Methanol: ukusebenza komzimba womntu ngu inhalation, zoncedo lokuqala

Yityhefu kunye methanol kunye ethanol ziqhele unobangela yokukhubazeka kunye nokufa. Oku kusoloko kusenzeka emva nabantu zisetyenziselwa kudla substitutes utywala kwaye uqaphele ukuba umahluko phakathi kwabo. Kakade ke, akukho namnye unako kukhuseleka kwimveliso mgangathweni ukuba kuthengiswa ezivenkileni, ngoko ke kufuneka ukwazi ukuqonda indlela ityiwe loo kulo mzekelo ukuthatha.

iipropati ngokomzimba

Methanol yi ulwelo ezingenambala kunye ivumba utywala, enyibilikayo emanzini lula. Oku kungenziwa exutywe izinyibilikisi ze-oganikhi, ezifana benzene, acetone, ezinye alkoholi. Phezu ukuqhagamshelana kunye nomxube umoya uba umonakalo, izinyuko ezilishumi elinesithandathu Celsius ngokwaneleyo ucinezelo yenzekile. Ithamo abulala abantu na ngeemililitha 100.

production

Yandile methanol zorhwebo unako ukuvelisa ngeendlela ezininzi. Iziyobisi kuqala waqala ukufumana emva neyanamhlanje eyomileyo iinkuni kunye lignin, ngoko kukho iteknoloji evelisa utywala ngenxa yokubola neetyuwa kunye formic acid phantsi kwempembelelo amaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Xa uthe uneconomic, kwagqitywa ekubeni nokulungelelanisa methanol ukusuka methane ngu igcwala buso kuyo. Ke kaloku, ngenxa yale njongo, icarbon dioxide kunye hydrogen kunye kongezwe ngumnxibelelanisi sobhedu-zinc.

ukululama

methanol-iimveliso kakhulu zingcolise okusingqongileyo. Amanzi asetyenziswe zokuhlanjululwa yayo neyanamhlanje, ngoko okroqiweyo izinto eziyingozi, le nto emva ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuhluza, imvula imichiza ngokuhlanjululwa ngayo nangoku ezingafanelekanga ukuba ukusela. Ngoko ke, ngalo mzuzwana ke uphuhliso ubugcisa bemveliso methanol kunye loop ezivaliweyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba amanzi asetyenziswe, kodwa ukuhlanganisa njengenkunkuma zebhayoloji okanye imichiza. Ngenxa ingxaki amanzi acocekileyo on Earth, le nkqubo iza kunceda ukuba wonge kwimithombo enexabiso yendalo.

ukusetyenziswa

Yandile methanol yorhwebo zisetyenziswa kuphela ukuba lacquers kunye ipeyinti, njenge ekrwada ukuba imveliso yemichiza emva njenge zeendawana ngenxa imithi eziphathekayo. Nguye yinxalenye kulwelo nokubanda. Uninzi methanol ezisetyenziswa ukuvelisa formaldehyde njengoko isongezo ukuya ipetroli, ukongeza, idityaniswa sibaso iimoto waza izithuthuthu.

Iinkampani ezininzi nesiqhumiso sebenzisa methanol ekuvelisweni ngabaqholi umhlangano ezingisayo ngakumbi, kodwa ico ezinjalo akuvumelekanga ngumthetho phezu amalungelo abathengi. Ngapha koko, ngexesha iimveliso igesi kunye petroleum kwakhona ukufumana ukusetyenziswa methanol. Ichaphazela ityuwa ekufakwa phezu kweendonga kwimibhobho abilayo, ngaloo ndlela ukugcina amandla abo.

lokugaya

iimpawu eziye kunxilwe ingabonwa kwisithuba seyure emva kokuba uthathe iziyobisi, kodwa abanye abantu mpawu akufuneki azibonakalisa de iintsuku enye enesiqingatha. It ako ngokukhawuleza esiswini, kodwa umzimba ngokucotha ngokwaneleyo ukuze bungaveli emzimbeni ingadlulanga iveki. Ukuba amathuba phakathi amathamo ye encinane, ityhefu nga yande. Ngaphezu kwama-70% ukwimo uyavezwa ngexesha ukuphefumla, kunye phantse akukho ubuthi ukubola. I-30% esibindini emva neutralization ziphume emzimbeni kunye nomchamo.

