Nokwakheka. Ingqiniba: isakhiwo, nemisipha, izihlunu kunye nemisebenzi

Isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi amalungu ahlukeneyo emzimbeni, kuquka amathambo amalungu, ukufunda nokwakheka. Ingqiniba inxulumene iikhompawundi wethambo kunye nemilenze free ukhandwa ziinxalenye nokuhlangana 3 amathambo: i ihumerus, ulna kunye radius.

Amacandelo welungu

Le ingqiniba - engaqhelekanga umbutho ezinqinileyo, guilabel ndawonye emagxeni kunye yengalo.

Iimpawu ngesakhiwo ekunokuthiwa ukuba unxibelelwano entsonkothileyo ezimanyeneyo nezidibeneyo.

joint Complex ebizwa ezo ukuyilwa kuquka imiphezulu ngaphezu ezimbini articular. Uyibhekise ezintathu:

• indawo articular le ihumerus epiphysis distal (unit intloko kunye condyle);
• indawo articular le ulna (trochlear nenotshi kunye radiation);
• intloko kunye glenoid isangqa radius.

edityanelweyo Ludityanisiwe ibhekisa ezo zinto apho amalungu eziliqela ezizimeleyo ezidibeneyo audio articular capsule. Uyibhekise in philisi munye ezintathu ezizimeleyo.

Anatomy of engqinibeni joint lomntu yinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu, manyene ezimbaxa ezi-3 iintlobo ezahlukeneyo amalungu:

• humeroulnar - uniaxial, ginglymoid;
• brachioradialis - ungqukuva, kodwa intshukumo yenziwa malunga ezimbini nezamazembe (ngokungqalileyo kunye nkqo);
• radioulnar - zezindlu (ukujikeleza malunga iasi eme nkqo).

iintshukumo eli engqinibeni

isakhiwo joint kwenza kube lula ukwenza isethi ezithile zeentshukumo. Le flexion, ukwandiswa, ujikelezo (pronation kunye supination).

capsule joint

philisi Joint ezingqonge joint-3. It busisigxina ngaphambili emacaleni.

Ngaphambili nangesemva kakhulu ibhityile, wazolula kancinane, kodwa emacaleni ukukhusela engqinibeni lungu yakhe. Anatomy of the synovia iquka amathambo, ezingabandakanywayo kunye intlala, kodwa kwi entlanganweni.

Ligament welungu uyibhekise

bone nganye umchiza - yinto komzimba enzima nengcinga-ngaphandle kakuhle. nemisipha engqinibeni Okuye kwabethelelwa, nezinika ukhuseleko kunye nentshukumo kwi iinqwelomoya ezahlukeneyo.

Ulnar lungu izibambiso iqala esisekweni ihumerus (i condyle medial) akugqiba kwi ulna (trochlear clip).

Ngummeli wowona lungu iphiramidi ebonisa iqala ukusuka ihumerus (epicondyle sclerosis) yahlulwe imiqadi emibini diverge uze uhlanganise intloko radius, ukhuselekile kulo ulna (clip iphiramidi).

Ring kunye iinyanda sikwere radius ezizinzileyo kunye ulna.

lunamaqoqo oneendulana eqhotyoshelweyo imicu ye engqinibeni. Anatomy of the compound ubizwa ngokuba 'intloko ulna. " Yaba yena lowo amaninzi ubunzima ngenxa yokulimala kunye umonakalo.

Ukongeza lungu ephambili umsebenzi nitrogen bone ababandakanyekayo kwaye inwebu interosseous le yengalo. It ukhandwa imiqadi ezomeleleyo adibanayo embindini kunye ulna. Enye yezi imiqadi na icala ukusuka kwelinye icala, ngokuba ngentambo elibhalwe ngokumileyo. It inomngxuma apho imithambo yegazi kunye luvo. Ukuba nedolo Isingqi sisiqalo ukuba inani izihlunu yengalo.

Izihlunu ingqiniba, nokwakheka umsebenzi

Kukho ezininzi amalungu bone engaqhelekanga emzimbeni womntu. Bonke ukufunda nokwakheka. Ilunga engqinibeni awuqhelekanga indlela yaso. Lukhuselwe ngefreym elungileyo dystrophy. umsebenzi iququzelele zonke izihlunu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza liqhawuke welungu ithambo.

Zonke izihlunu ezichaphazela joint engqinibeni zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela ama-3: extensors, ukugoba, rotators (pronation ithwalwa kwaye supination).

extensors joint - esineendidi kwezihlunu (esineendidi), tensor ifascia zengalo kunye uyibhekise kwizihlunu.

ukugoba joint - i izo- (izo-), brachioradialis kunye nezihlunu negxalaba.

Pronator - brachioradialis kwezihlunu, pronator teres kwezihlunu, isikwere pronator ukwenza iintshukumo ojikeleza ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

Insoles - zomfana, supinator, brachioradialis kwezihlunu phendula zengalo evela ngaphakathi.

Ukwenza umzimba ukuba komelezwe izihlunu adweliswe, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukhuseleko. Ilunga engqinibeni idla wenzakele abadlali.

