Factor Environmental - ukuba ... imvelo kunye nabantu. Iintlobo ngeemeko zokusingqongileyo. Ucalulo ngeemeko zokusingqongileyo

Ngokupheleleyo zonke izinto on Earth kuphenjelelwa ngeemeko zokusingqongileyo. Kunokuba ngqo okanye engathanga ngqo, kodwa iba nefuthe elibonakalayo nemisebenzi yabantu, imeko izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. factor Environmental - i-elementi indalo, ebangela eziphilayo ukuba ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezithile ebomini. Ngamana kuchatshazelwa yi-iimpawu zemozulu zale ndawo (ubushushu, ukufuma, imvelaphi radiation, isimo, ukukhanyisa), imisebenzi yabantu okanye ukusebenza nabantu ezininzi eziphilayo (parasitism, uburhamncwa, ukhuphiswano).

Ukumiselwa kwe factor lokusingqongileyo

NgoLwesithathu - luhlobo imeko, oba esiphilayo, nto leyo echaphazela imisebenzi yayo ebalulekileyo. Oku kunokuba iseti izenzakalo imizimba eziphathekayo, amandla. factor Environmental - ngumba-bume apho eziphilayo kufuneka bavumelane. Oku kuba ukuncipha okanye ukwanda kwamaqondo obushushu, ukufuma okanye ukoma, imvelaphi radiation, nemisebenzi yabantu, ukhuphiswano phakathi izilwanyana, njalo njalo. D. Igama elithi "Indawo" kwindalo yinxenye yendalo, apho izinto eziphilayo, kuquka nento yokuba ukunikezela impembelelo ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo. Lo ngumba ngoba ngandlela kuchaphazela sifundo. Environment esoloko itshintsha, iinxalenye zayo candelo zahlukahlukene, ngoko izilwanyana, izityalo kunye nabantu kufuneka bavumelane njalo, ukuziqhelanisa, ukuze sisinde ithile zande.

Ucalulo ngeemeko zokusingqongileyo

On eziphilayo ukuba iziphumo zombini yendalo neyenziweyo yenziwe. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokuhlelwa, kodwa kucingelwa ukuba i yeyona ixhaphakileyo iintlobo neemeko zokusingqongileyo ezifana abiotic, zasemanzini kunye anthropogenic. Zonke izinto eziphilayo bachatshazelwa ndingade isenzeko, kwaye amacandelo endalo ezingaphiliyo. Le izinto abiotic echaphazela impilo yabantu, izityalo, izilwanyana. Nabo ke, yahlulwe edaphic sezulu, imichiza, lokuhlola amanzi, pyrogenic, orographic.

UkuKhanya, ukufuma, ubushushu, uxinzelelo womoya uyancipha kunye imvula, imitha yelanga, umoya ekunokuthiwa ngeemeko zokusingqongileyo. Edaphic kuchaphazela eziphilayo ngalo ubushushu, umoya kunye nolawulo namanzi, ukwakhiwa kwayo chemical kunye nesakhiwo mechanical, inqanaba komhlaba, iasidi. izinto Chemical - lo ukwakhiwa amanzi anetyuwa, igesi ukwakhiwa emoyeni. Pyrogenic - ifuthe lomlilo kokusingqongileyo. eziphilayo kufuneka baziqhelanise ngokuma, kwendawo, kwakunye iimpawu emanzini, umxholo wayo kwezinto eziphilayo nezimbiwa.

factor zasemanzini yokusingqongileyo - yinto ubudlelwane eziphilayo, kwakunye nefuthe ubudlelwane babo kokusingqongileyo. Le nguqu isenokuba ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye eziphilayo bayakwazi ukuphembelela kwemozulu, ukutshintsha ubume bomhlaba , njl imiba zasemanzini yahlulwe ntlobo ezine: .. Phytogenic (izityalo ezichaphazela okusingqongileyo kunye nabanye), zoogenic (izilwanyana ezichaphazela okusingqongileyo kunye nabanye) mikogennye (ngokunamandla amakhowa) kunye mikrobiogennye (embindini kukho iintsholongwane).

Man-eyenziwe factor yokusingqongileyo - ukutshintsha eziphilayo iimeko ngenxa kwimisebenzi ophilayo. Izenzo zinokuba zombini abazi kunye zingqondweni. Noko ke, kusenokukhokelela kwiinguqu ezingenakulungiseka endalweni. Umntu esaphula umaleko womhlaba, kungcolisa umoya namanzi kunye izinto ezinobungozi, unika kwinkangeleko yendalo. izinto Anthropogenic lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ngamaqela ezine eziphambili: eziphilayo, imichiza, ezentlalo kunye emzimbeni. They are bonke ngamaqondo ahlukahlukeneyo, kuchaphazela izilwanyana, izityalo, iintsholongwane negalelo ukuvela kweentlobo ezintsha isusa ebusweni endala.

