Russian-Turkish imfazwe ka-1735-1739 gg:. Isizathu, iziphumo

Ngenkulungwane XVIII, engundoqo ithambo abaxabana phakathi Russia kunye Turkey waba Krymskoe Hanstvo. AmaTatar wabonakala rhoqo kwi imimandla Cossack, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni iingxabano kunqandwa. NgoMeyi 1735 eSt Petersburg kwafika iindaba ukuba umkhosi Khan wawela umda Russian ukufika wasePersi. Oku sizathu ngokwaneleyo ukubhengeza enye imfazwe Turkey (i iCrimea AmaTatar baba akhonze zakhe).

ukwenyusa Leontiev

Ngelo xesha, Anna Ivanovna ulawulo Russian (1730 - 1740). Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuqhambuka kwembambano kunye Ottoman kunye imikhosi yayo baya Poland ukuxhasa umzabalazo ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi oomasipala Elector Agasti. Campaign ekhokelwa yintandane uKumkanikazi Munnich. Ukuba wafumana ucingo ukusuka kwikomkhulu, apho Anna bacela ukuba aye umkhosi waseJamani engasezantsi. kwaqala imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1735 - iminyaka 1739.

Munnich wagqiba ukuba alinde de ebusika kunye kuqala ubusika ukuqalisa wayethimba Azov - inqaba ebalulekileyo, apho walwa kodwa uPetros I. NgoSeptemba, i ozithandayo kunye nabacebisi bakhe ababegula ngumkhuhlane. Ngenxa yoku, watshintsha izicwangciso zakhe, wathumela Jikelele Leontiev eCrimea.

Xa yomkhosi wakhe abantu malunga 40 amawaka kunye namacwecwe ngemipu. Nangona kunjalo, akukho impumelelo, uye nakwabangapasanga. iimvula Autumn kunye Udaka abadlale amaqhinga kuye. Emkhosini, ukuqala kwezifo kunye nokufa ngobuninzi amahashe. Lost abantu 9000, Leontyev wabuya kunye nto. imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1735 - iminyaka 1739. Baqalisa le bungling gaba njengesiqhelo phezulu kunye nokusilela.

Nasekuxinweni of Azov

Fortress of St. Anne - kumkhosi kwaba lula ukuba baqhube imisebenzi yokulwa kummandla Azov, isiseko okwexeshana kwakhiwa kweekhilomitha 30 kude. Minich wafika apha ngoMatshi 1736. Ekupheleni kwale nyanga kwaqala nasekuxinweni, leyo eyenzelwe ukuba ifikelele yotshaba. Turks zilungiselelwa kakubi ngenxa ziyahlelwa enjalo, kwaye phantse ngaphandle umlo, wanikezela zonke iinqaba ezingqongileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa iinjengele Russian waba ezininzi izinto ezingenangqondo. Umzekelo, ngo-Epreli, Count Pet Lassi wayalelwa ukuba aye phantsi kwe Azov, ukuba bathathe inxaxheba iinkokheli umlo. Waye phuthuma, wathabatha naye nje squad elincinane ye Cossacks elinesibini. Okulandelayo ukuze ezomileyo (isixeko kwingingqi eKharkiv yanamhlanje), uhlaselwe liqela AmaTatar lemigulukudu. Le iqembu yemka, kunye jikelele ngokwakhe ngokulambisa ibango imilenze.

Uphelile Azov Turks

NgoMeyi Yafika Azov Russian butho, emva Don. Iinqanawa bazisa zokudubula entsha. Apha imipu 40 ngamaxesha adubula iyifikele inqaba. Omunye shell libetha yokugcina wompu, ngenxa yokwenzeke yesiqalo omkhulu owatshabalalisa amakhulu amakhaya wababulala abemi abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu.

Ngokuchasene nentsukaphi le mpumelelo kwezi nkalo, irhuluneli Turkish bagqiba ukuba anikezele Azov, njengoko bakuthi bakhe ayikwazi ukumnceda. Kwathi ngomhla we-19 Juni. ngokoMthetho uzinikele kuye kwavunyelwana. Abemi yamaMuslim yonke yomzi simahla ukushiya iindonga zayo. Ukusuka Azov kwathabatha abemi malunga 40 amawaka. amajoni Russian bekhululwa ngamakhulu kwintolongo yasekuhlaleni nabafo abazizibambiso Orthodox. abaphumeleleyo nabo eninzi lwemipu. Ngenxa mortars umlilo rhoqo izakhiwo mzi becala zatshatyalaliswa okanye zonakala. Russian-Turkish imfazwe (1735 - 1739) yabalasela impumelelo yokuqala enkulu sethu impi.

