Lomhlaba yehlathi Russia

indawo Russian kumba kakhulu. Lelona likarhulumente likhulu yi ndawo. amazwe zaso malunga namawaka neekhilomitha ezilishumi elinambini ukusuka entshona ukuya empuma. Imozulu kunye nomhlaba kweli lizwe zahluke kakhulu. Imozulu - ukusuka arctic ngqwabalala ukuya sehlathi. Lomhlaba, bona - kukugodola ngekhephu koozintlango ibandayo apha ngasentla ukuba Ngosi semi-kwintlango engasezantsi.

emathafeni zone

Ngokuxhomekeke zocando lwemida kunye neemeko zemozulu kweli lizwe, i-inshorensi umhlaba owenzeka ngayo texture eyahlukileyo nokuchuma.

indawo Russian wohlulwe kulandelayo iindawo zendalo :

• intlango Arctic;
• emathafeni;
• ihlathi-emathafeni;
• hlathi;
• broadleaf kunye namahlathi ezahlukeneyo ;
• emathafeni;
• emathafeni;
• entlango;
• efudumeleyo.

iindawo kangangoko ukwenzela iinjongo zezolimo zithathwa kwimimandla zehlathi emathafeni, emathafeni kunye efudumeleyo.

Emathafeni zone luphawulwa alternation amazwe amahlathi kunye emathafeni. Kule ndawo kukho bazipheka-podzol, Marsh, izimvi ihlathi ashed, ilukhothayo ityuwa kunye nemihlaba boqobo emnyama.

umhlaba Forest kunye nokudaleka

Emahlathini-emathafeni - ummandla wendalo ibekwe phakathi ehlathini emathafeni lwemida zone. ummandla emathafeni asuka phesheya East European Plain kunye inxalenye West Siberian Plain, kwakunye ngalo kwintsimi Urals Southern. Ezinye iindawo yehlathi ibekwe ngaphakathi Pannonian Plain.

umhlaba ihlathi Russian kwasekwa inkqubo elide zomjikelo lomhlaba-bokwakha. Ukuqalisa ukuyilwa lommandla enxulumene nexesha ukuvalwa xesha glacial. KwiMpuma Yurophu kunye ihlathi indawo Western eSiberia abunjwe kakuhle kwaye bejonge ukusuka empuma kuye entshona wahlulwe kwiingingqi ezintathu: eMpuma Ekude, eSiberia naseMpuma.

iimpawu zomhlaba hlathi ezahlukeneyo kumafa yabo imvelaphi, na, ke, ligqiba ulondolozo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu yezolimo kunye Okukodwa yayo.

Ihlathi-emathafeni - ngumthombo qhinga Russia

Le ndawo iyonke le zone malunga nezigidi 150 eehektare, okanye malunga-7% yendawo iyonke karhulumente. iimeko zemozulu kuchaphazela umlinganiswa lommandla into olunjani lomhlaba ehlathini alawule, ngokuxhomekeke imvula, ubushushu kunye nohlaza. iimeko zemozulu kwi utshintsho ehlathini ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi, linophawu olucacileyo lomahluko zephondo, nto leyo ebonisa indlela umhlaba emathafeni Russia inokuba nomahluko kakhulu kwinkangeleko kunye nokufaneleka. Iintlobo zomhlaba efakwe kwi ikhoyo wamatye. Ubukho wamatye maleko iisentimitha ngaphantsi kwe amabini kugqalwa umqondiso kwimihlaba abahluphekayo. Ngaphezulu kwamashumi amane - umhlaba kucingwa ukuba ufanelekile ukuba ukuziphatha kwezolimo.

Kwindawo enkulu komhlaba ofanelekileyo iwela emathafeni Russian. Imihlaba ye-ndawo elinywayo ukuya asibhozo ekhulwini. Ngenxa ukuchuma ephakamileyo kunye nomgquba layer ukuba uninzi lwabantu izityalo ezilinywa. Kuba umhlaba engundoqo inxalenye cereals ihlathi intle. Kule zone, ingqolowa, irye, umbona, buckwheat. ukulinywa kwezityalo zoshishino ngokwaneleyo kuphuhliswa: zikajongilanga, beet, ukudlwengula oilseed.

