Ngaba bukho ubomi on Mars? Izazinzulu musa ukuhamba ithemba

I-Red Planet ibisoloko yenye yezinto ezininzi eliyimfihlakalo esibhakabhakeni umntu. Le izazi zakudala baye bafumanisa ukuba umzimba yasezulwini kunye nezinye eziliqela aziphathe ngokwahlukileyo kakhulu ngaphezu kwezinye izinto. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iinkwenkwezi, ukuba atshintsha rhoqo ukuma kwawo esibhakabhakeni.

Eneneni, kanye igama "umhlaba" weza kwiilwimi Russian kunye nezinye baseYurophu isiGrike yamandulo, apho oko ngokoqobo lithetha "ezula." Nangona umahluko izijikelezi kweenkwenkwezi baye bafumanisa elide phambi kokuba amaGrike, i Sumerians namaKaledi, kodwa sisebenzisa namhlanje imbali impucuko yamandulo. IiPlanethi abizwa ngokulandelelana imibutho ukuba bakufikise amaGrike namaRoma. umbala kuncipha of Venus edityaniswa amagwebu ulwandle, ngenxa a apho oko bunxulunyaniswa isithixokazi luthando. Mercury, nto leyo ukuzanyazanyiswa fastest ngapha isibhakabhaka ebusuku, edityaniswa isithunywa ezaziwayo woothixo (uHermes kwi kwinguqulelo ngesiGrike). Krasnoliky Mars ayikwazanga kunokubangela ukunxulumana ngomlilo kunye kwintshabalalo. Kuba abasamkelayo igama uthixo imfazwe.

Kwaye le planethi umdla ingqalelo kuphela kumaxesha amandulo. Kungumdla wethu kuye namhlanje. Mhlawumbi, phakathi zonke izidumbu abandayo kwinkqubo solar Mars na igumbi labahambi osetyenziswe kweli ngobugcisa bomntu. Ancient wambopha ukuba waphezulu. Ngexesha Renaissance, xa waba okungakumbi eyaziwayo iiplanethi, Mars waqalisa waft neminqweno nokuba engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Umbuzo wokuba ingaba kukho ubomi kwiMars, ngokufuthi wadlala phezulu ezincwadini zamabali yesayensi. Ngoko ke, enye umlobi yesayensi yokuqala HG Wells "War of the Worlds 'yakhe ichaza Martians eyoyikekayo, kude ngaphambi earthlings kuphuhliso zeteknoloji bantinga ukutshabalalisa impucuko yethu. Kwaye Edgar Berrouz, phezu koko, amtsale Mars Society amanene womelele, nangona akothusi ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa inkampani bangena Earthman.

Yaye yintoni na inzululwazi sithi: Ingaba kukho ubomi on Mars?

amaninzi kakhulu amabali kwamnandi njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, kuzisa ababhali kunye nabalawuli izimvo zenzululwazi nje kunye nezimvo malunga imida kunokwenzeka. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala izazinzulu jonga ubengo, kwi umbuzo ukuba kukho ubomi kwiMars, kwinkulungwane XVII. Ke iiteleskopu, kwafunyaniswa ukuba planethi ebomvu iye komkhenkce polar, kunye nenani ezinye iimpawu ezifanayo emhlabeni. Oku, Kakade ke, kwakhokelela ekubeni ingcamango ubukho kunokwenzeka enezityalo nezilwanyana apho. Ezo ubungqina kuxoxwa zizazinzulu yoMhlaba ukuya ngexesha yokuhamba isithuba.

Ekugqibeleni, aphelise le aphikisane nokuba kukho ubomi kwiMars okanye hayi, ngokuphawulekayo kungaba indlela enye kuphela. Ngoko ke, lo wokuqala into eyenziwe ngumntu laphehlelelwa kwihlabathi ngowe-1962, kodwa walahlekelwa ukuyilawula. Baba izixhobo kwiSoviet Mars-1. Eemazi zamahashe-2 ifikelele kumphezulu womhlaba, Noko ke, waqhekeza ngexesha lokuhlala. Kuphela Mars-3 kwi-1971 ngokukhuselekileyo ifikelele usukelo yaye wancedisa ukwenza ii-experimenti ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. sibonga ESoviet inkqubo "Mars" kwaye American "Viking" Ekugqibeleni wathabatha umhlobo ndisondele kulo mzimba yasezulwini.

Ngelishwa okanye Ngethamsanqa, iziphekepheke akazange nje ukufumana imizila zobomi, kodwa iimeko leyo kufikelelwe kuwo umhlaba ebomvu, wathetha malunga nakwenzeka kubukho eziphilayo ezintsonkothileyo apho. Noko ke, isibakala sokuba eli Mars ubukhulu becala carbon dioxide, ishiya amathemba kakhulu ngokufumana imizila ubomi ngaphambili. Into yokuba carbon dioxide yimveliso zezityalo. Kwaye ngoko ebusweni bayo bangonakala sachaza ukuba ubomi kwiMars ngokwenene njengangaphambili.

Sele kowama-2000, iziphekepheke baphinde ithunyelwe-ukuhlola emhlabeni. "Phoenix" ngo-2008 kwaye benomdla ( "Ukuba Nomdla") ngo-2012 yokugqibela yi isikhululo uphando yonke. Injongo yakhe yaba uviwo ngokucokisekileyo umhlaba lo mhlaba. Eneneni, izifundo zangaphambili zibonise ukuba mayingabikho ubomi nzima. Kodwa enoba kukho ubomi kwiMars neentsholongwane, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, apho kwaye lunzulu kangakanani iya kufunyanwa - i puzzle ukwazi kakhulu. Isiseko kwezi mathemba awe imvelaphi Mars eyayiwe kanye on Earth. Okumangalisayo kukuba, imikhondo iintsholongwane eyayingekaphuhli ziye kwafunyanwa khona. Ukongeza, kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba namhlanje ihlabathi siyakhuselwa amanzi. Oku kunika intloko ezibalulekileyo kuqala ebomini kuzo zonke obubonakala.