Munnich eCrimea

Ngo-Epreli 1736 Munnich wakhokela umkhosi 54000th kwi eCrimea. 18 liye kufika Perekop - inqaba, emi phezu kwisiqwenga somhlaba enye emxinwa, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni eli lizwe. Around kwakhe yaba sisihogo esinzulu. Le akumnandi wamangala Munnich, njengoko phezu eve wakhe ibango ukuba iziseko Turkish zikwimeko olihlwempu.

Phambi kokuba uqale ukuhlasela, Marshal wagqiba ukuthumela ileta Khan. Kuyo, wacela ukuya kwi AmaTatar kwi ubumi le ukumkanikazi Russian, awancetheza abamelwane ngo Israeli rhoqo. Han impendulo wathumela Murza, abazixeláyo ukuba akukho ukuhlaselwa babengekho, yaye kwisiza izigelekeqe Nogai. imfazwe Russian-Turkish (1735 - 1739) isenokuba yaphela, ukuba abathunywa bafumana ulwimi olufanayo.

Noko ke, Munnich ayikwazanga akuvumelani Murza. Emva koko wathumela endisisigidimi umva, wathembisa Khan ukuba ubona imizi yabo zivutha wabatshabalalisa, ngenxa yokuba akazange afune ukwamkela ubabalo uAnny Ioannovny.

Sturm Perekopa

Russian nkobe. Amajoni bakwazi ngokukhawuleza zokuthuthukisa okwabangela kunye nothango. iingxaki ezinkulu kuhlala ezinde, imihla bandihlaba elihamba. Omnye wabo ikwazile ukuba zifake ibandla i Preobrazhensky webutho, olu sapho lwaluquka kubantu abangama-60. Kuye wagawulwa 160 Turks. Ezinye ekampini wabaleka emva nangezinto.

Inqaba yokugcina yotshaba inqaba wahlala. Pasha abeka kuyo ngomhla wama-22 Meyi, nasemva kokuba kufikelelwe kwimvumelwano, ukuba Turks uya kuvunyelwa ukuba aphume ngokukhululekileyo i uthango ongqingiweyo. Ngoko ke wayithimba Perekop.

imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1735 - iminyaka 1739. Uqhubile. Emva Perekop wanikezela inqaba Kinburn. Ukuze ngasekhohlo kwakhe, Jikelele Leontiev, nokulahlwa emalunga-10 amawaka amajoni. Oku kwaba Fort ebalulekileyo alawula umlomo Dnieper.

Becela nzulu usingasiqithi

Emva kokuba impumelelo lokuqala umba kwi kwibhunga. Minich wacebisa ukuqhubeka enzonzobila ezikhubekisayo zibe usingasiqithi yi yonke imikhosi kunokwenzeka. Wayekholelwa ukuba ngenxa yale mfazwe Russian-Turkish (1735 - 1739 kwiminyaka -. Eyiyo ubude balo) iza kuphela kungekudala. Nabanye iinjengele wacinga ngenye indlela. Bachaza becela ingozi kwilizwe apho kukho phantse kungekho manzi. Njengoko umthetho, umkhosi, wonqanyulwa, ungabikho unxibelelwano, kwiimeko ezinjalo, babe ngamaxhoba lula ukuba nangezinto. Noko ke, le mbono Minich nangoku ixhaswa, yaye ngoMeyi 25, waya ngasemzantsi.

Kozlov wawa isixeko yokuqala, okanye Yevpatoriya mihla. Xa lamabutho Cossacks nkobe, kwafunyaniswa ukuba Fort wamshiya kwaye kuzitshisa ngomlilo, nabemi bayo abalekela Bakhchisarai. Juni 17 weza kwikomkhulu Russian. Thatha imbethe ngqo akubanga lula, njengokuba indlela ekugqithwa kuphela phantsi esweni. Ngoko Minich ushiye bonke abagulayo ababuleweyo ukusuka neenqwelo ecaleni phantsi kokhuseleko ngamava elincinane, ngoxa yena nabantu bakhe abane- bafudukela yokucima umzi. Le kushenxa waba yimpumelelo: i AmaTatar akazange uqaphele ukuba, phantsi kwekhwapha ebusuku aba Cossacks kufuphi Bakhchisarai. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nazo sathunyelwa webutho ilungileyo AmaTatar kunye Janissaries. Ekuqaleni, bakwazi yokutshayela Russian kwaye khetha guns ezimbalwa. Noko ke, ngenxa yezinye imali kuhlaselwa kwakhokelela ngokoyiswa baseTurkey. Bakhchisarai, kwathatyathwa ke basaba abantu.