Formation kunye neentlobo imihlaba kwindawo ehlathini-emathafeni kweli lizwe

Umhlaba Ihlathi eqalisiweyo iimeko lokukhula kwamahlathi kunye amadlelo.

zone ihlathi cover Soil lasekwa ngo nokubola zezityalo zeentsalela amatyholo kunye zengca imithi. Zokubasa sihlahla kwimimandla agrocenoses eziliqela intsimi yaye ifikelela ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-100 ukuya-500 ngehektare nganye, ngokuxhomekeka kubudala emthini. On ehlathini kwiintsalela umhlaba hlathi ngonyaka ifumana ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-2 ukuya kuma-30 kwihektare lomba owomileyo eliquka ukusuka ngeekhilogram ezingama-50 ukuya 700 nganye ngehektare ash abameleyo nganye. Ubutyebi sihlahla kwiintsalela nitrogen (50-85 kg / ha) kunye calcium (70-95 kg / ha) imisela ukufumaneka iimeko ezilungileyo ukuyilwa yemihlaba echumayo.

Xa iindawo osemantla lommandla yehlathi-emathafeni ye-inshorensi lomhlaba i ichazwa amahlathi becala zingwevu, leached kwaye podzolized chernozems. Kwimihlaba ehlathini gray lwenziwa ezolimo olunzulu. 55% yendawo elinywayo, kodwa umhlaba omnyama - malunga ne-40%.

Xa ndee ezingxingweni, imiqadi, misinga kunye sizizifanya, ngaphandle komhlaba close (1.2 yeemitha), benziwa wamatye lomhlaba glei kunye wapheka glei phakathi pratensis engcotyeni kunye amatyholo. Zisebenziselwa hayfields kunye namadlelo.

Kwiindawo plain kwingingqi lomhlaba eliphakathi kwaye silnosmytyh akuthethi ngaphezu kwe-5%, lo gama ezisezintabeni kutsho kuma-20% okanye ngaphezulu.

Xa iindawo elisemazantsi yehlathi, imihlaba emikhulu yezolimo ikakhulu ibekwe chernozems leached kunye ekuso. Kulinywa malunga ne-87% yendawo komhlaba iyonke. Ubuninzi umhlaba olimekayo kubekwe ethambekeni nokuthantamisa. ukhukuliseko olubangwa ngamanzi Strong baboniswa malunga amashumi amathathu ekhulwini umhlaba olimekayo, ukuya kutsho 40-50% yomvuzo kwezinye iindawo ezithile.

Nokwehla ukuchuma komhlaba - sisihelegu elizayo

Ukuhla namandla ukuchuma komhlaba abamnyama kunegalelo unciphiso esisigxina kwezondlo. Isizathu soku ulimo kakhulu. A ukuhla ebukhali kokuqulathwe zomhlaba wamatye ukwandisa ingxinano emzimbeni, kukwehla isakhiwo kunye neempawu ebonakalayo amanzi-unyango ngenxa enzima oomatshini basefama.

ihlathi Soil Russia namhlanje kwinkqubo kakhulu kwezolimo abangaphezu kwe-30% ithe ayaba ukuchuma yayo. Le nkqubo kuthathwa vuhlayiseki. Ukwenziwa omnye sentimitha ongaphezulu kuthatha malunga 125-400 ubudala endle. Umonakalo owenziwe abantu, yeyabahlali. Kamva, akaba nakugcinwa ubudlelwane efanelekileyo loovimba qhinga belizwe yelizwe aphazanyiswa eziphila wendalo. Oku kuya kukhokelela yokuduka umhlaba ochumileyo kule minyaka 40-50 ezayo. Ngethemba, le uluntu esisilumko olwamkelweyo ayisayi kuvumela ntlekele enjalo ukuze ehlabathini ukusukela imali enkulu.