Action of methanol kunye ethanol emzimbeni womntu eyaphula kwiinkqubo redox, ibangela hypoxia ne -asidi eninzi. Oku, nto, kukhokelela ukuswela iivithamini C kunye B1 kunye nokuvela ukunxila. Ezi alkoholi zihlelwa neuro nemithambo kunye neetyhefu protoplasmic.

Igalelo emehlweni

Njengoko ukuba imuncwe, nokuba nokudla ukusebenza methanol ngombono kuhlala yintlekele. Ekubulaleni luvo optic kunye retina waphawula kwiimeko kunxilwe etsolo ubuthi ezigulo ezondeleyo. Pathophysiology bakholelwa ukuba oku kubangelwe iimveliso yokucolwa of methanol. Iziphepha phosphorylation olwaneleyo oxidative kwiretina wehlise ukuyilwa glucose ioksijini-free. Ukungabikho izondlo kuyingozi ukuba iziko umbono. Ngaphezu koko, methanol umphunga ukubacaphukisa uxakaxa, okukhokelela nangokurhala, nokudumba neentlungu.

Inhalation

umphunga oyityhefu formaldehyde kunqabile ziqulathe methanol ecocekileyo. Action emzimbeni womntu ngu inhalation kwenzeka ngokwamanqanaba amabini. Ekuqaleni kuza indlela aphazamiseke yasekuhlaleni ukufakwa uxakaxa nasemva ibe egazini - ityhefu lwenkqubo umzimba. iimpawu zonyango ngolu hlobo. Ixhoba ikhalazela of nesiyezi, isicaphucaphu, yayiliva inkungu phambi kwamehlo akhe ngenxa ukunxila kakhulu. Ukongeza, kabukhali kunciphise acuity ezibonwayo, intlungu ikota yesangqa ephezulu ngasekunene. Ityhefu enjalo aphela rhoqo ezondeleyo kunokuba etsolo, ngenxa aphazamiseke elinqatyisiweyo eliphezulu abantu iphecana yokuphefumla ukuba musa ukudibanisa methanol.

zokungenisa

Methanol yingozi emzimbeni idla wabonakaliswa ukusetyenziswa kotywala sisipirithi kunye namanye amachiza. Kuba ingozi lomntu nokuba ezilishumi mililitha oku umzimba "", yaye ithamo ml amathathu lunokubulala. Noko ke, umntu inye esibaziyo siziphatha ngolunye uhlobo ku methanol, ukulusebenzisa ngokusisigxina okanye ithuba elide. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu baligcina cyanosis (kugqiba blue), yaye umoya ezinqabileyo, yombono kunokwenzeka. Kwamaza msinya, indlela abafundi ukuba ukukhanya engekhoyo. Amaninzi, abantu bayafa ngenxa yokumiswa sokuphefumla. Ukuba umntu abazi, wakhalaza iintlungu esiswini, ithemba iimpukane phambi kwamehlo, iingxaki umbono. Nokuba isigulana nako ukusinda kwimeko enjalo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi sele vuhlayiseki.

ubuthi ezingapheliyo

Xa wazibona ukuhla embonweni umbala, yoma semehlo, nokudumba kunye nokufa-luvo optic elinganeno indlela abafundi ukuba stimulus ukukhanya. Man uyakhathala ngokukhawuleza, abafumana yintloko kwisiqingatha sesibini imini, kukho ucaphuka ngokugqithiseleyo, tearfulness, kunye lability ngokweemvakalelo. Ukuba izinto imuncwe okanye ukusela kakhulu zingenalo methanol, umphumo umzimba womntu uya kuba lula. Kuya abonakalise ukwanda ukuduma, umkhuhlane rhoqo, ukukhohlela akukho sizathu, intloko ebuhlungu, ongaboniyo ibonakale.