Ukubuyela ku yokuhlala ebusika

AmaTatar babalekela ezintabeni, kwaye Turks babalekiswa ku Cafu. Minich kuqala wayefuna ukuya kulo mzi, bayonakalise. Nangona kunjalo, i Army Russian waba udiniwe kakhulu. Eyona ndikhohlakele yaba ubushushu - komele emva ngesifingo kunye imini yonke wahamba squinted xa kushushu. Yaba qhinga yaseYurophu okulwa, nto leyo efanele ukuya kumathafa amaphulo sezulu. Ngenxa ilahleko amaninzi abantu Munnich umva. I Perekop wahlala ixesha elide. Ukuba waqokelela ndawonye yonke imikhosi yakhe, Marshal ekuthini ziyinkxwaleko - abantu abangama-30 amawaka, inkoliso yabo abaye babulawa sesi sifo okanye ubushushu.

usingasiqithi Busted wasala, waya eSt Petersburg Minich wachaza uKumkanikazi. Yaphela kanjalo eli phulo, leyo yabalasela imfazwe Russian-Turkish (1735 - 1739). Kubangela ilahleko amakhulu ku Minich nokungakwazi ukumelana neemeko zasekuhlaleni wasemzantsi.

Austria ofike imfazwe

Russian izixhobo uloyiso waqiniseka Austria ukuba Turkey bengakhuselekanga. Habsburg ezasebukhosini wayefuna ukuqhubeka ukwanda yayo kwiiBalkans. Noko ke, uCharles VI Army wabandezeleka kwi nomphambili wayo inani izilonda enovakalelo bayiqinisa indawo Ottoman. Ukwehluleka ezihambisana nentlangano amahlwempu shapkozakidatelstvom kwi kwikomkhulu Austria.

Fighting for Ochakov

Ngelo xesha Munnich weza eKiev, apho elinde umkhosi wamajoni entsha 70,000. Injongo yakhe inqaba ebalulekileyo Ochakov. Ikampu Minich yaba abantu abangama-20 amawaka. umkhosi Russian weza iindonga zesixeko kwangoko. zokudubula Its kude emva elihamba. Munnich wagqiba ukuba alinde ukuthutha izixhobo, kwaye kuhla imikhosi anazo ngelo xesha. Le meko yaba kunokuba iyaxokozela, njengoko Turks eqokelele umkhosi abangabancedani kufuphi Bender.

Ngosuku lokuqala ngesiquphe phantse yonke ekampini ngaphandle kwesango, ayifikela nabangqingi. Noko ke, isibindi baseTurkey zange ukunceda, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba siphumele. nomkhosi wawo ukubulawa okukhulu. Imeko yaba ebaluleke kakhulu umzi, xa isixeko ladubula imagazini lomgubo kwaye uqale umlilo kakhulu. Ukuxakeka ekampini babesebenzisa imikhumbi Russian. Cossacks washiya iinqanawa wayithimba inqaba ukusuka elwandle. Emva koko, lo mkhosi wanika umyalelo ukunyusa iflegi emhlophe.

Noko ke, impumelelo kokungqingwa Ochakov kungekudala sichithwe. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva ukuqhambuka, ngenxa apho amajoni ezibini zafa imihlambi. Ngo September 1739 ibhunga yasemkhosini isigqibo sokushiya enqabeni yomkhosi. Le okufanayo nakuwo amajoni e Kinburn. Yaphela kanjalo elinye iphulo lokuba uya kukhunjulwa imfazwe Russian-Turkish (1735 - 1739). Le theyibhile ingezantsi ibonisa banolwahlulo ngexesha Ochakova zokungqinga.

Ngeenyawo ukuya Bender ngo-1738

ephambili ekujoliswe umkhosi New Minich baba Bender. ngoko ke Russian wafudukela ngasentshona ecaleni konxweme loLwandle Black, i-mkhulu ithuba ukuba kungekudala iza kuphela imfazwe Russian-Turkish (1735 -. 1739 gg). Iziphumo zale phulo, Noko ke, yaba yedanisayo. Minikh ayiphumelelanga ukuba zifake inqaba ubuncinane omnye ibalulekile kwaye sifumane zintshula kuloo mmandla.

