Natalia Goncharova, Pushkin Lanskaya - biography umdla izibakala. Ibali uthando Natali Goncharovoy and Pushkin

Nataliya Nikolaevna Pushkina (Natalia Goncharova) - yenye abafazi ezimbalwa Russian, ogama izenzo kwaxoxwa nje kuphela ebomini bakhe, kodwa ukutyhubela iinkulungwane emva kokufa kwakhe. umfanekiso wakhe banconywa yi iimbongi mkhulu Russian, kwaye ngexesha elinye emehlweni abaninzi, kwaba kwaye ihlala unobangela wokufa umfazi wakhe ezikrelekrele.

usapho

umfazi Future Aleksandra Pushkina intombi UNikolai Goncharov. ookhokho bakhe ngabarhwebi abathi, xa ebukumkanini Elizabeth ummiselo izikhulu eliphezulu pha. Njengoko unyana kuphela ngabazali bakhe, uyise nguNatalia wafumana imfundo esemagqabini, ngo-1804 ukuba babhalise College of leMicimbi yangaPhandle, yaye emva kwethutyana, wamkela elikwinqanaba umvavanyi Collegiate, wamiselwa uNobhala kwabamba eMoscow.

Umfazi wakhe - Natalia Ivanovna, nee Zagryazhskaya, waye umkhonzazana kwiwonga lenkundla. Ukusuka umtshato wabo wazalelwa abantwana abasixhenxe. Natalia Goncharova - umntwana yesihlanu ekhaya.

Esakhula

Iminyaka yokuqala ubomi Natalia Goncharova wachitha emaphandleni: okokuqala, kwilali kwiphondo Karia, Tambov, ngoko ke amafa Yaropolets kunye Linen Factory. Emva koko intsapho yakowabo yafudukela kwikomkhulu.

Natalia Goncharova, ezifana nabazalwana noodade bakhe, wafumana imfundo esemagqabini ekhaya. Abantwana bafundiswa Russian nehlabathi imbali, ukuma, iilwimi IsiFrentshi kunye Russian kunye noncwadi. Ngelo xesha Natalia, ngubani ndingoyena mncinane oodade Goncharov, abe nokuchaza ubuhle engaqhelekanga. Ngokutsho memoirs ababephila, oodade bayo baba kakhulu nomtsalane, kodwa zonke zontathu embi kakhulu ngelo xesha - mantombazane Dowry, njengoko uyisemkhulu kumbi bonke abenzi-ntsapho kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, unyana French bazishiya amatyala kuphela.

zikuthembisa

Alexander Pushkin and Nataliya Nikolaevna Goncharova wadibana eMoscow ekupheleni kuka-1828, xa ibhola, awamnika sona Yogel ukudanisa inkosi. Ubuhle nobabalo amabhinqa aye avelisa esachukumisa wembongi. Emva kweenyanga 4 uthando Pushkin wacela isandla sakhe abazali ukhetha umlamli Theodore Tolstogo- "baseMerika."

Goncharova uSister azange aphike, kodwa akazange avume ukuba lo mtshato, ekukhuthazeni isigqibo sakhe ngokuthi intombi yakhe usemncinci kakhulu ukuba abantwana nokuqala iintsapho. Eneneni, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukucela umdlalo ukhaliphe ngakumbi uNatalie, yaye akazange afune ukuba bangenelele sendiselane kunye freethinker, abangazange ukusebenzisa indawo eyadini.

Pushkin wamfuthela kunene nangentliziyo enzima wemka umkhosi eCaucasus. Ukubuyela eMoscow ngoSeptemba, wayekhawuleza Goncharov, apho eyayibulindile wondamkela ebandayo. Mhlawumbi, ngexesha lokungabikho imbongi xa enokubakho unina-in-mthetho ubufumene imeko yokwenene imali yawo kwaye wafunda mikhwa iqeqesha amakhadi. Ukongeza, Natalya Ivanovna Goncharova waba olungenanceba kwaye wayeyithanda ongasekhoyo kuKhesare, kangangokuba ubashiye emlonyeni Pushkin, awayezama bagxeke-nkqubo ka-Alexander I, okanye ukwenza intlekisa abo ababonisa ukuzinikela ubukhazikhazi. Kwakubonakala ukuba imbongi zange ukuphatha ukufumana intombazana welungiselelo lentsapho, abathinjiweyo kwentliziyo yakhe, yena uya kuze ube nako ukumbiza wakhe umfazi wakhe.

Ibali uthando Natali Goncharovoy and Pushkin

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1830 Alexander waba eSt Petersburg. Ngokusebenzisa abahlobo efanayo, wafunda ukuba Goncharovs ukulungele ukwamkela umtshato wakhe intombi yabo. Ngoko ke bakhawuleza emva eMoscow wenza isithembiso, eyathi yayamkela. Kunye nabahlobo bomkhaya kamva wathi ukuba indima kulo mba wadlala ngokwayo Natalia Goncharova, ngelo xesha owayesele nzulu Imbongi elibukhali.