Isiphumo methanol kwi ulusu sele ngokwaneleyo efunda. Oku kwenzeka ngaxeshanye inhalation ekhasa, kangangokuba wabonakala zenkqubo ngabona phezu zasekuhlaleni. Kodwa xa laphalazwayo opeyintayo nesinyibilikisi ngokwalo impahla kunye nezihlangu. Endaweni zotshintsho, le ndoda waqhubeka ukusebenza. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kwesi siganeko, uyimfama.

lokuqala zoncedo

Okokuqala, kufuneka asuse methanol. Action emzimbeni womntu (uncedo lokuqala esekelwe kwi-Pathogenesis of yityhefu, ngoko uyakwazi ukufumana ekuthibazeni) ukuba ityhefu iimveliso metabolic. Ngoko ke, lowo ubonelela unyango, kufuneka enokulibazisa ukudlalwa kwesohlwayo okanye ukukhusela indlela methanol ukuya formaldehyde. Ukuze wenze oku, yenza lavage esiswini ukuba ixhoba lisiwe esibhedlele ngethuba leeyure ezimbini zokuqala. Plus, nokuhlanganiswa efakwa i-5% nesoda yokubhaka (i ilitha 1) kwaye, emva zokuhlambela, kuyimfuneko ukuba usele isisombululo (4.2 iilitha). Ukuze agcine umgangatho ofunekayo amandla luvo optic kwaye nobuchopho zenyuse kwesikhumba kunye ml 500 ka-5% glucose. Xa zonke amanyathelo likaxakeka isiqingatha seyure kufuneka asele isisombululo equlathe 5 g sodium hayidroksayidi. Kwakhona wabonisa isisombululo sodium zincancise efakwa, ukuya iilitha-4 ngosuku.

Yonke le misebenzi yenziwa kunye ulawulo ngeyure ye acid-base amanqanaba igazi imo yesoda kunye asidi nomchamo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba iliso kwinqanaba electrolyte kwaye uyilungise njengoko kuyimfuneko. kufuneka umsebenzi Monitoring kwentliziyo.

Ethanol - into leyo neutralizes methanol. Ngoko Intshukumo kwi umzimba womuntu kubonakala ukuba enqanda isibindi iya kuba "busy" igcwala aqhelekileyo-ethanol kunye methanol azitshintshanga nilushiye umzimba kunye umoya kunye nomchamo. Xa kwakusazeka ukuba ixhoba liye lafumana idosi enkulu of imethyl utywala, ngoko nangoko elawulwa yegazi-5% isisombululo ethyl utywala of sisombululo glucose-5% kwi izinga 1.5-2 g utywala nganye 1 kg ubunzima nomonde ngosuku, rhoqo esweni xi ethanol egazini, njengoko ngokulula ukusuka ichiza isenokubangela ityhefu.

Action methanol nto iyingozi hayi kuphela amalungu ekujoliswe nangoko - kuchaphazela zonke iinkqubo zomzimba. Ngoko ke, unyango kwangumqondiso kuquka unyango ioksijini, CPR, ukopha, iziyobisi ukuphucula isondlo kwemisipha intliziyo nokugcina excitability kwayo contractility. Ukuba isigulana uneenguqu ngengqondo, ngoko ke unikwa sine. Kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, a olugqitha esikhumbeni.

amanyathelo othintelo

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le kwizazi zokuphepha Siyaleza endaweni amashishini methanol. Isiphumo umzimba womntu le nto kune ukwanela ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Kukho ezinye ngokohlobo ethyl utywala, alkoholi zokwenziwa. Kwiindawo ezinobungozi ekucetyiswa ukuba banxibe iimaski igesi.

methanol Action umntu ngamnye, njengokuba ubona, negative. Ukuze akhusele abantu zidibane olungeyomfuneko le nto kufuneka usetyenziswa ukubonisa izihloko ezithile izikhongozelo eziqulathe kuyo kunye nezinto ezikhoyo esidlangalaleni, ezifana lacquers, iipeyinti kunye izinyibilikisi zabo. Imibhobho kunye methanol ziipeyintiwe kumbala efanelekileyo, siluleka abasebenzi ngezindlu kunye neenkonzo zoluntu, kuba ityhefu nje kuphela kodwa umonakalo omkhulu, ingakumbi kufutshane iingcingo ombane aphezulu okanye imibhobho igesi, adla wabeka kunye.

Okokugqibela ndithanda ukubongoza abo, nangona zonke, isebenzisa rhoqo methanol: ukusebenza komzimba womntu, yena zombini kweso yaye ngokuthe ngcembe, yaye akukho siqinisekiso sokuba ukuba uphephe Ityhefu ngaphambili, iya bungasifumani nawe kwixa elizayo. Qaphela uze ufunde iileyibhile ngononophelo!