Of the Code Criminal: imigaqo yoxanduva mthetho

umsebenzi Human usoloko kongomisiwaka eka injongo ethile. Ngokuphathelele kule ngxelo, sinokugqiba ukuba abantu kuzo zonke iimeko, sebenzisa ingqondo yakho evumela ukuba ukuhlalutya iinkcukacha ze kube phezu izigwebo zabo ngayo. Loo into ibizwa ngokuba sezingqondweni. Ubukho kolu didi iyayahlula abantu izilwanyana, nayo, senze kuphela ngokusekelwe ukuhamba.

Kodwa ke ingxaki lilele yokuba imisebenzi yabantu, kwezinye iimeko azisoloko abonela sikhokelo yokuziphatha kuphuhliswa kuluntu. Oko kukuthi, ngendlela ethile ukuba anyhashwe ngabantu. Ukuhlukunyezwa njani zizakujongwa njengo isikhundla kwenkqubo unxulumano abantu ngokwemigaqo-nkqubo esemthethweni. Ngapha koko, naziphi na izenzo eziphikisana naziphi iziseko yokuziphatha oluntu, njengoko umthetho, mthethweni, oko kukuthi, kuba inzaliseko yabo umntu ubethwa sezomthetho.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imihlaba ngokusemthethweni i-Russian Federation yahlulwe kwiindawo ezithile, ngokuxhomekeke into ummiselo, oko kukuthi, iintlobano ezithile zentlalo. Enye amasebe komthetho kule meko mthetho. imithetho yayo elawula ubudlelwane ezivelayo abantu ekwenzeni izenzo kakhulu yingozi. Kulo mzekelo, i yolwaphulo isebe umthetho ikwafaka uxanduva Institute. ukuphunyezwa kwayo lwenzeka kwi ngokusekelwe kwesakhelo somthetho okhoyo kunye nemigaqo ethile, iimpawu eziza thaca apha.

umthetho yesebe Criminal

Oku sele kuchaziwe ukuba imihlaba esemthethweni yomGaqo-Russian Federation iqulathe uluhlu lweziqalelo nanoqhagamshelwano. umthetho Criminal kulo mzekelo ngomnye wabo. Le mveliso, nto, kananjalo ubume yayo. Principles of uxanduva mthetho ezinxulumene enye yeencindi yayo. Ngoko ke, ukuba uhlahlelo olupheleleyo intswelo yabo ukuqonda iimpawu shishino.

UMthetho wolwaPhulo - uludwe lwemimiselo-omthetho nokulungelelanisa ubudlelwane zikarhulumente isigaba kwizenzo eziyingozi ekuhlaleni. Oko kukuthi, kulo mzekelo, loo nto kukwaphula elula zomthetho, kunye nezenzo eziye kumgangatho ophezulu ingozi eluntwini kunye ngabanye, kwakunye unobangela neziphumo ezibi. Njengoko sisiva sona, ummiselo yolwaphulo-ngokusemthethweni elwe entsimini enikiweyo, kuba kwimeko yophuhliso iyingozi kakhulu iziseko yokuziphatha kunye esemthethweni yoluntu singasebenza.

umthwalo mthetho

Njengokuba bekutshiwo ngaphambili, imigaqo uxanduva zolwaphulo - ezi iziqalelo elinye lamaziko zoshishino zasemthethweni ezifanelekileyo kunokudenda. Ukungqinelana imfundiso jikelele karhulumente kunye nomthetho, nawuphi na ummiselo kwisigaba ubunjwe nemimiselo kunye namaziko. nobutyala, yena, woba kudidi yokugqibela. Iziko shishino lolwaphulo kubalulekile. Eneneni, ngaye, enyanisweni, ekubhekiswe kuyo kwiSiqendu sphere ukusebenza jikelele.

Ukongeza, ukuba nobutyala - na uhlobo abasabela ngayo karhulumente kunye noluntu, leyo ziyasetyenziswa ebusweni, ukuphumeza uhlobo oluthile senzo. Le meko usoloko negative ukuba ugwetyiwe, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo iintsilelo imiba emzimbeni, ngokuziphatha, yemali neyomthetho. Noko ke, uxanduva mthetho uphunyeziwe phantsi imithetho engqongqo, olusekelwe phezu ulawulo lomthetho kunye nokulawula komthetho. Kwakhona Ngelo xesha kukho eminye imiba yomthetho lokuphunyezwa kwale ndlela yokusabela kunye karhulumente kuluntu. Ubungqina kunjalo imigaqo yoxanduva mthetho.