Ekubeni Pushkin ibiphantsi esweni ngasese, ukuba unyanzelekile ukuba wazise izenzo zabo buqu uMlawuli Nicholas Yokuqala. Kwimpendulo ileta malunga nokufuna ukutshata lo kumkani nge Benkendorf wamnika "ukwaneliseka lobubele," kodwa wathi ukuba azimisele ukuqhubeka ukufundisa icebiso imbongi yakhe.

uthethathethwano

Umyeni nomtshakazi nonina elizayo baya bezindlu Linen Factory ukwazisa intloko-ntsapho. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokudibana kunye noyise eganiweyo Pushkin kunye Goncharova, kodwa emtshatweni kwafuneka xha ngenxa ezingxoxweni njengekhazi lazo.

Umama-in-mthetho baxabana rhoqo nonyana wakhe, ngoko abahlobo abaninzi babecinga ukuba lo mtshato soze kwenzeka, ngakumbi emva kokufa uyisekazi imbongi - Basil L. - yenza kube nzima ukuba imngene entsha de kuye ekupheleni kuka ukuzila.

Imbongi kwafuneka ukuba makaye Boldin waza wahlala khona ngenxa ka bhubhane sorhudo. Phambi uhambo, wabuya baxabana UMama Goncharova waza wabhala kamva ileta apho wathi intombi yakhe ukuze ukhululeke ngokupheleleyo, nangona soze nditshate akukho mfazi enye. Ukuphendula, umtshakazi wamqinisekisa uthando lwakhe, ukuba wawuyenza Pushkin.

Emva a lot of nobunzima for ikhazi Februwari 18, 1831 namatakane satshata endlwini ukwenyuka Enkulu, esibe kwiSango Nikitsky.

injabulo short

Kamva, abaninzi babengaqinisekanga ukuba Natalia Goncharova, Pushkin wayemthanda. Noko ke, imbongi wabhalela abahlobo emva kokuba betshatile ukuba uyavuya lee.

Ekuqaleni, esi sibini kuhlala e Moscow, kodwa emva koko wafudukela Tsarskoye Selo, njengoko Alexander wazama ukukhusela umfazi wayo kwimpembelelo Tiffany.

Izicwangciso kukuphila ubomi sodwa wembongi kude ekukhanyeni ukuthintela ukufika soMhlekazi, ngubani wagqiba ukuba kude nendlu kunye kweyadi kude kwikomkhulu, apho ikholera lwadamba.

Ngexesha elinye iin- bakhe nomfazi Park Pushkin wadibana ngempazamo Nicholas I kunye nomfazi wakhe. UKumkanikazi aveza Ndiyathemba ukuba imbongi kunye Natalia abe iindwendwe rhoqo kwi komkhulu, Wabeka imini, xa ibhinqa eliselula kwafuneka ukuba ahlawule yakhe tyelelo.

ESt Petersburg

Ekubuyeni kwakhe elikomkhulu Natalya Nikolaevna Pushkina, ogama isiphetho ngelo xesha akukho namnye aphazamise, sifunyenwe kakuhle amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu. Ngelo xesha, abaninzi waphawula silwa naye yaye sizibambe, ezo kunganxulunyaniswa ziintloni zendalo ibhinqa eliselula.

May 19, 1832 usapho Pushkin umntwana wokuqala wazalwa - yintombi uMariya, yaye kamva ngonyaka wanika Natalia indoda, unyana Alexander.

Ubomi elikomkhulu ifuna iindleko eziphezulu kunye nokwandisa usapho rhoqo kwiimeko singaxineki. Ukongeza, Pushkin wayemthanda ungcakazo, yaye ngokufuthi yokulahleka etafileni ikhadi imivuzo yabo, leyo sele kwayona ukuhlawulela indlu.

Le meko yangcono noko xa Natalia wafudukela udade omdala ongatshatanga. Zihlawula yinxalenye iindleko ngokuqesha indawo yokuhlala kwigumbi yemali yakhe. Ngokukodwa, n Goncharova weza kwisikhundla sokuba imbeko uKumkanikazi, yaye bafumana umvuzo olungileyo.

Nolwazi dantes

Pushkin ukuqeshwa kwisikhundla sokuba nene igumbi lokulala, nto leyo ke sisithuko, kodwa kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukwamkela, zibonisa ubukho umfazi wayo nazo zonke iziganeko zentlalo kwelo komkhulu. Kwenye yezi namatheko, yaye kwakukho intlanganiso esibulalayo, ekhankanya nayiphi ngobomi Natali Goncharovoy, ebhalwe ababephila ngexesha lakhe, kwiminyaka emininzi kamva.

Ngoko ke, ngo-1835 umfazi A. S. Pushkina wadibana unyana ezithathwe unozakuzaku Dutch eRashiya - nankosi Georges dantes. Ngokutsho ayephila, kwintlanganiso kunye negosa eyinzwana ekukhanyeni ngonaphakade kwakukho ngamarhe naluphi uxhulumaniso, nabanyelisi Natalya Nikolaevna, nakuba wonke umntu wayesazi ukuba uNicholas zakhe akanankathalo ngokwakhe kuqala.

