Lo kaloliwe mde ehlabathini. Ukusuka eChina Madrid

NaLindiili yokuqala zikaloliwe zakhiwa phantse amabini eminyaka eyadlulayo. Namhlanje uhambo nditsho super mihla-high speed Uloliwe - hayi indlela fastest ukujikeleza umhlaba, kodwa isahleli kakhulu lula kwaye ikhuselekile. A eJozi kaloliwe iya kuba elide uhlobo engundoqo urhwebo phakathi kwamazwe nemimandla. inethiwekhi Kwaphuhliswa w / iindlela e, kuquka kaloliwe mde ehlabathini, leyo kudala ingqalelo Trans-Siberian Railway - prerequisite nayiphi na inkqubela mmandla kuphuhliswa ngokwezoqoqosho kwaye lonke uqoqosho lwehlabathi.

ulwazi zembali

Emva kwexesha elifutshane kakhulu emva eNgilane ngo-1825 yavulwa kwindlela kwingoma kaloliwe uluntu lokuqala kuye kwacaca ukuba le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo ukuthutha iimpahla nabantu. Kololiwe zehlabathi waqalisa bamthiyele web kaloliwe emhlabeni. Inani lengoma ebekwe yaba ngokucacileyo ibonisa inqanaba lophuhliso loqoqosho kweli lizwe kunye namandla, kuquka emkhosini.

Empire Russian ngokuthobela ngokupheleleyo kusini na nomlinganiswa yesizwe uhlanga titular elide isetyenziswe ukuze uthathe imithwalo elide owaya. Nangona ikhonkco yokuqala kaloliwe phakathi kwezahlulo zemali eyinkunzi St. Petersburg Pavlovsk dacha lasekwa ngo-1837, ngokusebenza zikaloliwe eRashiya elide iye eqhelekileyo ngenxa ngabikho.

feat National

Ezicacileyo kwendawo Russian babelawula imfuneko yophuhliso olukhawulezisiweyo yothungelwano kaloliwe - kwacaca ukuba reactionaries umva kurhulumente yasebukhosini. NgoMeyi 1891, indlalifa etroneni, umbusi elizayo lokugqibela, uNicholas II ngokobuqu qongqololo ilizwe ikiriva kwi isiseko kaloliwe kufuphi Vladivostok. Kunye nokwakhiwa kwicandelo esempuma Trans-yaseSiberia. Ukuba ngo-1904 i-uloliwe wokuqala waya kunxweme Atlantic Vladivostok, kwathatha lokwaba imali kunye nemikhosi yabantu.

Umgama ukusuka eYurophu ukuya Russian Far East into yokuba emva ekugqityweni kokwakhiwa eRashiya ekugqibeleni baya wayiguqula kaloliwe mde ehlabathini. Ukwakhiwa indlela Enkulu aseSiberia, yayiyintoni igama emendweni yokuqala, abaninzi umnxeba (ingakumbi ngexesha nemibhiyozo kumsitho intshukumo lokuvula) feat joint olunye yabantu Russian, simanyene ukuze kufikelelwe isiphumo kunye injineli ephambili, yaye kulula-navvy. Ukususa bokubanga okungeyomfuneko, lungafumaneka kwi ekuvunyweni isixa esikhulu inyaniso.

Trans-Siberian Railway

Ngokusemthethweni Transsib yagqitywa xa icandelo betreki yakhiwa ukusuka eChelyabinsk Vladivostok, kodwa ngokutsha yathatha ixesha elide kakhulu. Zibhalwe nembasa kwisikhululo sikaloliwe Yaroslavl eMoscow ubude Trans-Siberian Railway - 9298 km. Ngo-2012, phezu umbane epheleleyo Trans-aseSiberia Railway, yaye namhlanje uloliwe ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Vladivostok 6 kuphela iintsuku kunye neeyure-13.

uhlobo Russian abakwazi ukushiya nkqu ingqiqo ngokungqongqo prosaic kunye noqoqosho ezingaphiliyo. uhambo olude iziporo Russian - ayikho nje intshukumo kwisithuba, oko ukunyanzela nabani na, isishiya iimvakalelo ezinzulu. kaloliwe wehlabathi inde - i-Trans-Siberian Railway - Heroine yemibongo eziliqela kunye neetekisi iprowuzi lweendidi ngeendidi ezahlukeneyo oko baqamba iingoma wenze iimovie.

