Phila ngenxa art: imbali decadence

Mysterious nezinomtsalane elithi "baziphatha" waziwa hayi kuphela kumgca ezaziwayo-kakuhle ingoma ngu Agatha Christie "umlaliso nabani na." Maxa wambi, uluntu kwathetha ukuba ilizwi elide umtya kweziganeko ezenkcubeko ilixa ubuciko iintshukumo ezithile zentlalo ukuba lubandakanye izinto decadence. Live ne eyonakele inimba, usiko ngencakuba tsolo kwi Kolko iglasi ezikhululekileyo - ezi iimpawu ngokuziphatha, nangoku ebangela unomdla ngokufihlakeleyo okanye ezicacileyo.

Ibali ngokuziphatha, njengoko sisazi namhlanje, yaqala akunjalo kudala, kodwa inee- imizekelo ezimibalabala kunye neenkcazelo ubuntu. kweyeshumi elinesibhozo kwaye yeshumi elinesithoba - ilixa utshintsho kakhulu kwaye ukho kweli xesha Sivela ibali "aesthetes lithemba" ngokwaphula imida eqhelekileyo, imbali decadence.

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala elithi "baziphatha" sele isetyenziswa njengomfuziselo ngezenzeko enkcubeko uBukhosi baseRoma, oko livela kwisiLatini French decadentia ngokuziphatha, nto leyo ithetha ukuhla, eziwayo. Baziphatha Ngoku bunxulunyaniswa subculture ngalinye, kunjalo , le nkcazo akuyonyaniso ngokupheleleyo. Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kade, ababhali abaninzi, edibanisa umsebenzi wakhe ezinye iimpawu imiqondiso, aestheticism kunye romanticism, bafumana ukhanyidelo ngemisebenzi Edgara Alana Poe - umbhali kwezi ndawo zikhankanywe apha ngasentla, kwakunye njalo kuxokwa- "Inoveli zwe." ifilosofi waseKorinte idibanisa indlela nangezakhono ubunyani, kufunwa ngonaphakade sobuhle jini: ukufa, lithemba, ubuhule lwesono. inkcubeko waseKorinte luphawulwa inkululeko ubuntu, kukulahlwa kwawo eyamkelekileyo nemigangatho yokuziphatha kunye iingcinga, inkululeko yokucinga nendlela yokuphila, ngokunjalo kwi non-nokwamkelwa ingcamango lemimoya ngokwayo. Ngoko ke, i ngalinye mihla kuphela imikhuba ngokuziphatha, kodwa la magama azikho twatse.

Uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo ingcamango yokuba ukungakwazi kuziphatha yaqala emva imbali yentanda nezembali "Reflections on ngoonobangela ubukhulu ukuwa zamaRoma." Kuyo, uCharles-Lui De uMontesquieu, eyaziwa ngexesha sobulumko French kunye nombhali, ibonisa on inkululeko kunye nokuhambisana esebenzayo yabantu ebomini karhulumente, njengoko isiqinisekiso se ekuphuhliseni uluntu. Kulo mzekelo uBukhosi baseRoma, uMontesquieu uthi kuphela geqe, apho igcinwa inkululeko yabemi, unokongamela inkqubela, kwezinye iimeko, uluntu aphumelele ukubola kunye angakwazi. Kamva la magama - ukwehla kunye ukonakala - weza ukusetyenziswa nabagxeki zoncwadi. Noko ke, ababhali ixesha akayi kudana abo 'umoya waseKorinte. " Ngokwahlukileyo koko, neqhayiya ngaye.

