Ngemvelaphi ulwimi Russian kunye nesakhiwo sayo lungelelanisa

ulwimi Russian bobabo ezininzi iilwimi Slavic, leyo yahlulwe East Slavic (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian), West Slavic (Polish, Czech, Slovak) kunye noMzantsi Slavic (Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian kunye Slowinski).

Ngemvelaphi ulwimi Russian

Eyokuqala data ezithetha imbonakalo yakhe, vula ukuya BC ngenkulungwane IX, ngexesha xa kuyilwa yokubhala Slavic. ulwazi oluthembekileyo malunga izizwe Slavic asusela ngenkulungwane IV. Kula maxesha apho sele kwakukho amaqela amathathu eziphambili nokuxubana, ngoko, kunye neelwimi. Noko ke, phezulu ukuya IX-X iinkulungwane, xa ebhala apho, kwakukho efana kakhulu isakhiwo lwegrama kunye nesakhiwo lungelelanisa ukuba izizwe ezahlukeneyo lula ukuqonda omnye. Oku kubonisa ukuba imvelaphi ulwimi Russian kunye nezinye Slavic iqala drevnetserkovnoslavyanskogo jikelele okanye Church Old.

Ngenxa yoko, iilwimi Slavic ziyinxalenye Indo-European, eziquka isiGrike, isiLatini, Romance Modern, esiJamani, Celtic, iilwimi lweBaltic, yaye ezinye iilwimi of India ne Iran. Kubonakala, phakathi basePersi, ulwimi isiAlbania yaye Russian mihla akunanto yakwenza. Noko ke, xa uhlalutyo oluthelekisayo zembali onokuchaza isiseko ezaziqhele, oku kubonisa ukuba zonke iilwimi ngoweqela yaseYurophu Indo-, ixesha kakhulu, elide kakhulu waba ulwimi oluqhelekileyo "iqonga" - ulwimi yaseYurophu Indo-, waqala uphuhliso yayo ezimeleyo kuzo. Ngenxa yoko, ulwimi Proto-Slavic waba isiseko benemfundo, lalo ulwimi Russian. Imvelaphi yazo naziphi na kubo, ngoko ke le nkqubo inde kakhulu, ezintsonkothileyo kakhulu impikiswano, ukwenzela ukuqwalasela imithombo imvelaphi kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokuthelekisa data ezinqongopheleyo kakhulu zembali equlathe iinkozo, ihlala igama elithi-iifom yamandulo kunye owakha zolwimi.

Imvelaphi yamagama kulwimi Russian

Isigama kolwimi Modern Russian zaveza ixesha elide kakhulu. Inkqubo ukuyilwa kobume lungelelanisa kulwimi ngalunye, kuquka Russian, ngokusondeleyo kunxulunyaniswa kunye nophuhliso uhlanga, uphuhliso yembali yabantu. Xa intliziyo yale nkqubo lichonge amacandelo amabini: a ekwakuphila isigama olwalukho ulwimi ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, yaye amagama abolekiweyo, leyo baba ngcembe yinxalenye yenkqubo yayo lungelelanisa.

In isigama Russian ubudala ubudala ukudibanisa amaqela amagama kunye Indo-European, East Slavic, iziseko Old Russian kwaye Russian enyanisweni esalatha ngemvelaphi ulwimi Russian.

isigama yaseYurophu Indo-weza Russian ukusuka kwinkqubo endala ukuba yeharim olunye ulwimi Slavonic. Ngawo la mazwi ebonisa ubudlelwane: unina, uyise, intombi; izilwanyana, inkunzi, imvu; esidlweni - ithambo, inyama kunye nabanye.

Amagama zolwimi olufanayo Slavic njengelifa umanyano loluntu zezizwe Slavic, ukususela AD malunga VI ngekhulu It is a kota ebonisa izityalo kunye nezilwanyana - ikalika, igqabi, um-oki, iinkuni, ehlathini, ingcambu, isebe, amazimba, ertyisi, nerhasi, njl Eli qela lungelelanisa kuquka ingqiqo Ekumiseleni izixhobo kunye ukuhamba - ngamagaba, aluka, ilaphu, umlobothi wakho, elibenze, njl.; amagama anxulumene isihloko yezindlu, ukutya, indlu izinto, iintaka kunye nezilwanyana.

Amagama ngolwimi Russian bobabo kwi East Slavic okanye isigama Old Russian. Eqale ngexesha ukuyilwa Kievan Rus, eziquka izizwe eMpuma nokuxubana. Ngawo la amagama ezifumaneka ngeelwimi ezintathu kuphela Mpuma Slavic, umzekelo, ebonisa umgangatho isenzo - elungileyo, rokotat; ezinye iqondo nomini - step-intombi, kayisekazi: amanye amagama iintaka kunye nezilwanyana, njl

Eneneni ulwimi Russian xa kuthethwa ngolwimi emva lokusekwa uhlanga Enkulu Russian, xa waqalisa ukuba imilo nokuphuhlisa ulwimi yesizwe Russian, malunga nenkulungwane XVII. Ezi ezinye izinto ezibonisa izinto zasekhaya kunye nokutya - rolls ikhaphetshu, ipayi, belyashi; Amagama Action - ukubhobhoza, niziqhekeze, wamthethisa; ezinye izinto ezithile - amava phezulu, ukuqhatha, njl

Ekugqibeleni, iqela ebalulekileyo lungelelanisa kwi Russian kwenza ulwimi ilizwi-yokuboleka, ebandakanyiweyo kuwo kwinkqubo kwamaqhina yenkcubeko, ezorhwebo, yomkhosi ezopolitiko kunye namanye amazwe. amagama ezinjalo ngcembe yaye yayingeyonxalenye, oko kukuthi, aba yinxalenye ulwimi lomthonyama angaphandle kancane intsingiselo yalo. Ngolwimi Russian, ukuba yayize zombini ukusuka kwiilwimi ezinxulumene Slavic, kwakunye non-Slavic. amagama abaninzi baye abolekwe ZesiGrike ngexesha ubunye zezizwe Slavic. isigama Scientific kunye nesigama ukuze becala ukuza kuthi evela kwisiLatini. amagama ulwimi lohlanga (inkoliso AmaTatar) wangena ulwimi Russian ngenxa ekuqaleni ubudlelwane yenkcubeko ukuhlasela karhataka. Enye amaqela amaninzi babumba zokuboleka ukusuka kwiilwimi Western eYurophu, ngenxa utshintsho yenkcubeko, ezomthetho, yomkhosi ezopolitiko karhulumente Russian, ukususela ngexesha uPetros.

Ngemvelaphi ulwimi Russian kunye nesakhiwo sayo lungelelanisa ngokusondeleyo edibene imvelaphi, ukubunjwa kunye nophuhliso uhlanga, isizwe Russian kunye karhulumente, ngokuba ulwimi - imbaxa, "live", ikhula "ephilayo", ebonisa nokubonisa iinkqubo ezidala noluntu.