Power uqweqwe lizwekazi le ... Ezona mpawu ziphambili lobume ezingu

Amazwekazi ababekhe kwasekwa amaqoqo kuqweqwe lomhlaba, nto leyo ngamaqondo ahlukahlukeneyo, Iiprojekthi ngaphezu amanzi ngohlobo sushi. Ezi izigaqa uqweqwe emhlabeni kwiminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi mnye ubudala oqhiphuke umbilini, yasiwa inxalenye Ndayishwabanisa zabo ukuvela kwi fomu, nto leyo eyaziwa kuthi ngoku.

Namhlanje sijonga Ebubanzini kwelikhulu zincinane Uqweqwe kunye awohluke lwesakhiwo yayo.

A kangako iplanethi yethu

Ekuqaleni akuseko iplanethi yethu esebenzayo mlilo ezininzi, kwakukho yangqubana rhoqo kunye nethala. Kuphela emva kokuba iziqhushumbisi wayeka, umphezulu amnandi umhlaba ebesoyika.
Oko kukuthi, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba iplanethi yethu ekuqaleni amelwe kwintlango ebharhileyo kungekho manzi kunye nohlaza. Apho wathabatha amanzi kakhulu - nangoku igcina ingaziwa. Kodwa hayi kudala enkulu a imithombo yamanzi aphantsi komhlaba ziye zaphawula, mhlawumbi, ukuba zibe sisiseko kwiilwandle zethu.

Yeha, zonke yeengcinga malunga ngemvelaphi planethi yethu nokubunjwa kwayo assumptions ngaphezu izibakala. Kusolwa Wegener ekuqaleni emhlabeni ligubungela umaleko obhityileyo zelitye lenyengane, nto leyo uguqulwe Paleozoic era pramaterik Pangea. Xa Mesozoic Era Pangea baqalisa ukwahlula uzibalulele amazwekazi wabumba ngokuthe ananduluka omnye komnye. Pacific Ocean, ngokutsho Wegener, - intsalela bolwandle zamabanga aphantsi kunye Atlantic kunye Indian kuthathwe ngokuthi zamabanga.

kuqweqwe

Ukubunjwa kuqweqwe lomhlaba phantse iyafana naleyo iiplanethi kwisixokelelwano sethu - Venus, Mars, njl Ngapha koko, isiseko zonke iiplanethi wezijikelezi zalo kwakukho into enye .. Yaye kutshanje, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba yokungqubana koMhlaba kunye kwenye iplanethi, ekuthiwa Thea, kwabangela ngokudibana imizimba ezimbini yasezulwini, kwaye isiqwenga vo wabumba iNyanga. Oku kucacisa into yokuba kwenyanga izimbiwa Ukwakhiwa efanayo nokwakheka iplanethi yethu. Ezantsi thina uchaze ubume kuqweqwe lomhlaba - imephu lamanqanaba zalo mhlaba olwandle.

Bark yi% 1 kuphela ubunzima zomhlaba. Advantageously, kuba iqulathe lesilicon, intsimbi, i-aluminiyamu, ioksijini, hydrogen, nemagnesium, calcium kunye sodium kunye nomnye zinto 78. Kuthathwa ukuba kuthelekiswa imentile kunye undoqo kuqweqwe lomhlaba - iqokobhe ibhityile, ethe, ngokukhethekayo yileyo isetyenziswa ukukhanya. into enzima efanayo, ngokutsho zokuma, phantsi kweli ziko le planethi, kwaye uninzi buzinze nucleus enzima.

Ubume kuqweqwe lomhlaba kwaye izaleko yayo imephu ziboniswa kulo mzobo ungezantsi.

nezwe kuqweqwe

kuqweqwe Umhlaba iye umaleko-3, ngalinye ligubungela maleko rough wangaphambili. Uninzi likumyinge - a kumathafa elizwekazi yolwandle. Amazwekazi kwakhona ezingqonge kwithala, emva uyigobayo obryvchatogo ingena kwithambeka lizwekazi (indawo eludinini lizwekazi).
uqweqwe lizwekazi Umhlaba kaThixo yahlulwe layers:

1. yodaka.
2. Granite.
3. abangelwe.

Le sedimentary Umaleko ngentlenga isale, zixelwe kunye igneous. Power kuqweqwe lizwekazi yipesenti iphantsi.

Types of uqweqwe lizwekazi

rocks ngentlenga izinto lokubolekwa, abaphakathi ngodongwe, carbonate, mlilo kunye nezinye eziqinileyo. Olu hlobo kwenze, leyo kwasekwa ngenxa yabo okanye ezinye iimeko zendalo ngaphambili khona Earth. Kuba kuvumela abaphandi ukuba bafikelele kwizigqibo malunga kwimbali iplanethi yethu.

maleko lenyengane ibandakanya igneous nemetamorphic, ezifana ngeempawu lenyengane. Yiloo nto kuphela ke lenyengane lo umaleko lesibini kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, kodwa ubuncwane ubume ifana kakhulu kuyo, yaye babe namandla kalukhuni efanayo. ekujikelezeni kwayo lwamaza longitudinal ifikelela 5.5-6.5 km / s. Le ibandakanya lenyengane, schist, gneiss kunye t. D.

