Longquzulwano eQhelekileyo yaseMpuma kunye West: oonobangela ye Cold War nemiphumo yayo

Emva kokugqitywa omnye iimfazwe ezininzi ngokungenalusini lalawo kwimbali yoluntu, kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, nto leyo ekhokelele uloyiso ngokungagungqiyo eSoviet Union, wabumba oonobangela Cold War. Kuyinto eli gama liye izidubedube ngakumbi phakathi amazwe kwiinkampu nkulu Communist, phakathi eUnited States, eSoviet Union kunye nabaxhasi babo.

Namhlanje, abaphandi bathi ngoonobangela Cold War - imbonakalo impikiswano ze isiqu ngokwaneleyo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba isiseko longquzulwano yaba ayiphikisani ezimbini ithi kakhulu - eUnited States eSoviet Union - ngokusekelwe ideology.

Capitalism okanye boqobo? Yiyiphi inkqubo wayeza kuba lisalawula? Kakade ke, ngamnye kwamagunya amakhulu amabini wafuna ukuba bakhokele uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe, akunamsebenzi nokuba yintoni na imiqobo, kunye nokugcina inkqubo yembono leyo ukuvuleka yaye.

Ukongeza ukuphikisana ezizinzululwazi akakwazi kodwa uqaphele kwakhona oonobangela kweMfazwe Yomlomo nemiba, enxulumene nokhuseleko. Emva kokuphela Second World War, eSoviet Union waseka kwindawo evelele kumazwe kwimpuma Yurophu apho lwendele ubukomanisi. Kakade ke, olu lwando yempembelelo yiSoviet Union kukho uxinzelelo onzima kakhulu kwi eUnited States Britain, ngubani wesaba ekuqiniseni eSoviet Union kwaye, ngenxa yoko, a ukubusa umhlaba kunokwenzeka kwinkalo kwezopolitiko kwaye kuqoqosho.

Ukuqwalasela izinto ezibangela Cold War, kubalulekile ukukhumbula umnqweno US ukugcina ibizwa sigqithisele, yaye nayiphi na etyaleni akalulandeli ukunqanda ukusasazeka olobusoshiyali ngokuyintloko aseMelika. Kutheni? Umba ophambili lixhomekeke kuqoqosho. Esinye seziphumo iMfazwe Yehlabathi II umonakalo kuyo ngokupheleleyo, behamba e Western eYurophu, apho ukubuyisela imigangatho yokuphila eziqhelekileyo utyalo-mali enkulu ezifunekayo. Kwaye US linika izibonelelo ezifuneka kakhulu kumazwe aseYurophu, Kakade ke, ukuba ubukomanisi kula mazwe aziyi kuhlohlwa.

Xa sijonga imbali, kulula ukuba ukwazi ukuqala apho kwiMfazwe Yomlomo. Izinto ezibangela ingxabano - kuko okulungiselela isiseko ngenxa impixano, kodwa umfutho lihlala ethile unobangela, i "abilayo". Ngaba ingongoma kule mpi.

NgoMatshi 1946, irhuluneli yaseBritani Fulton, Winston Churchill wenza intetho yakhe edumileyo, leyo aphawula ukuqala longquzulwano. Okuphambili endababalwa urhulumente US, iye yaba kukusekwa kwe-United States of ukongama phezu yiSoviet Union kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi. Kodwa ke, makugxininiswe yabekwa phezu kwinkalo yezoqoqosho, yaye ngowe-1947 eUnited States uyimisele kusini na inkqubo engqongqo ezininzi kuThixo owalela kunye namanyathelo yesithintelo ukuba yiSoviet Union kurhwebo kunye nezemali.

Oku kwalandelwa 1949-50., Nguwuphi babeba ukusayinwa iNorth Atlantic iSivumelwano, ngoko kukho imfazwe Korea kunye nokuvavanywa ukuqhushumba yenyukliya. Isimo sengqondo jikelele ophambene kumazwe nkulu, ukukhuthaza ekomelezeni ubudlelwane phakathi kweUSSR kunye neTshayina. Umjukujelwa ntlekele waseCuba ngo-1962 lwabonisa ukuba xa kuthe imfazwe entsha, lowo uphumeleleyo kunye isiphukuphuku angeke - mkhulu kangaka amandla kwamazwe.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1970. ngobunzulu okanye amandla ubudlelwane phakathi kwe US kunye eSoviet Union waqalisa ukuhla. Yaye 1990, iMfazwe Yomlomo yaphela kunye ekuweni eSoviet Union kunye inkampu yali.

Ukuhlola ifuthe Cold War, kunzima nkqu nanamhlanje, emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwama mabini emva kokuwa eSoviet. Kakade ke, ukruthakruthwano enjalo nempembelelo entle kakhulu kuphuhliso inzululwazi becala kuphuculo entsonkothileyo zomkhosi mveliso kunye namashishini anxulumene. Noko ke, le yenye ngemiphumo ezimbalwa HIV kwaye impikiswano kakhulu Cold Imfazwe iziganeko ezimbi ezininzi ezihamba ngayo le ngxabano.