Ngoko ke decadence kwakungekho ekhula, waza waba uphawu yovukelo kunye nobuchule uqhankqalazo. Njengoko abanawo ngayo esezansi kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kade - kukulo xesha ushiya sincoko 'kumgxobhozo Movement e Literature "Artura Saymonsa, le inoveli" Picture of UDorian Grey "ngu Oscar Wilde, kwadala impikiswano enkulu eNgilani, kwaye ngobuwena lokuhlala decadence yeengcungcu uba Robert de Montesquiou, umbhali franztsuzsky kunye esthete engumlawuli owenza dandyism nobugcisa nendlela ubomi bakhe. Ngelo xesha wahlakulela ingcamango nobuhle, free-form ufakwa umxholo, ubomi ngenxa yobuhle, lobuhle ubuhule, kunye ababhali kumgxobhozo agxininise ukuba uqinisile akufuneki ukuba ilingane indlela yokuziphatha. Enyanisweni, baziphathe amalungiselelo, wavuma ngokwasentlalweni, yanto yaye ziqwalaselwe eziphelelwe lixesha.

Okokugqibela decadence iya ngaphaya ngobungcibi yaba geqe, imo kunye bulumko. Kuyo, hayi nje ukuqonda iimpawu imiqondiso, romanticism, entsha exabisekileyo, kodwa bayo, dandyism, gentility. Malunga eli xesha decadence yaba kwindawo yokuqala ukuze kwimpucuko. nempembelelo enkulu phezu kwintanda-bulumko aestheticism kunye decadence ukuba Apocrypha Uayld, odumileyo kuphela ngamabali ayo nobugcisa kwaye imbono esithintelweyo kunye isigqebelo zehlabathi, kodwa capacious ukubhala sandulela ukuya reissue of "Umfanekiso UDorian Grey" yakhe inoveli. Kuyo, yena zichazwe nokuvakaliza ngokuchanileyo iingcinga eziphambili nobuhle, leyo enikelwe ebomini bakhe bonke: umbhali uvumelekile ukuba ukumela nantoni na kule misebenzi, yaye vice, okubi, kwakunye isidima, ubunyulu - kuphela isiseko umsebenzi wakhe. Njengoko igxininiswe Wilde, kwimizobo akukho ingqiqo okubi, kukho kuphela indlela abanetalente okanye eliphakathi lokubulawa.

Ukongezelela iWilde, ekuweni ngexesha bababengezelela ezifana manani impikiswano njengoko Ernest Dowson, Sharl Bodler, Zinaida Gippius, Marie Corelli kunye nabanye sibonakalalisiwe liyabonakala kwaye nangoku ezinxulumene kunye neesimboli isiphako emnyama decadence :. Absinthe, nesilinda, iisuti, ayive uzakuwushiya ungajongwangwa ngexeshana angenelelayo ngokulambisa perceptible, kwaye ukuba yokungakhathali ngengozi, iincoko ezinde malunga art kunye nobomi ngenye imini. Baziphatha akukho abayinqobo kuye fane, kodwa pretentiousness wokubonelwa, affectation, ukuphelelwa lithemba abanothando, ibinzana yenyama, ukuhlanganiswa neemvakalelo ukubanda yeengcungcu elidangazelayo - Kwakhona enye iimpawu decadence.

Ntlokoma decadence yamandulo weva kwaye ngoku: ngo nobuhle bakhe umculo osetyenziswayo Obermaneken, umdaniso owenzelwa Pierrot le fou, Agata Kristi, Abafileyo Dance, uMarilyn Manson. Xa umsebenzi impembelelo idlulileyo dandyism ngokubanzi kwaye decadence ethile umkhondo kakhulu ngokucacileyo album The Golden Age Of abahlekisayo.

In yanamhlanje decadence eninzi ubukhazikhazi Retro kunye ngalinye, kodwa wokuzinikela zobugcisa endala kumgxobhozo sele ulibele. Namhlanje yenye kuphela uhlobo azenza, ngezandla "umdlalo lehla": i mood ongenathemba, lithemba isandla-Ukucofa kunye fake gazi ezandleni zakhe ukuzibulala. Romanticizing yobumnyama nokufa nangoku kubangela inkxalabo, kodwa elizibalula kwempumelelo amakhulu sele emva kwethu, yaye wanyamalala trend adlise ubomi ngobugcisa enze yobugcisa ubomi bakhe.