Imiphumo imichiza ngeemeko zokusingqongileyo kwi eziphilayo jikelele kuba nefuthe elibi kokusingqongileyo. Ukuze kufumaneke izivuno ezilungileyo, abantu basebenzisa izichumiso kunye ukubulala izitshabalalisi kunye iityhefu, ngaloo ndlela eyonakalisayo umhlaba kunye namanzi. Kwakhona kufanele zongezwe ukuthutha inkunkuma kunye noshishino. izinto Physical Kulindeleke ukuba xa moya, oololiwe, iimoto, ukusetyenziswa amandla enyukliya, iimpembelelo izinto ze lokungcangcazela kunye ingxolo. Musa ukulibala ngolwalamano phakathi kwabantu eluntwini. Imiba zebhayoloji ziquka eziphilayo apho umntu ngumthombo ukutya okanye indawo yokuhlala, nantsi kuyimfuneko ukuba baphathe ukutya.

zemvelo

Kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zazo iingalo eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo basabela nezici abiotic. iimeko zokusingqongileyo ukuguquka ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye, Kakade, ukutshintsha imithetho ukusinda, ukukhula kunye nokukotshwa eziphilayo, izilwanyana, izinto. Umzekelo, ubomi uhlaza kwi ezantsi ichibi anqongophele ngenxa yemali ukukhanya kusichukumisa emanzini. Inani lezilwanyana libe lelona eninzi ioksijini. nempembelelo enkulu eziphilayo enefiva, ngenxa ukuncipha okanye indyebo yalo ibenefuthe kuphuhliso kunye nokuzala. Ngexesha yobudala ice ufile ngaphandle mammoths kuphela kunye Dinosaurs, kodwa ezinye izilwanyana ezininzi, iintaka kunye nezityalo, ngaloo ndlela ukutshintsha kokusingqongileyo. Ukufuma, lobushushu nokukhanya - ezi zezona zinto ziphambili emisela imiqathango ubukho eziphilayo.

ukukhanya

Ilanga onika ubomi izityalo ezininzi, izilwanyana, ayikho kubalulekile njengoko ngabameli nezihluma, kodwa sekunjalo ukwenza ngaphandle. Izibane Natural - yinto umthombo amandla endalo. Izityalo ezininzi yohlulwe ekukhanyeni-onothando nomthunzi-wokunyamezela. iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zibonisa indlela thabatha, okanye dibanisa ekukhanyeni. Kodwa impembelelo ebalulekileyo ilanga ngomhla nobusuku, ngenxa yokuba nabameli ezahlukeneyo zezilo ezi kuphela zasebusuku okanye diurnal. Isiphumo ngeemeko zokusingqongileyo kwi ephilayo kunzima ukuba zazi, kodwa xa kufikwa izilwanyana, zokukhanya aluchaphazeli ngqo, oko nje ibonisa imfuno ngokutsha iinkqubo ezikhoyo emzimbeni, ukuze abantu abaphilayo baphendule utshintsho phantsi kweemeko yangaphandle.

ukufuma

Ukuxhomekeka amanzi zonke izidalwa eziphilayo likhulu kakhulu, kuba kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusebenza kwazo. Uninzi eziphilayo abakwazi ukuhlala emoyeni ezomileyo, kungekudala emva koko baya kufa. Imali ye kwezulu kangangexesha elithile, luphawulwa iindawo ukufuma. Ulele ukubamba umphunga wamanzi evela feed emoyeni usebenzisa iingcambu zesityalo, amanzi okusela izilwanyana, izinambuzane, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini nako uyifince ngokusebenzisa izigqubuthelo umzimba. Kukho izidalwa ukuba abe lulwelo kunye nokutya okanye igcwala kwamafutha. Izityalo kunye nezilwanyana kufuneka ulungelelwaniso ezininzi eziya kubavumela ukuba ukuchitha amanzi ngokucotha ukusindisa kuye.

