Prince Mal Drevlyansky. Prince Igor Prince uMalaki

Imbali yelizwe lethu igcwele iimfihlakalo kunye nemigqa, kwiminyaka yamuva nje izazinzulu ziye zaphakamisa imibuzo ebhaliweyo ebhalwe yiNestor "ITheth of Age Bygone." Kwakusoloko kufumanisa ukungahambelani kunye namabala amhlophe, kodwa kwiminyaka emininzi imbali-mlando kunye nabadala bezinto zakudala baye bafunda kakhulu. Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukufumana kwabo kuphikisana nayo yonke into esazi ngaphambili.

Kungekudala inguqulelo entsha yeembonakalo zeSlav kunye nendima yezizwe zeDrevlyan ekwakheni urhulumente kubonakala kwintlalo yesayensi. Ewe, ewe, awuzange usichaze ngokuthe ngqo - kwakuyizizwe zaseDrevlyane. Abo babenikela intela ku-Prince Igor baze bambulala ngokukhohlisa. Kodwa ngaba ukhohlisayo? Makhe sijonge ibali ngenye indlela.

"ITale of Age of Age": Imbali esemthethweni

Abantu baseRussia banamhlanje bayazi malunga nokuba ngubani uNkosana Mal. Nangona kunjalo ukuba yayingumntu owaziwayo kwaye ochaphazelekayo, kwimbali yamandulo kunzima ukufumana ukukhankanywa kwayo. Ukuphela kwento eyaziwayo yalomntu ngu "iTale of Age Bygone", apho ingxoxo phakathi kweNkosana Igor noPrince Mal ichazwa. Ngenxa yoko, umbusi waseDrevlyan wabangela ukuvukela waza wabulala inkosana engaphelelanga yaseRashiya. Kwaye ke wancenga umkakhe u-Olga, apho wahlawula nabantu bakhe nobomi bakhe.

Ibali elibuhlungu, akunjalo? Ngokukodwa ukususela kwimibandela yaseRashiya nangaphambi kwalo xesha okanye emva kweNkosana Mal Drevlyansky kuthethwa ngaye. Yena, kunye nesimo sakhe, ngokwembono yabalobi, babonakala bephela. Kodwa ngokwenene, oku akunakwenzeka, kwaye nawuphi na umntu ofundayo uza kubona kule nkcazo yeengxelo zembali ezithile.

Ewe, ukuqonda oku kwaye uyifumane inyaniso inzima. Ngaphezu koko, kunzima ukuqonda iziganeko zangempela emva koothuli lweeminyaka, kwaye omnye unokukwazi ukubeka ingcamango. Nangona kunjalo, siya kuzama ukuqokelela ulwazi oluvela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo kwiingcezu ezincinci ukukuxelela ukuba ngubani uNkosana Mal kunye nabantu bakhe, abaqanjwe ngegama kwiTale ye-Bygone Years, basendle kwaye banzi.

Drevlyane: imbali yabantu kunye nendawo

Ukuba sithatha imephu yanamhlanje, indawo yangaphambili yamaDrevlyans iya kuwela kwilizwe laseZhytomyr. Kwaye inkulu yombuso wasendulo yayisisixeko saseIskorosten, esaziwa ngokuba yi-Korosten. Khumbula ukuba esi sixeko asikude kakhulu neKiev. Le nyaniso iya kuba luncedo kamva.

Imvelaphi yeDrevlyans ayiyazi kakhulu. Ngokomnye umgaqo, iNkosana Mal iyinzala yabantu baseDuleb, kwaye enye i-Drevlyane yayiyiqhekeza yesizwe esilungeleyo esazihlalisa kula mahlathi kwaye sazama ukugcina ubungqina bayo ngamandla onke. Ngenxa yenguqu yakutsha, izazinzulu ezininzi zithi, ngenxa yokuba izizwe zilungele ukudlula kulo mhlaba ziye zaziwa ixesha elide.