Unxibelelwano imithetho ephathelene nobugebenga kunye iluxanduva Institute

Le nkqubo-sikhokelo zolawulo nawuphi na ilizwe lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ukulawulwa uhlobo oluthile lolwalamano. Izenzo zomthetho imithetho ezizinzileyo leyo ukulungisa indawo ezingundoqo amaziko azimeleyo. Ukubaluleka komthetho mthetho luphawulwa yile yokuba kukho ukugqiba imigaqo esisiseko yoxanduva mthetho. Ukongeza, ummiselo ezingundoqo ezinikezelwa yi kwishishini esemthethweni lilawula inkqubo ukubonwa uluntu indlela ezimbi ngayo ulwaphulo-mthetho. On top of ukuba kukho isiqinisekiso ngokusemthethweni uxanduva mthetho ngokunxulumene bobubi.

Ingcamango imigaqo nobutyala

Naluphi na udidi somthetho esisekelwe phezu kweenkolelo ngeenkolelo, ezo ezisisigxina sikhokelo yolawulo. Kule meko sithetha ngayo umba efana ngemigaqo yobulungisa Russian. Noko ke, kukho umbuzo ubhalo imigaqo. Eli gama luphawulwa izimvo ezibalulekileyo ezenza isiseko yeziko yonke indlela yayo ukusebenza ngoko nangoko. Kulo mzekelo, imigaqo yomthetho mthetho (zolwaphulo- liability) ayithethi nje ayisekho kumthetho, yaye bamele isiqinisekiso of consistency ukuchaneka indlela loluntu macala.

izimiso Iimpawu

Ukuqwalasela iingqiqo ngasentla, oko Kungaphikiswa ukuba imigaqo elityala, Russian mthetho ezineefitsha isici. Oku kubonisa ukubaluleka nokumelwa didi kwi inkqubo ummiselo osemthethweni kwicandelo elithile. Ngaloo ndlela, imigaqo uxanduva zolwaphulo luphawulwa mpawu zilandelayo:

1) Benze ezenziwe ngenjongo Ekwenzeni ityala lolwaphulo-i-Institute. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba adale isakhelo ezithile apho kuyo liyafezekiswa ngqo.

2) Le migaqo yoxanduva mthetho busisigxina kwinqanaba yowiso-mthetho, oko kukuthi kushishino iqhosha Act, i-Code Criminal. Oku kubonisa imfuno ukuthotyelwa kwisicelo esichazwe kweli nqaku Institute.

3) Umgaqo ngasinye kuphela iyodwa kubume bayo. Oko isikhundla sabo babone icala kukho amacandelo ahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo yoxanduva mthetho.

4) Iimbono esisiseko ukukhawulelana iintsingiselo yedemokhrasi kunye nemimiselo-siseko.

5) Imigaqo Okukodwa ngenxa yobume eyaziyo, isebe lolwaphulo-mthetho kuyo banendawo.

Imithetho-siseko ye-Criminal Code of uxanduva mthetho

Lo mthetho ngoku Russian lidwelisa zonke i izimvo ezingundoqo ichazwe kweli nqaku Institute. Ngaloo ndlela, imigaqo esisiseko nobutyala yile ilandelayo:

- semthethweni;

- umgaqo ityala;

- umgaqo wobulungisa;

- umgaqo abantu;

- isibonelelo ukulingana bonke abemi ngaphandle kokukhetha umthetho yolwaphulo-mthetho.

Yonke imigaqo yomthetho mthetho, yolwaphulo ubutyala udlalwa kakhulu indima ebalulekileyo isicelo yeziko wathi ngamnye. Ngoko ke, imeko yabo kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngabanye ukuze aqonde ngokupheleleyo ngakumbi indlela abasabela loluntu sanctions yezentlalo kunye yingozi.

Uxanduva Legal (Criminal Code)

Ukuphunyezwa naliphi na iziko elisemthethweni kufuneka uthathe indawo ngaphakathi sikhokelo engqongqo yolawulo. Imigaqo ngokubanzi uxanduva mthetho ezidweliswe ngasentla kubonisa ngokupheleleyo eli ithisisi. Kulo mzekelo, ixabiso elikhulu unalo yokuqala semthethweni impendulo ngokusemthethweni ulwaphulo-mthetho. Undoqo yalo mgaqo ukuba nobutyala zinokuphunyezwa kuphela ngokwesakhelo nemimiselo yomthetho i-Code Criminal. Kwangaxeshanye oko ayinamsebenzi ubuzaza betyala. Uxanduva kufuneka kwenziwe ngokungqinelana nomthetho langoku.

Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela umgaqo abameli semthethweni karhulumente ekuphumezeni izohlwayo amatyala ngenxa kukuswela semthethweni izenzo zabo. Kwezinye iimeko, olu hlobo "mpazamo 'inokuba yingxaki kakhulu, nto leyo ayisayi kuvumela ukuba bazobe umntu ukuphendula kuba izenzo ezenziwe nguye. Ukongeza, lo mthetho kubonakala kwinto yokuba abaphuli lunokuxhomekeka kuphela ezinjalo izohlwayo ukuba ziqhotyoshelwe ngqo Code yoLwaphulo ye-Russian Federation. Neminye imilinganiselo yempembelelo kubo akuvumelekanga.