lobushushu

Yonke ephilayo sizalwa kuluhlu lobushushu. Ukuba uhamba ngaphaya, ndivuka okanye ukuwa, inokuba nje elahlekile. Isiphumo imiba yokusingqongileyo izityalo, izilwanyana kunye nabantu kunokuba kuzo ebezintle nezo zingentle. Phakathi uluhlu lobushushu kumzimba iphuhlisa ngokuqhelekileyo, kodwa kamsinya nje ubushushu osondela umda oluphezulu okanye olusezansti, iinkqubo ubomi kuhlile noko, uze emva koko uyeke ngokupheleleyo, ekhokelela ekufeni zezidalwa. Umntu ufuna ebandayo, umntu - ubushushu, yaye ezinye ukuphila phantsi kweemeko ezahlukileyo zokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, iintsholongwane, ulele ukumelana uluhlu olubanzi amaqondo obushushu, amahlosi va kakuhle ekweleenjiko kunye eSiberia. Kodwa ke uninzi eziphilayo ukuphila kuphela elimxinwa uluhlu lobushushu. Umzekelo, neekorale kukhula amanzi kwi-21 ° C. Ukunciphisa iqondo lobushushu okanye nobushushu kubo obulalayo.

Kwiindawo yimvula, ukuhla yezulu ifana ezingabonakaliyo, akunakutshiwo kommandla ziingcathu. Umzimba onyanzelwayo ukuba baziqhelanise ukutshintsha amaxesha onyaka, abaninzi ekuqaleni kobusika, wenze ukuba imfuduko elide, kwaye izityalo zife zizonke. Phantsi kweemeko ezinzima lobushushu, ezinye izidalwa ngokufukama ukuze ndikhwele ixesha okubi kunokwenzeka kubo. Ezi nje eyona miba ephambili yokusingqongileyo eziphilayo bayachatshazelwa womoya, umoya, ukuphakama.

Ifuthe imiba yokusingqongileyo eziphilayo

Kuphuhliso nokukotshwa eziphilileyo lichatshazelwe kakhulu ngenxa yokuhlala. Onke amaqela neemeko zokusingqongileyo ngokuqhelekileyo ezichaphazela ezintsonkothileyo, kunokuba enye kwenye. Amandla yempembelelo elinye lixhomekeke kwelinye. Umzekelo, zokukhanya awukwazi indawo carbon dioxide, kodwa ngokuguqula ubushushu, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuxhoma photosynthesis kwezityalo. Zonke ezi zinto zichaphazela umzimba ngendlela enye okanye omnye akufani. Indima ephambili ziya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka. Umzekelo, emthonjeni kubalulekile ukuba izityalo ezininzi lobushushu ngexesha lokudubula kweentyatyambo - ukufuma komhlaba, xa ivuthiwe - ukufuma kunye nezondlo. Kukho kwakhona zinto ngokunciphisa, kwakuwo okanye ukuswela leyo ikufuphi imida ngokunyamezela umzimba. Bona bakhuthele naxa izidalwa eziphilayo kwindawo efanekileyo ebanika inkuthazo.

Ifuthe ngeemeko zokusingqongileyo ngezityalo

Kuba kwizityalo yokuhlala ngamnye ummeli kuthathwa uhlobo ezingqongileyo. Yaba yena qamba zonke izinto eziyimfuneko ezinxulumene nokusingqongileyo. isityalo yokuhlala ubonelela ukufuma eziyimfuneko komhlaba kunye umoya, ukukhanya, ubushushu, umoya, isixa ngokupheleleyo izondlo emhlabeni. Inqanaba eqhelekileyo imiba yokusingqongileyo kuvumela izinto ngesiqhelo ukukhula, ukuphuhlisa kunye sizale. Ezinye iimeko kunokukuchaphazela kakubi izityalo. Umzekelo, ukuba ubeka inkcubeko kwi intsimi .Ngaphezu, apho emhlabeni akanawo izondlo ngokwaneleyo, iza kuya ikhula encinane kakhulu okanye akukho ukwanda kwaphela. Loo nto umda na ukubizwa. Kunjalo, inkoliso izityalo ukuqhelana iimeko zokusingqongileyo.

Abameli flora elinywa entlango, ukuba ziziqhelanise nemiqathango usebenzisa ifomu okhethekileyo. Zisoloko iingcambu elide kakhulu yaye olomeleleyo ungaya nzulu emhlabeni ukuya eemitha-30. Yindlela kunokwenzeka ezingekhoyo ingcambu, nto leyo evumela ukuqokelela ukufuma ngexesha imvula elifutshane. imithi Water kunye namatyholo zemithi ezigcinwe (ngokufuthi gqitha), amagqabi, amasebe. Abanye abemi entlango bayakwazi iinyanga ezimbalwa ukuba alinde amanzi anika ubomi, kodwa elikholekileyo ngakumbi iliso iintsuku ezimbalwa. Umzekelo, iimbewu ephemera Agcwayele ukuba kuntshula kuphela emva kwemvula, ngoko ke esezansi entlango kusasa, nasemini enkulu iintyatyambo kubuna.

