Mountains avareji ukuphakama kunye nemizekelo. ezintabeni yokuhlela

Ziintaba ezahlukeneyo: abadala nabancinane, enamatye kwaye iflethi, kupolopodobnymi yaveza. Ezinye zazo zigqunywe ngamahlathi ashinyeneyo, ngoxa abanye - placers amatye engenabomi. Kodwa kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ukuphakama kwawo. Ziziphi ezintabeni avareji, kwaye zona zithathwa ukuba ibe phezulu?

Entabeni njengendlela isiqabu

Okokuqala kuyimfuneko ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba yintoni le ntaba. Olu luhlobo ezintle isiqabu, lubonakala yi ariya ukunyusa esibukhali kwaye ulilolo. Kuyo nayiphi na intlungu wazilanda ngokucacileyo iimpawu ezintathu eziphambili:

• wee;
• seenyawo;
• ethambekeni.

Nayiphi na inkqubo entabeni planethi - akukho nto kodwa obunobunzima iintili (imikhombe) kunye nasentshonalanga, ezibandakanya ezininzi eziphezulu ngamnye. Bonke bephela mpawu zangaphandle lwangaphakathi (zemveli) amabutho Umhlaba - iintshukumo ezingu ziitectonic plates kunye nomsebenzi mlilo.

Iintaba ukudala phezu komhlaba amahle kakhulu kwaye unique iplanethi yethu. Bona lubonakala ngokuba uhlobo inshorensi umhlaba, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezizodwa. Kodwa abantu bahlale ezintabeni baye- kakhulu. Ngokutsho manani, abamalunga nama-50% sabemi behlabathi uhlala undizela hayi ama- 200 ngentla komgangatho wolwandle.

ezintabeni zokuhlela kubume. avareji entabeni, ephantsi phezulu

Inzululwazi geomorphological lokuhlela iintaba eziliqela lwamabala :. Age, ukuphakama, indawo wejografi, yeGenesis, ifomu kwamantloko, njl ..

Ngokutsho imvelaphi yazo ukuze babe ziitectonic plates, mlilo kunye denudation of an ubudala - ubudala okanye abaselula. Kwaye ke umfana lo inkqubo entabeni omnye, ukuyilwa apho yiminyaka ngaphantsi kwezigidi ezingama-50. Ngokwamanani zejoloji ubudala encinane kakhulu.

Ukuma encopho yayo yentaba yile:

• waveza;
• lwesakhiwo;
• ihewu-ezifana ( "Uluhlu").

Ukuphakama ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, zejografi ukwahlula ntaba:

• eliphantsi;
• aphakathi;
• eliphezulu.

Ngamanye amaxesha le ncwadi inokufumaneka neentlobo eziphakamileyo neziphakathi, ezifana neentaba asezantsi oluphakathi okanye medium phezulu. Ngoko nangoko ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iintaba umlinganiselo ukuphakama anokufunyanwa nayiphi na inxalenye yehlabathi. Noko ke, inkoliso yabo eYurophu Asia.

Middle Intaba: imizekelo kunye nobude

8848 yeemitha - uphawu ifikelele incopho liphezulu ehlabathini - Qomolangma, okanye Everest. Ubude ingundoqo iintaba medium of lingenabukhazikhazi kakhulu ngakumbi: ukusuka km 1 ukuya ku-3 ngentla komgangatho wolwandle.

Le mizekelo edume iintaba enjalo - oku ke Carpathians, i Appalachian Mountains, Tatras, Apennines, Pyrénées, yaseScandinavia kunye Drakensberg Mountains, Australian Alps, i Stara Planina. Kukho ezintabeni Central kunye ngaphakathi Russia. Yiyo leyo phambene Mountains, Eastern Sayan, Kuznetsk Alatau, Sikhote-Alin (eliboniswe ngezantsi) kunye nabanye.

Into ebalulekileyo zintaba medium of - ubukho lwemimandla altitudinal. Oko kukuthi, utyani nendawo iyatshintsha ukuphakama.