Umgaqo akunakuphepheka yoxanduva mthetho

Nasiphi na isenzo kuxhomekeke kwisikhokelo yolawulo lesebe lolwaphulo-mthetho, kufuneka ufezekise inani iimfuno ezithile. Ukuba izenzo yalo okanye loo mntu unalo zonke iziqalelo nokwakhiwa isenzo esiyingozi ekuhlaleni, oko kuya kuxhomekeka ekubeni nobutyala. Ngelo xesha linye ukubaluleka inkulu umgaqo ityala, okanye akunakuphepheka emibi. Ubukho balo ibonisa jikelele ukhuseleko ngokwasemthethweni uhlobo lolwaphulo-mthetho nawuphi na zonke zomthetho nezobudlelwane ezivela namhlanje kuluntu. Oko kukuthi, nokuba iimeko abantu abaye mthetho uza kohlwaywa.

Kodwa kulo mba efunekayo umsebenzi abanobuchule-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho. Ngapha koko, imisebenzi yabo swi ubungqina ityala kwiimeko ezithile. Ukuba akabanga isibakala yokubandakanyeka umntu othile ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho na, le migaqo iya kuqala ukusebenza zokuxolelwa kubutyala mthetho.

ukulingana kwabahlali

Inqaku lesi-4 le-Code Criminal umisela eqhelekileyo ukuba akukho mntu naziphi na izinto phezu komthetho-mthetho. Kulo mzekelo, umgaqo ukulingana kwabemi kuboniswa. Eyona iphambili kukuba luxanduva yolwaphulomthetho ndaqonda ngaphezu kwabo bonke ngokomdla woluntu, oko kukuthi i-Russian Federation. Ayizi phambili ukudlala nayiphi indima imvelaphi, isimo, Lithamsanqa lobuqu, unqulo, ubuhlanga, ibala njalo njalo. N.

Ngamanye amazwi, kwimeko apho isenzo esibi nawuphi na umntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimpawu zakhe zobuqu, uya kudibana qho eqhelekileyo phambi komthetho. Ukongeza, umgaqo ukulingana kwabemi akavumeli kwakhona zinyhasha amaqela ezithile zentlalo ngamakhono abo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba yokuqala langoku kudlala indima ebalulekileyo, kuba ibonakalisa imigaqo-siseko engundoqo kunye neendlela lwentando yesininzi eRashiya namhlanje.

Umgaqo wobulungisa (uxanduva)

Ekuhambeni lolawulo lobulungisa udlala umba obalulekileyo wayo nje kuphela, kodwa okusesikweni. Olu phawu iboniswe kwenye ngemigaqo mthetho yangoku. Ingcamango olusisiseko ukunyaniseka uxanduva mthetho okanye icala lomuntu-mthetho kuxhomekeke kwiinkalo ezingundoqo ezimbini:

- I isigwebo lwamatyala ubunzima kuphela umntu owonileyo ngqo. Loo nto ukusulela uxanduva kwabanye akuvumelekanga.

- uxanduva kuya kuvunyelwa kuphela ngokusekelwe ityala eqinisekisiwe kwaye isigqibo ahambelana lentendelezo. Abanye abaphengululi baye bahlanganisa lesi ithisisi njenge zizathu eyahlukileyo umgaqo uxanduva mthetho kumthetho mthetho.

Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela imiqathango ubulungisa kunye isiphoso lobuqu kukwaphula inyala, ekubeni kukho ingozi enkulu icala hayi abatyholwayo ikhomishini umntu-mthetho.

Nobuntu yonxulumano yezomthetho kulwaphulo-

Idemokhrasi yabafowunelwa zentlalo kwilizwe lethu, kwakunye siqonde imithetho kwezinye izinto yaseYurophu kudala ekhethekileyo ku-uhlobo umgaqo. Enye yezi zobuntu. Ngokusekelwe kolu didi ngokusemthethweni, abaninzi zakhiwa, kuquka nobutyala. Ngaloo indawo nobuntu ekubhekiselwe kuyo kwiSiqendu walibonakalisa ngeendlela ezimbini:

- Okokuqala, umthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho lunikezelwa ukukhuselwa inkululeko, ngokuba ngokwahlukileyo ngamnye kunye nobomi bakhe ixabiso eliphezulu karhulumente.

- Okwesibini, kwimfuno yokuphatha ngokobuntu kunye nezaphuli, ngenxa yokuba nabo abantu. Ngelo xesha nye evumela isithintelo amalungelo abo iqondo siwenze lo mthetho.

isiphelo

Ngoko sizama ukufumana phandle uyintoni na emiselwe yolwaphulo mthetho uxanduva. Xa ndiqukumbela, kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba icandelo iziko elichaphazelekayo iyaphunyezwa yonke le nkqubo ngeenkolelo, leyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni kunye ubuntu.