Ifuthe iimeko zokusingqongileyo ngezityalo abachaphazelekayo kunye neemeko ezibandayo. Umbala sezulu ongqwabalala, ehlotyeni mfutshane, shushu akuyi gama, kodwa kubanda ithatha ukususela kwiinyanga ezisi-8 ukuya 10. Uqweqwe ikhephu mncinci, yaye umoya bares zonke izityalo. Abameli flora bazikhanda inkqubo iingcambu nzulu, amagqabi zamafu ngebala kunye yayisoma angwevu, anencindi. Unikezelo efunekayo izityalo izondlo bandisa ngexesha xa lokugqibela ngosuku polar. imithi kumathafa ukuvelisa imbewu, zokuntshulisa kanye kuphela qho emva kweminyaka 100 iimeko kuFeliks. Kodwa ulele kunye ubulembu bebeziqhelanisa nokuzala ngokukha.

izinto zokusingqongileyo kwezityalo ivumela ukuba zokuphuhlisa ezahlukeneyo izicwangciso. Abameli flora zixhomekeke ukufuma kunye amaqondo obushushu, kodwa inkoliso yabo bonke bafuna ilanga. Itshintsha isakhiwo zazo zangaphakathi, imbonakalo. Umzekelo, imali eyaneleyo ukukhanya ivumela imithi ikhula isithsaba emangalisayo, kodwa kwamatyholo, iintyatyambo, ukhule emthunzini, libonakale bacudise kunye lubuthathaka.

Ecology kunye nabantu baye iindlela zabo ezohlukeneyo. imisebenzi yabantu nempembelelo embi kokusingqongileyo. Umsebenzi kwamashishini mveliso, imililo ihlathi, izithuthi, izityalo amandla ungcoliseko lomoya ungcoliseko, amanzi umhlaba ngenxa iintsalela petroleum - konke oku kunefuthe elibi ekukhuleni, uphuhliso kunye ngokuzala kwezityalo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iintlobo ezininzi enezityalo bangena Book oluBomvu, abaninzi baye bafa ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo.

Isiphumo imiba yokusingqongileyo abantu

Nantoni na enye into kwiinkulungwane ezimbini ezidluleyo abantu baba bephilile ndinamandla ngaphezu namhlanje kakhulu. umsebenzi iLabour ulwalamano letiya phakathi komntu ngemvelo, kodwa wakwazi ukufumana kwi kwingongoma ethile. Lisuka endleleni yobomi abantu nongqamaniso kunye iindlela zendalo. lonyaka nganye sengqondo umsebenzi wayo. Umzekelo, entwasahlobo abalimi nokulima umhlaba, lwahlwayela okuziinkozo kunye nezinye izityalo. In enakekela ehlotyeni izityalo, ezitya iinkomo, ekwindla - zikhiwa ebusika - Sizibandakanye yasekhaya, ukuphumla. inkcubeko Health ibisoloko ebalulekileyo kwinkcubeko yoluntu lulonke, bengasenasazela yesazisi itshintshile phantsi kwempembelelo iimeko zendalo.

Zonke litshintshile kakhulu kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ngexesha ingxenye enkulu kuphuhliso yenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa. Kakade ke, ngaphambi kokuba lo msebenzi womntu yingozi kakhulu ukuba indalo, kodwa yena waphula zonke iirekhodi nefuthe elibi kokusingqongileyo. Ucalulo ngeemeko zokusingqongileyo ukufumanisa oko bachatshazelwa ukuya kakhulu ngabantu, yaye yintoni - ngaphantsi. Ubuntu uhlala ixesha kumjikelo wemveliso, yaye oku koko kuchaphazela impilo. Akukho periodicity, abantu abenza umsebenzi ofanayo kulo nyaka, luphumlo encinane, rhoqo kwindawo ethile ungxamile. Kakade ke, ukusebenza kunye abahlala iimeko zitshintshile ukuba ngcono, kodwa iziphumo intuthuzelo ezimbi kakhulu.