The Great Silk Road

China iye phambili ukukhula koqoqosho elide. Ingeniso, ubudlelwane kwezoqoqosho, yezopolitiko, yezentlalo, kunye noluntu e China owayephila ne-Russia naseYurophu kufuneka iseke umthamo omkhulu iindlela zonxibelelwano. Kololiwe yehlabathi kunye Europe babe yinxenye ebalulekileyo yale nkqubo.

izithethe Historical ekunxibelelaneni noosomashishini ezininzi mihla nabezopolitiko zibonwa ehlahla ngokusekelwe kwi Silk Road mihla, eyaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Le imizila yokudibanisa East naseYurophu ixesha elide kwaba ngamandla enkulu kubonakaliswe ukusasazwa ngokubanzi European Orientalism e fashion, ecikizekileyo, ubugcisa isicelo. Chinoiserie - yase Chinese, iye yaba egwebayo ngenxa ikhondo labazobi eYurophu, abalimi kunye abahombisa kwi Ekuveleni XVII kunye XVIII eminyaka - ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuba kwemizamo yobuqhawe lamaKanan, kukhokelela imiqodi osisityebi China.

indawo ebaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho

Kuqoqosho namhlanje, icandelo yezothutho China i-kubalulekile. Imfuneko ukuqhagamshela kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni kunye kwiziko kwezoshishino kunye noqoqosho, imfuno kakhulu kwezothutho interstate wenza China inkokeli kwishishini kaloliwe. Ubude iziporo, leyo yisa uloliwe-the-art, ngalo lonke ixesha.

Ngo-2012 kuye kwavulwa kwindlela nomgaqo kaloliwe entsha esuka Beijing Guangzhou. capital yaseTshayina sisixeko ezinkulu kumazantsi eli lizwe libotshelelwe isebe inde nesantya ehlabathini. Kuyo ngesantya se-300 km / h luya nemixube super ekhululekile yaye enokuthenjwa ndalicutha kathathu ixesha elichithwa kule ndlela ngaphambili. zikaloliwe ezinkulu ihlabathi ohamba kule ndlela lophuhliso.

Madrid - Yiwu

Namhlanje, ukuze lokuzisa iimpahla ukusuka eTshayina ukuya eYurophu, musa kufuneka iinyanga ezininzi yokuhamba eyingozi nangeenkamela namahashe eziliqela kwiindledlana nemixawuka. Kodwa kufuneka uchithe imali enkulu. Nomnqweno wokwenza ukuba le ndlela wokuzila, luyakhuphisana kwaye zithembeke Chinese amema ixesha elide, ukumema ngentsebenziswano kunye neengcali Russian.

Ekupheleni kuka-2014 e-China eyenziwa ngokunzulu, yaye e Madrid iintsuku 21 wadibana uloliwe, baboyisa indlela esixekweni Chinese ka Yiwu, kubekwe phezu kunxweme wePasifiki. Ukususela ekuqaleni umsebenzi ubude kaloliwe lide malunga 13.000 km ehlabathini. Nangona imeko yakhe akavumeli ukuseka intshukumo obutofotofo oololiwe abasetyenziswa luluntu, kunye Uloliwe sicatshulwa ixhomekeke kakhulu kwimozulu kunye nezinye izinto zasekuhlaleni, singatsho ukuba uphuhliso kuthungelwano lwezothutho lwehlabathi singene entsha, isigaba ngayo yophuhliso.