu nkqu umthombo umlilo incinane, ezifana ube yintlantsi okanye idangatye kwimidlalo iintambo zombane, amakhandlela. Ukuba ubunzima irhasi yendalo liphantsi kakhulu, yaye akayi kuba phezulu ubushushu ucinezelo, kodwa amandla iziqhushumbisi kuxhomekeke uxinzelelo onesiphumo umxube yengcinezelo eliphezulu ukwakheka air-igesi, amandla kokukhona ivuthe.

Nakuba kunjalo, phantse wonke umntu ebomini bakhe awajamelana ubuncinane kanye nge kuqhume igesi, ukubonwa yi ivumba kwayo, ukanti akukho neziqhushumbisi yenzekile. Isibakala sokuba irhasi yendalo ingadubula kuphela xa olinganise ezithile mpilo. Kukho umda ezisezantsi neziphezulu Uyadubula.

Xa sele iphumelele kaYehaleleli igesi yendalo (methane-5%), ngamanye a xi eyaneleyo ukuze siqalise indlela yokutsha, dubulo zingenzeka. Ukunciphisa xi uya kuphelisa ithuba ucinezelo. Kwemfuneko manqaku aphezulu (15% methane), kwakhona akukho akwenzeki ukuqala indlela yokutsha, ngenxa yokunqongophala umoya, okanye mandithi - oksijini.

gas Khawula zivutha kwanda kongeza uxinzelelo umxube, kwaye ukuba umxube iqulethe irhasi egalelwe, umzekelo nitrogen.

² до 12 кгс/см ² . uxinzelelo Gas olusezimbizeni zinokohluka ukusuka 0.05 kgf / cm ² ukuya ku-12 kgf / cm ^2.

Umahluko phakathi uqhushumbo ovuthayo

Nangona efika kuqala kubonakala ukuba uqhushumbo ukutshisa - ezimbalwa izinto ezahlukeneyo, enyanisweni, ezi nkqubo ezifanayo. Umahluko kuphela phakathi kwabo - oko ubunzulu basabela njani. Ngexesha dubulo kwi kwigumbi okanye kuyo nayiphi na indawo apha indlela kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Iliza detonation Ukhuthaza ngeqondo izihlandlo eziliqela ngaphezu kwezantya nesandi: ukusuka 900 ukuya kuma- 3000 m / s.

Ekubeni methane lisetyenziswa igesi Mcetywa yasekhaya - igesi yendalo, isixa oksijini olufunekayo ucinezelo, oko kuxhomekeke kwakhona ulawulo jikelele.

amandla eliphezulu siyifumana dubulo, ukuba oksijini langoku isondlo esaneleyo ngenxa yokutsha epheleleyo. Kwakhona abekhona kunye nezinye iimeko: xi igesi ehambelana nendawo umda ucinezelo (umda osezantsi ngasentla, kodwa ngaphantsi liphezulu) kunye nomthombo umlilo ekhoyo.

I jet of gas ngaphandle ubumdaka ioksijini, ngamanye badlule kumlinganiselo ucinezelo liphezulu engena umoya alitshise ilangatye ngcembe, phambi yokutsha Ukhuthaza ngesantya ka 0,2-2,4 m / s kwi xi eqhelekileyo womoya.

iimpawu zegesi

iipropati Detonation kuvela hydrocarbon iparafini uphawu ukusuka methane ukuya hexane. isakhiwo Ezinto ubunzima molekyuli ezimiselwe zabo octane Inombolo: iipropati detonation kuwa zinciphise ubunzima omzimba kwakunye nokwandisa inani octane.

Le Ukwakhiwa kwegesi yendalo ibandakanya eminye hydrocarbon. Wokuqala - methane (formula iikhemikhali CH _4). iimpawu Physical ze gesi zezi zilandelayo: enemibala emihle, ilula komoya kwaye akukho ivumba. Kuyinto olunokutsha, kodwa pretty ekhuselekileyo kwindawo yokugcina, ukuba ziyathotyelwa ngokupheleleyo kunye nokhuseleko. Methane (C ₂ H ₆₎ Kwakhona ezingenambala kwaye ayinavumba, kodwa kancinane sinzima phezu komoya. Kuyinto olunokutsha, kodwa isetyenziswa amafutha.

Propane (C ₃ H ₈₎ - igesi enetyhefu into enemibala kwaye ayinavumba, ekwaziyo kwegesi noxinzelelo eliphantsi. Lo msebenzi osemqoka uluncedo ikuvumela ukuba ngokukhuselekileyo kuphela ukuthutha propane, kodwa izahlule umxube kunye nezinye hydrocarbon.