Namhlanje, amanzi angcolile, umhlaba, umoya, uwise imvula eneasidi, zitshabalalise izityalo kunye nezilwanyana esonzakalisa isakhiwo kunye namaziko. Olindelwe ye-ozone kwaye akakwazi lali- imiphumo. Konke oku kukhokelela kutshintsho yemfuza, izakhi, impilo yabantu iye isihla ngokomgangatho nyaka ngamnye, inani lezigulane nezifo ezinganyangekiyo ngokuthe ngcembe luyakhula. Umntu ngamnye ubukhulu becala iphenjelelwa yimiba yokusingqongileyo, ukufunda biology yale isiphumo. Ngaphambili, abantu ababulawa yingqele, ubushushu, indlala, unxano, kwixesha ukufaniselana kwethu "ngokwayo olitshivela ingcwaba layo." Iinyikima, iitsunami, izikhukula, imililo - zonke ezi ngezenzeko zendalo ibango ubomi babantu, kodwa kulimaza yena nangakumbi umntu. iplanethi yethu ifana inqanawa, leyo ngesantya esiphezulu phezu ematyeni. Ukuze kumiswe kuze kakhulu ixesha ukulungisa le meko, zama ukuba bayihlambele ngaphantsi, esondela nemvelo.

lifuthe labantu kokusingqongileyo

Abantu ezikhala utshintsho elibukhali kwimeko-bume, ziyonakala impilo jikelele kakuhle-ntle, kodwa uyazi akufane bona kweli kunye ityala. iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngeemeko zokusingqongileyo ziye zatshintsha ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, kubekho ixesha warming, ukupholisa, ndiyitshise ulwandle, isiqithi waya phantsi kwamanzi. Kakade ke, uhlobo Akaphume ukuba ziziqhelanise iimeko, kodwa oko akuthethi wabeka abantu sikhokelo engqongqo, akazange enze ngokuqhutywa ngumdla kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Ngophuhliso inzululwazi nobugcisa iye yatshintsha yonke into. Kuba eminyaka isintu umhlaba ukuze ongcolileyo ukuba izazinzulu qhiwu intloko yakhe, esazi ukuba ukutshintsha njani le meko.

Sisayikhumbula mammoths kunye Dinosaurs, extinct kwi-Ice Age ngenxa snap ebandayo, nokuba zingaphi iintlobo zezilwanyana nezityalo ziye zimke ebusweni bomhlaba kule minyaka ili-100 idluleyo, wobeka phi na yayisecicini yokutshabalala? imizi emikhulu ahlohla kunye iifektri, emizaneni zinambuzane ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi engcolisa umhlaba kunye namanzi, yonke kukho saturation kwezithuthi. On the planet phantse akukho iindawo ezinokuba ndoqhayisa umoya ococekileyo, umhlaba angcoliswe kunye namanzi. Kwamahlathi, umlilo engaphele ndawo, unobangela ongayi kuba nje kuphela ulophu, kodwa zizenzo zabantu, ungcoliseko lwamanzi kunye neemveliso ioli, ezikhutshwayo eziyingozi emoyeni - konke oku kunefuthe elibi kakhulu kuphuhliso nokukotshwa eziphilayo kwaye oko ukuphucula impilo yabantu.

"Okanye umntu kuya kunciphisa umyinge umsi emoyeni, okanye umsi uya ukunciphisa inani labantu ehlabathini", - amagama LA Baton. Eneneni, ikamva likhangeleka imbi. Iingqondo best uluntu lwa ukuba yokunciphisa izehlo ungcoliseko okudalwe inkqubo, ukuba zizakhele izihluzi ezahlukeneyo ukucoca, ufuna enye kwabo izinto ngoku ukungcolisa kakhulu.

Ngeendlela zokusombulula iingxaki zokusingqongileyo

Ecology kunye nabantu namhlanje akakwazi afikelele kwisivumelwano. Onke karhulumente kunye nemibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente ziye simanyene ukusebenza ukusombulula iingxaki ezikhoyo. Konke ekufuneka uyenze ukuze ukudlulisela nemveliso non inkunkuma-, ivaliwe imijikelo, sihamba ngendlela yokusetyenziswa umbane kunye eziphathekayo-technology kunokwenzeka. imithombo yendalo kufuneka ibe sengqiqweni aze alungelelaniselwe mmandla. Ukwandisa iintlobo izinto nganeno ngaseludinini wokutshabalala, ifuna ukwanda ngoko nangoko iindawo ezikhuselweyo. Kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kufuneka bafundise labemi, ukongeza ekunikeni imfundo jikelele ngokusingqongileyo.