Igazi unikezelo ukusa engqinibeni joint, ukwakheka komzimba

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba indawo ngexesha ukufumana izondlo ukuba beze kuye igazi. Kuba onke amalungu kunye nezihlunu kuvela kwiqela kwemithambo. Ziqulethe amasebe 8, nto leyo zicwangciswe encotsheni philisi ehlangeneyo.

network ezincinane ukuba unikezele igazi ukuya entlanganweni, iqulathe iimpahla kunye negama "anastomosis".

komzimba ngesimo welungu engqinibeni - eli uxhulumaniso inzima kakhulu scheme semithambo. Ngenxa eli cebo lwenziwa ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa wegazi kwemali, ukuya entlanganweni. Ephuma lwenziwa ngenxa yegazi.

innervation izihlunu

Yintoni eyenza ukuba inkqubo intshukumo kwi joint? Kukho amaziko luvo ezikhethekileyo obonisa innervation kwezihlunu. Le ziqu kunye luvo udibaniso. Nenzelwe inceba phambi engqinibeni.

Iimpawu welungu engqinibeni, yenze uphando

Ilunga engqinibeni elisesichengeni kakhulu, njengoko uhlala baboniswa ntshikilelo emzimbeni.

Amaxesha amaninzi, ukuze ukuqonda unobangela intlungu, ugqirha umisela zophando ezongeziweyo. Kusenokuba X-ray, MRI, ultrasound, arthroscopy, ingqiniba okuhlatywa.

Ezi uphando zibonisa imeko yangoku amathambo kunye nemisipha bendawo ehlangeneyo. Kulo mfanekiso isifundo yonke ukwakheka komzimba wakhe uya kubonakala. Ingqiniba - nti oluxandileyo, ufuna ukufundisisa ngenyameko kwaye enenkcukacha ngoncedo kwezixhobo ezongezelelweyo.

Indlela ephambili kwezifo zokufumanis ingqiniba - ray. Thatha imifanekiso uqikelelo ezimbini. Amvumela ukuba ubone zonke utshintsho emathanjeni.

Ukuze ubone izifo zamacandelo engqinibeni soft amagqirha ukusebenzisa ezinye iindlela.

Ukwenzakala kunye nezifo

buhlungu rhoqo kule ndawo engqinibeni ndingatsho ukuba kukho ezinye iintshukumo zokwaphulwa kwemithetho. Emva kokuba uviwo, uxilongo osetyenziswe - i arthrosis. Kwenzeka, yaye samathambo, kwaye ngaphezulu.

arthrosis

Oku kwenzeka kakhulu alufane ngakumbi ngedolo okanye hip amalungu. Olusemngciphekweni abantu abanomsebenzi kunxulumene nasemthwalweni nochatha joint engqinibeni linembali trauma okanye uqhaqho kwi engqinibeni, kunye yonyango okanye pathways ukuphazamiseka, kunye samathambo.

Iimpawu eziphambili zezi: rhoqo intlungu iqaqamba ukuba kwenzeka emva kokuba umsebenzi ngokwasemzimbeni. Lenza emva kokuba abanye. Ukunqakraza okanye egramza ingqiniba. Ukucutha iindidi sentshukumo.

samathambo

isifo arhabaxa ngokuhlangeneyo. Izizathu ezinokwenzeka zininzi. Babe zosulelo, negazi, umthwalo phezulu kwi joint, ukungondleki.

Ifomu arthritis kuba oyingozi okanye engapheliyo.

Iimpawu eziphambili: intlungu ezingisayo, isikhumba ukuba bomvu, ukudumba, ukunqongophala ukuhamba ngokudibeneyo.

isifo samathambo

Kwiimeko ezininzi, uyibhekise wabetha isifo samathambo. iimpawu zayo: ukuqina kusasa, samathambo macala (omabini amalungu asha), iintlungu ezingapheliyo, ukubandakanyeka kwinkqubo sifo amalungu ezincinane ngakumbi (izandla, iqatha, iwotshi, idolo).

epicondylitis

ukugula rhoqo abantu omsebenzi wakhe elidityaniswe imithwalo phezulu kwi engqinibeni (intenetya, igalufa, wrestling).

lateral, medial: Kukho 2 iindidi na.

Iimpawu eziphambili: intlungu ndawo epicondyle eyonakeleyo, elisuke kwizihlunu ngesa- (ngaphambili okanye ngasemva). Ekuqaleni intlungu sifo kwenzeka emva umthambo. Kwixesha elizayo, iintlungu ziviwa nkqu iintshukumo engephi.

bursitis

Ukudumba philisi ehlangeneyo. Kaninzi kwenzeka kubantu omsebenzi wakhe ibandakanya walimala rhoqo phezu ngomva ye engqinibeni.

Eyona engundoqo Iimpawu: ukudumba, throbbing iintlungu, ukudumba Ezomva engqinibeni, nomqathango awo motion. Ngokufuthi iimpawu eziphambili fever, imo ubuthathaka jikelele, umkhuhlane, baqala intloko.

ukulimala

nempembelelo ezingafunekiyo emzimbeni kwi engqinibeni kungadala ukwenzakala. Le dislocation, ithambo, enyelisa, legazi joint (hemarthrosis), umonakalo kwezihlunu, articular capsule komsipha.

Loku limala kunye nezifo qho nazo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukuze uzikhusele ngokwakho kubo, kufuneka enze amanyathelo othintelo: ukuba xiphephana ngokungafanelekanga, uzinike luphumlo ngexesha, nto luthintelo ibalulekileyo iimeko ezibuhlungu emsebenzini, ukubambelela ukutya, ngokulinganisela uqeqesho olufunekayo kunye articular imithambo.