Lo mbongo "Requiem" (Anna Akhmatova). "Requiem": imbali yendalo

Anna Andreevna Ahmatova - enye kwiimbongi inkulu kwinkulungwane yama-20. Lo mfazi, ogama unyamezelo kunye nokuzinikela imangaliseke eRashiya. abasemagunyeni eSoviet wathabatha indoda yakhe yokuqala uze unyana wakhe, imibongo zayo balelwa, kwaye ucofe oluhambelana intshutshiso yakhe. Kodwa akukho Ooyeha ayiphumelelanga ukwaphula umoya wayo. Uvavanyo ukuba yawa isabelo sakhe, kuthwelwe kwakhe okusebenzayo Akhmatova. "Requiem", ibali kwendalo kunye nohlalutyo eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku, waye ingoma nenkuku yamanzi wembongi.

Ingcamango mbongo

Kwintshayelelo umbongo Akhmatova wabhala ukuba ingcamango imveliso enjalo Yavuka ebudeni "xesha Yezhov", apho wachitha in Ufolo entolongweni, efuna intlanganiso kunye nonyana wakhe. Lwakuba nje bafunda, kwaye omnye wabo wabuza ukuba Akhmatova wakwazi ukuchaza ukuba kwenzeka ntoni macala. Imbongi wathi: "ndinako." Ukususela ngoko wazalwa ingcamango sombongo, ngokutsho Akhmatova ngokwakhe.

"Requiem", ibali kwendalo yayo ezinxulumene ezinzima kakhulu kule minyaka kubantu Russian, yena ubunzima umbhali. Ngowe-1935 wabanjwa imisebenzi anti-yiSoviet ye unyana ka-Anna Akhmatova kunye Nikolaya Gumileva - Lev Gumilyov. Waza Anne Andreevne wakwazi ngokukhawuleza ukukhupha unyana wakhe ngokubhala ileta eya Stalin ngokobuqu. Kodwa ke ngo-1938, zilandelwa ukubanjwa yesibini, ngoko Gumilev Jr. wagwetywa iminyaka eli-10. Kwaye ukubanjwa yokugqibela, emva kokuba isigwebo sokufa, reference saba kamva yenziwa ngo-1949. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva Lev Gumilyov ke kwisimo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye iintlawulo ukuba ayinasihlahla.

Akhmatova umbongo "Requiem" bazise bonke abo ke zenimba ukuba ekhutshwe le minyaka eyoyikekayo wembongi. Kodwa kuphela yintlekele usapho kuboniswa kwimveliso. Oku ivakalisa intlungu bonke abantu babandezeleka kwelo xesha yoyikekayo.

Umgca wokuqala

Ulwandlalo wabonakala ngo-1934. Kodwa ke umjikelo ombambazelayo, ukudalwa leyo kwakucetyiwe kwasekuqaleni kunye Akhmatova. "Requiem" (imbali yendalo engumxholo wethu) yaba mbongo kamva, ngowe-1938-40, ngokulandelelana. Kugqitywe umsebenzi sele 50.

Kule minyaka ingama-60 umbongo 20, eyapapashwa samizdat, bafumana ithandwa enkulu kwaye kwadluliselwa ukusuka kwesinye isandla. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-mveliso yavalwa. Kuninzi unyamezele ukugcina umbongo wakhe, Akhmatova.

"Requiem": imbali indalo - ncwadi yokuqala

Ngowe-1963, umbhalo walo mbongo ufumana amazwe. Apha Munich, imveliso yokuqala eshicilelwe ngokusemthethweni. naziphi Russian siqonde umbongo, nencwadi le mibongo iyakuvuma imbono ngayo italente zemibongo uAnny Andreevny. Noko ke, umbhalo ngokupheleleyo "Requiem" yakhululwa kuphela ngo-1987, apho iphinde yapapashwa magazini "Oktobha".

analysis of

Umxholo wombongo Akhmatova kaThixo "Requiem" - ukubandezeleka umntu kusapho lwakho, ubomi bakhe ubunzima esikalini. Product ibandakanya yemibongo ebhalwe kwiminyaka ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa bonke sandi united buhlungu ezilusizi eyenziwe sele kwisihloko mbongo. Requiem - a isiqwenga umculo elungiselelwe le nkonzo yesikhumbuzo.

Xa iprozi sandulela Akhmatova uthi lo msebenzi ebhalwe Isicelo yomnye umntu. Akuzange izithethe emiselwe yi Pushkin ne Nekrasov. Oko kukuthi, umyalelo ukwenziwa umntu oqhelekileyo, yoncedo intando yabantu, uthi orientation oluntu yomsebenzi wonke. Ngoko ke, abalinganiswa mbongo - bonke abantu ababekunye naye phantsi "udonga ebomvu abakwaziimfama." Imbongi wabhala intlungu yakhe nje kuphela, kodwa ukubandezeleka bonke abantu. Ngoko ke, lyric yayo "Mna" uguqulwe enkulu-isikali and comprehensive "thina."

Polyphony kunye ezininzi "Requiem" (Ahmatova) Umxholo mbongo kunye yachonga ezi mpawu. umfundi mnogogeroynosti Ngenxa uyayiva ekhala kwaye uziva lihlwili ngaphezu komntu omnye yaye onke amaxhoba.

Inxalenye yokuqala kumbongo, trehstopnym anapaest ebhaliweyo icebisa lwemveli orientation yayo. Nemifanekiso (ngesifingo, igumbi eliphezulu elimnyama, abanjwe, ezifana nokususwa zomzimba) ukwakha umoya sobunyani yezembali kunye ubuyele kumaxesha amandulo: ". Mna, njengokuba umfazi omncinane Royal" Ngenxa yoko, ukuhlupheka livusa baba nengcinga njenge labuna, eziqhelekileyo abafazi nkqu kule minyaka uPetros.

Isigaba sesibini bomsebenzi, chetyrehstopnym ekungqungqeni ebhaliweyo, njengee isimbo lullaby. Heroine akusekho buhlungu kwaye bedanduluka, yena uzolile kwaye esithintelweyo. Nangona kunjalo, lo ukuthobeka ngengqondo, ngaphakathi ayanda impambano lokwenene bangayi nosizi. Ekupheleni inxalenye yesibini iingcinga zam zonke lamalela ombambazelayo, ugalelwe uyibamba ngokupheleleyo.

Luvuthondaba imisebenzi wayeyintloko "Ku ukufa." Apha umlinganiswa ophambili ukulungele kufa nangayiphi na indlela ezandleni ngozi, izifo, "iqokobhe". Kodwa akukho ndahlukane nonina, yaye yena Petrified ngokoqobo nentlungu.

isiphelo

Akhmatova umbongo "Requiem" uthwele intlungu nokubandezeleka abantu Russian. Kwaye abanamava kuphela kwinkulungwane yama-20, kodwa bonke kwinkulungwane edluleyo. Akhmatova ibonakala nge obungamaxwebhu ngqo yobomi bakhe, wathi eRashiya elidlulileyo, nomnikelo walo wokudla kunye elizayo.