Abangelwe umaleko ubunjwe izinto ezifanayo kumafa evela abangelwe. Kuyinto ashinyeneyo ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa kwebhedi lenyengane. Phantsi maleko abangelwe viscous yhuu isiphuku eziqinileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isiphuku ukusuka kuqweqwe eyohlula ekuthiwa-Moho, oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, umaleko ezahlukeneyo kwemichiza ezahlukeneyo kuqamba. Lubonakala ngokuba Ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza ngesantya kwamaza wenyikima.
Eso umaleko obhityileyo ngokwentelekiso qweqwe lomhlaba isithintelo ethe okuhlukana ingubo ebomvu-hot nathi. Ubukhulu wementile ngumlinganiselo 3000 km. Ukuhambisa kunye imentile kunye ziitectonic plates, ezo ziyinxalenye lithosfere zezi uqweqwe nesabelo.

Ezantsi siqwalasela amandla uqweqwe lizwekazi. Kuxhomekeke-35 km.

Power uqweqwe lizwekazi

Ububanzi kwesikhoko yahluka ukusuka km-30 ukuya kuma-70. Ukuba phantsi emazibukweni umaleko oko 30-40 kuphela km, ngoko ngaphantsi iinkqubo ntaba of km ukuya ku-70. Phantsi malayas Umaleko ubukhulu ifikelela 75 km.

Power uqweqwe lizwekazi uvela km-5 ukuya 80 kwaye ixhomekeke ngqo kwi ubudala yayo. Ngoko ke, lo kumaqonga abandayo yamandulo (eMpuma Yurophu, eSiberia, West Siberian) abe eliphezulu umthamo - 40-45 km.

Enigcoba umaleko ngalinye amandla ayo kwaye ubukhulu ukuba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo belizwekazi ungahluka.

Power uqweqwe lizwekazi ngu:

1. sedimentary layer - 10-15 km.

2. Granite layer - 5-15 km.

3. Le abangelwe layer - 10-35 km.

Iqondo lobushushu kuqweqwe lomhlaba

ukunyuka Ubushushu njengoko emathambekeni kulo. Kukholelwa ukuba iqondo lobushushu ezingundoqo ukuya ku 5000 C, kodwa la manani enemiqathango, ukusukela ifomu kunye nolwakhiwo yayo nangoku Akucaci ke ukuba izazinzulu. Ngenxa kukuqiniswa noqweqwe, ubushushu inyuswe zonke 100 m, kodwa manani yayo ifane kuye phezu ukwakhiwa lweziqalelo kunye nobunzulu. Eqweqweni lothuli unalo lobushushu eliphezulu.

eqweqweni lothuli Yomhlaba

Ekuqaleni, izazinzulu phezu kuqikelelo, umhlaba legqunyiwe ngomaleko of uqweqwe yolwandle, nto leyo yahluke kancinane ubukhulu kunye nokwakhiwa nwebu lizwekazi. Eqweqweni lothuli, mhlawumbi isuka phezulu umaleko ingubo ngokwahlukeneyo, oko kukuthi, ukwakhiwa lisondele kunene kuye. Power uqweqwe lothuli ngokuphindwe-5 ngaphantsi kwe amandla lohlobo lizwekazi. Ngelo xesha linye isakhiwo yalo kwiindawo ezinzulu nzulu kweelwandle neelwandlekazi omnye komnye iyahluka insignificantly.

Kunokudala uqweqwe lizwekazi

Power uqweqwe lothuli zezi:

1. A umaleko kwamanzi olwandle, Ebubanzini leyo km-4.

2. A umaleko neetyuwa evakalala. Power yi km 0.7.

3. A inwebu abangelwe esongiweyo kunye kremenistymi zamatye carbonate. amandla Umyinge - 1.7 km. Yena akemi ngaphandle kakhulu kwaye luphawulwa litywina lokuqinisa umaleko ludaka. Olu uhlobo kuthiwa sub-yolwandle isakhiwo sayo.

4. abangelwe umaleko alupheleli uqweqwe lizwekazi. Power uqweqwe lothuli ukho lo maleko ka-4.2 km.

Abangelwe Umaleko uqweqwe yolwandle kwimimandla subduction (zone apho enye inwebu le uthinte ulifunxa enye) iba eclogites. konga wabo phezulu ukuze izike nzulu isenze ukuba kubunzulu-600 km, yaye emva koko wehla waya ingubo asezantsi.

Njengoko Ebubanzini zincinane kuqweqwe ngaphantsi elwandle kwaye kukho 5-10 kuphela km kude, izazinzulu ziye lazise elide ingcamango ukuqalisa kugrunjwa kwi ubunzulu kwesikhoko olwandle, nto leyo eyayiza ukuhlola isakhiwo lwangaphakathi Umhlaba zolwimi ngokunzulu. Noko ke, kukho umaleko uqweqwe yolwandle ixesha elide kakhulu, kwaye ukufunda enzulwini yolwandle kwenza lo msebenzi ngakumbi mngeni.

isiphelo

Eqweqweni mhlawumbi kuphela umaleko safunda iinkcukacha uluntu. Kodwa yintoni ilale phantsi kwakhe, kodwa ndinexhala zokuma. Thina kuphela nethemba lokuba ngenye imini ezinzulwini olungaziwayo lwe Umhlaba wethu iya ekhangelwe nkalwana zonke.