Carpathians

Carpathians - ubukhulu inkqubo intaba yaseYurophu ngobukhulu egubungele kumazwe ezisibhozo. Iingcali zeelwimi, echaza imvelaphi kwegama layo, bafika kwisigqibo sokuba eli gama ndawo iingcambu Indo-Europe kwaye bubonakala "ilitye", "iliwa".

Carpathians ndasolula i arc kunye nesiqingatha kwiikhilomitha eliwaka ukusuka Czech Republic eSerbia. Nencopho eliphezulu ezi ntaba ekummandla kummandla Slovakia (ntaba, Gerlachovský Peak, 2654 m). Inyaniso ukwazi: phakathi Alps kunye loza yempuma Carpathians - iikhilomitha-15 kuphela.

Karpaty - ezintabeni abaselula. Ke benziwa kwi Cenozoic. Noko ke, uxoxa zabo anencasa nokuthantamisa, inkoliso uphawu endala-yobudala bezakhelo zomhlaba. Oku kunokucaciswa kukuba Carpaty advantageously eDibanisa rocks ezithambileyo (itshokhwe, lekalika, nodongwe).

inkqubo Intaba wahlulwe ube zahlulo zithathu enemiqathango: Western, Eastern (okanye Ukrainian) kunye Carpathians Southern. Kwakhona kumafa yayo ziquka Transylvanian Plateau. KwiiNtaba zeCarpath kwahluka seismicity ngokwanelisayo phezulu. Nantsi ekuthiwa izowuni Vrancea, leyo "uvelisa" yinyikima lamanqaku 7-8.

Appalachians

Kubume udla ngokuba Appalachians liwele elifana nqwa le Carpathians. Xa imbonakalo ke musa zahlukile kakhulu enye kwenye. Appalachian Iintaba ibekwe kwinxalenye esempuma North America, phakathi kwamazwe amabini (US kunye Canada). Baya azalise le Gulf of St. Lawrence ukuya Gulf of Mexico ukuya ezantsi. Ubude lilonke kuluhlu intaba - malunga 2,500 neekhilomitha.

Ukuba European Carpathians - ezintabeni uselula, i-American Appalachians - imveliso ye ngaphambilana Hercynian kunye orogeny Caledonian. Ke benziwa malunga 200-400 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.

Appalachian ziintaba obuninzi kwezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo. Nantsi zizityebi ngobhedu, asbestos, petroleum, intsimbi ekrwada. Kulo mba, lo mmandla weentaba nayo udla ngokubizwa ngokuba "ibhanti mveliso" ngembali US.

Australian Alps

Kubonakala ukuba Alps nje kuphela eYurophu. Abahlali yelizwekazi amancinane lawona, kakhulu, ungaya onyuka Alps yokwenene. Kodwa kuphela Australian!

Le zokhahlamba ise emazantsi eli lizwekazi. Oku kulapho kwindawo liphezulu lonke Australia - Mount Kosciuszko (2228 m). Kwaye phezu kwamaxandeka kwezi ntaba owasungula mlambo mde belizwekazi - i Murray.

Alps Australian emangalisayo ngokwalo landscape. Kwezi zintaba uyakwazi ukufumana kunye neencopho ikhephu ezigqunywe neentlambo eluhlaza nzulu, kunye namachibi ngamanzi ecacileyo. Kumathambeka ntaba ahonjiswe iphupho ematyeni imbonakalo. Alps Australia iipaki zesizwe ezibukekayo eziliqela kunye iiholide ezibalaseleyo ski.

Ekuphetheni

Ke kaloku, ukuba uyakwazi oko entabeni avareji, yaye yintoni - ziphezulu. Kubume iintlobo ezintathu lweenkqubo ukuphakama yentaba. zintaba Medium kuba nomphakamo ukususela 1000 ukuya 3000 iimitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. KwiiNtaba zeCarpath, i Appalachian iintaba, i Australian Alps - oku yeyona mizekelo iphawulekayo ezinjalo kwiintaba ehlabathini.