Zhorzh dantes akazange azifihle ukuba uthando Goncharov, yaye akazange alibazise ukuxelela abahlobo bakho malunga into enethemba lokuba ekugqibeleni bazuze intliziyo yakhe. Wada eqinisekile abazana zawo ezifanayo Idalia Poletika ukumema UNatalia Nikolaevna ekhayeni lakhe kwaye nabangekhoyo yena phantsi ibhaxa, ukuze, xa yena yedwa intanda yakhe, wakwazi athandwe yakhe. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, kwabanjwa intlanganiso kwaye kwaba sesinye sezizathu leyo eyabangela umnxeba Pushkin Cute engumFrentshi.

Zokucwangcisa, kunye nokufa iqabane lokuqala

Xa ekwindla ka-1836 malunga ulwalamano Natalia Nikolaevna kunye dantes Buzz inazo zonke St. Petersburg, kwaye ngomhla wesi-4 Novemba, Pushkin kunye nabahlobo bakhe bafumana lampoon engaziwa, apho imbongi imbasa idiploma cuckold. Umyeni onomona wawa waba nomsindo waza wathumela mngeni dantes. Yena esemsebenzini kwi enqabeni yomkhosi, kunye nendlu kuphela eziphezulu Gekkern. Wayamkela mngeni unyana wakhe, kodwa wacela ukuba kulibaziseka.

Emva kokufunda ngenjongo yokukhusela uzuko Pushkin, indoda engumFrentshi wooed n Goncharova. intombazana Happy, ixesha elide uthando kwigosa yinzwana, hayi nje wanika kwemvume yakhe, kodwa Natalya Nikolaevna kunye nezinye izalamane azama ukweyisela mbongi ukuba dantes wadibana Goncharov, ukuze abe ukusondela kuye.

Pushkin ayikwazanga ukudubula nge nomtshakazi udade-njalo batsala umnxeba. Noko ke, emva kokuba betshatile dantes kunye Catherine namarhe malunga wathandana wakhe Goncharova omncinane yaqhubeka.

NgoJanuwari 23, xa ibhola i engumFrentshi wabonisa zazibethwa ngokunxulumene Pushkin. Ekubeni nje kokuba Alexander wayethembise kukumkani akusayi kubangela Kungquzulwano dantes, wabhala ileta abukhali ukuze Heeckeren. Wanyanzelwa ukuba ukuphendula kunzima, kodwa akaba nako ukulwa Pushkin ngenxa yesimo sakhe ozakuzo, ngoko yena indawo unyana samkelwe.

Ayikho into ukuthintela yintlekele, yaye ngoJanuwari 27 kwi River Black badibana recoditos imbongi enkulu kunye nomxhaphazi yakhe. Ngenxa yoko obethe dantes Pushkin yena uhlatywe wafa kwiintsuku ezimbini kamva.

yada

UMlawuli Nicholas I abayinyamekelayo usapho Pushkin. Uthe imali yokuhlawula amatyala akhe, liqeshe umhlolokazi umhlala phantsi kunye neentombi, abazalwana babhala amaphepha kunye kokukhutshwa umxholo sabo ukuya kwindawo apho baya kufumana umvuzo oonyana.

Natalia kungekho sizathu ukuba bahlale eSt Petersburg, waza waphuma nawo ama-abantwana Linen Factory. Emva kwikomkhulu, yena bendiphila ubomi bathuleyo ngomama engumzekelo kunye nenkathalo, waza waqalisa ukuvela enkundleni kweminyaka 6 kuphela emva kokufa kweqabane.

umshado wesibili

Ebusika 1844 umhlolokazi Pushkin wadibana nomhlobo umzalwana wakhe, uMajor General Petrom Lanskim, bonke ubomi bakhe inkonzo lizwe kwaye hayi kwiminyaka 45 zange atshate. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva wenza isithembiso, yaye kungekudala Pushkin Natalia Goncharova yaba yinkosikazi Lanskaya-ngokupheleleyo endlwini yakhe.

Kule umtshato wazala iintombi amathathu wayonwabile, nangona ziphawuleka leyo ulwalamano lwakhe kunye nomyeni wakhe wesibini akukho eneriseka othatha i "imvakalelo ngokundibamba uthando."

Natalia Goncharova, Pushkin Lanskaya wafa ngowe-1863 eneminyaka engama-51. Yena wangcwatywa kwi-Alexander Nevsky Lavra, yaye kwiminyaka eli-14 ezayo kuye wafumana indawo yakhe yokuphumla lokugqibela, yaye iqabane yesibini. Kuba elabafileyo akayi ukutsala ingqalelo kwabo bangamaziyo ngobomi yomfazi, njengokuba ilitye ukhankanya igama elinye kuphela - Lanskaya.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba ubunzima biography Ndithelekelele ephambili wembongi omkhulu Russian. Ngokutsho memoirs ababephila, enemifanekiso yabantu Natalia Goncharova, Pushkin Lansky ukunika azisole kuphela ubuhle bakhe obufezekileyo. Noko ke, akazange onwabe yakhe.