Umgca wokugqibela yaba umlambo Dniester. Xa kwafika umncedisi endle apha, wadibana umkhosi omkhulu 60000th ye baseTurkey, kuye kube nzima kakhulu ukuba balwe kwelinye icala ngenxa yokungabikho bewela eziqhelekileyo. Iinjineli ayikwazanga ukuba iibhlorho yethutyana ngenxa yokuba phezu kubo rhoqo kuvulwa umlilo. Emi Dniester kuthethe ukuba umkhosi waqalisa uphelelwe izinto.

imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1735 -. kweminyaka 1739, ngamafutshane, yaba yimpumelelo exutyiweyo. Ngoko Munnich akazange abe nobuganga ukunika idabi jikelele lweMedia emva zokuhlala zazo ebusika.

Campaign 1739

Sele kunyaka olandelayo umkhosi wakwazi nyanzela Dniester. Oko kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba umendo emlanjeni liye lathotywa kakhulu. Munnich azixhokonxa uKumkanikazi ukumnika imvume ukuya ezantsi nge ePoland, leyo ngcono kakhulu ngaphezu emathafeni zasendle.

Impumelelo ephambili iingalo Russian kulo nyaka yajika lokufakwa inqaba Hawtin, apho wavula indlela eya Bender. Jikelele Levendal waba yintloko yalo mzi ebalulekileyo. Ngelo xesha Minich waya Yassam apho wayehlala uninzi aseMoldova yobuhlanga.

Belgrade umhlaba

Ngelo xesha, eSt Petersburg kwafika iindaba emangalisayo. NgoSeptemba 1739 Austria wasayina uxolo eTurkey, ngokudlulisela izivumelwano zabo Russia. Ukongeza, urhulumente waseSweden ukuba uthethathethwano kunye Ottoman kwi nemisetyenzana encedisayo. isakhiwo olongezelelweyo lamawaka 10 athunyelwa kumda eFinland. Kuye kwacaca ukuba iRussia ijongene intsongelo yemfazwe kwi miba mibini. E St. Petersburg, oku ngokucacileyo awufunwa, ngoko ke ingxoxo kunye eTurkey kwi ekupheleni imfazwe.

September 29, 1739 isivumelwano sasayinwa phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Womanyano bahlangana eBelgrade. Le thesis loxwebhu engundoqo ngolu hlobo. Russian Azov ethumela, kodwa zonke iinqaba enqabeni zaye ukuba sadilizwa, ukwenza isixeko sesichengeni. Ukongeza, Russia ayikwazanga abe weenqanawa salo kuLwandle Black. Urhwebo kule ngingqi kufuneka kwenziwa kuphela ziinkundla Turkish. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba iRussia akazange afumane lutho emva iphulo wamagazi nyaka-ezine kwafa amajoni 100 lamawaka. Russian-Turkish imfazwe (1735 - 1739), ngamafutshane, akazange aphile up ezilindelekileyo St Petersburg. Kunjalo, Anna Ivanovna wazama ukugcina isidima, waza wenza yayilikomkhulu odla ezingapheliyo kunye nemibhiyozo kumsitho kokusayina isivumelwano.

Izizathu impumelelo ezincinane

Oku kuye wahlala kwimbali imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1735 - iminyaka 1739. Izizathu zoku kusilela weRashiya kuxhomekeke yokuba onke amagunya abaMhlophe nxamnye nayo. It oluchaphazelekayo Austrians kunye isiFrentshi, ngubani na umlamleli esemthethweni phakathi kwamaqela ungquzulwano, kodwa akazange nto ukuxhasa Romanovs. EParis kwakubalulekile ukukhusela izilangazelelo balo mmandla, emva kokugqiba imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1735 - iminyaka 1739. Le theyibhile ingezantsi ibonisa kweenjengele ezinkulu kule mpi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, kwaye ezinkulu qhinga iimpazamo iinjengele - Minich kunye Lassie. Abazange nanceba amajoni. Ukongeza, umncedisi endle kusetyenziswa isikwere bokulwa, nto leyo eye lwayo kakhulu nxamnye ukothuka mobile, owamahashe fast. Lalibonisa iziphumo zemfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1735 - iminyaka 1739. Amajoni babuyela umlilo phezu amahashe, ngoxa ukulwa onencula phantse khange abonakale ukuba kukho isiphoso okukhulu umyalelo.