Butane _(C-4 H _10): iipropati eziphathekayo ezifana nerhasi propane, Noko ke, ukuxinana yawo ephezulu, kunye butane ubunzima onzima kabini komoya.

eziqhelekileyo

Carbon dioxide (CO ₂₎ Kwakhona yinxalenye zendalo. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze gesi banolwazi, mhlawumbi, yonke into akuthethi bajoje, kodwa incasa kuphawu ubumuncu. Ifakiwe kuthotho zegesi kunye zinetyhefu encinane kakhulu kwaye wahlukile (ngaphandle helium) igesi noncombustible iqanjwa zendalo.

Helium (yena) - igesi ukukhanya kakhulu, emva kokuba hydrogen yesibini ezingenambala kunye esha. Kuyinto egalelwe kakhulu kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo nako azithethelele nayiphi na into ayikho inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokutsha. Helium sikhuselekile, ubuthi, xa iingcinezelo ophakamileyo, kunye nezinye iigesi egalelwe engena umntu ukuya kwimo zomzimba.

Emanzini (H ₂ S) - igesi ngaphandle ngebala livumba uphawu amaqanda abolileyo. I enzima kunye ezinobungozi kakhulu, oku kungabangela ukuqgiba nemithambo ukukhubazeka nokuba kungomlinganiselo omncinci. Ngaphandle mda zivutha yerhasi yendalo ebanzi kakhulu, ukususela 4.5% ukuya 45%.

igesi ezifanayo

Kukho hydrocarbon ezimbini ngaphezulu ukuba ukusetyenziswa kufutshane igesi yendalo, kodwa amalungu ayo zingafakwanga. Ethylene (C ₂ H ₄₎ - efanayo ngezakhiwo-methane, onengubo ivumba elithozamisayo kwaye na irhasi enemibala. It-methane ibonisa ezixineneyo ezincinane LINGATSHA.

Iasithilini (C ₂ H ₂₎ - enemibala igesi Uyadubula. Yena edubulayo olunokutsha kakhulu, ukuba kukho yindibanisela olomeleleyo. Ngenxa yale iasithilini yingozi ukusebenzisa kubomi bemihla ngemihla, nkolelo iyafana esetyenziselwa iwelding.

Ukusetyenziswa hydrocarbon

Njengoko ipetroli zegesi asekhaya asetyenziswayo methane.

Propane, kunye butane zisetyenziswa zibe kukudla iimoto (umz, gqith) kunye propane lwepetroliyam utyholwa lighter.

Kodwa methane azifane isetyenziswa amafutha, injongo yayo ephambili kwishishini - kumalungiselelo ethylene, evela ehlabathini kukuninzi, enyanisweni loo nto ekrwada eziphathekayo ukuze polyethylene.

Iasithilini isetyenziselwa kwiimfuno zoshishino, oko onokufikelela lobushushu eliphezulu ukuwelda kunye ukusika zesinyithi. Ekubeni olunokutsha kakhulu, loo nto ayinakusetyenziswa njenge amafutha, kunye nokugcinwa kuyimfuneko gas ukuthotyelwa ngqongqo imiqathango.

Nangona emanzini kwaye linetyhefu ibe ncinci kakhulu kusetyenziswa amayeza. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-iibhate emanzini, ogama umsebenzi isekelwe phezu iimpawu magciwane hydrogen sulphide.

Eyona luncedo impahla helium - mninzi esezantsi. Le igesi nekuza kusetyenziswa xa zibhabha phezu iibhaluni kunye airships, zimana zibhabha ukugcwalisa iibhaluni, ethandwayo phakathi kwabantwana. Ukudumba irhasi yendalo ayikwazi ukuba: Uthe ayinasibane, ukuze ungakwazi ngaphandle koloyiko ubushushu phezu umlilo evulekileyo. Hydrogen coterminous ne helium kwi lwezakhi, ngokulula kakhulu, kodwa ezinokutsha. Helium kuba irhasi kuphela ngaphandle eziqinileyo phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko.

Imiqathango ukusebenzisa igesi kwelo khaya

Umntu ngamnye osebenzisa izixhobo zegesi, kunyanzelekile ukuba uqeqesho ngokhuseleko. Elinomthetho wokuqala - esweni serviceability bezixhobo, hlale khangela idrafti itshimini kunye, ukuba kubonelelwe yophambuko lweemveliso yokutsha kwi sixhobo. Emva kokuba uvale esi sixhobo igesi kwezivalo kufuneka ivalwe ize ivale ivalve kwi etankini, ukuba kukho into enjalo. Ukuba ngesiquphe kuphazamiseka igesi ubize umthengisi irhasi kufuneka ngoko nangoko xa imibuzo.

Ukuba eflethini okanye kwelinye igumbi ivumba kwegesi, kufuneka uyeke nangoko naluphi na uhlobo lokusebenzisa izixhobo azibandakanyi izixhobo, vula ifestile okanye i window ukuba umoya, uze ushiye indawo ubize neenkonzo zikaxakeka (yomnxeba 04).

Imiqathango ukusebenzisa igesi kweli khaya kubalulekile ukuba agcine, ngenxa yokuba lo ukungasebenzi encinane kunokukhokelela nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.