Ukongezelela, amaGoth azingabonwa njengenzala ka-Amal okhokho kunye nobunamandla base-Amal, ngoko akumangalisi ukuba induna kaDrevlyan Mal, eyayimelwe kwimibandela yaseRussia njengobunqabileyo, yayicinga ukuba ilingana noMninindlu u-Olga kwaye yabuza ngokuqinisekileyo isandla sayo. Eli qiniso lisoloko lihlazola izazinzulu, kuba ungathathi umlawuli we-Drevlyan umbusi njengalinganayo, akayi kuthetha no-ambassy kuye kwaye enze nayiphi na ingxoxo. Oku bekuhlala kukhokelela oomlando-mlando ukuba bacinge ngokufihla imvelaphi ehloniphekileyo yenkosana kwimithombo yamandulo.

Iimbali-mlando ezininzi ezazifundela imbali yamandulo zafika kwisigqibo esichukumisayo - i-princessom yaseDrevlyan kunye ne-Iskorosten yaqalwa ngaphaya kweKiev, umsekeli owaziwayo waseRashiya. Ukuba ukholwa le nguqulo, iKieb yakhiwa njengedolophu yokurhweba, kwaye emva kweminyaka emininzi i-capital capital of the headquarters yafuduswa apha. Kodwa umbusi wayeyinkosana yaseDrevlyavsk, u-Askold, owayekhokelela ngokurhweba kunye nokugxotha abantu bakhe ebuKristwini.

Kufuneka ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-Drevlyane yayingamahedeni, kwaye ayithandi izinto ezinjalo zesikhulu. Ngenxa yesalathiso, u-Askold wabulawa yiNkosana uOleg, uyise wengane encinane Igor, kunye namaDrevlyans abhalelwa irhafu kwaye bajika baba yi-Kiev. Ukubukeka okungavamile kwimbali, akunjalo? Kule nto, zonke iziganeko ezilandelayo zibonakala zihluke kakhulu kunokuba uNestor wabatshele.

I-Pedigree yePrince Mala

INkossa Mal Drevlyansky yayivela kwintsapho ehloniphekileyo. Oku kuthethwa malunga neengxelo ezigcinwe ngokukodwa kwi-Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Ngelishwa, iDrevlyane ngokwawo ayigcinanga le mibhalo. Oku kuye kwavumela uNestor ukuba abone njengabantu abanobuqili, kodwa izazi-mlando zanamhlanje ziyamangaliswa yile nyaniso kwaye zinyanzeliswa ukuba zifune izizathu zokungakhathaleli kwimbali yazo. Kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba akukho mthombo obhaliweyo kulwimi lwaseDrevlyansky, nangona iintlanga ngokwazo zathengisa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye neendwendwe, iiggies kunye nabanye abamelwane abanomxholo obhaliweyo kwaye baxelele ngolwazi malunga namaDrevlyans nanamhlanje.

Ngokutsho kwezi ngqino, uNkosana Mal uyinzala ngqo ye-Kiy, okhethwe ukulawula kwabadala eKiev. Bonke abantu baseDrevlyane bavela kuBeloyar Krivorg omkhulu, owakwazi ukubeka iinqaba ezininzi ezikhusela amazwe amakhulu. Igama elithi "Drevlyane" alilona igama elingabonakaliyo, abaninzi abapheli-mlando bakholelwa ukuba kwavela kwizizwe ezimelene. Bayibukele ngokukhawuleza abamelwane babo ababi kakhulu kwaye bamangaliswa ngokunqwenela kwabo ukuhlala kwiindawo ezinamahlathi amaninzi. Yile ndlela igama lohlanga lonke luvele ngayo, oluye lwasinda nanamhla.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba, ngokugweba ngeenkcazo, uDrevlyane wahlula amandla amakhulu kunye nempilo. Kwaye abathetheli babo babemide kwaye banamandla, bahamba bodwa kwibhere baze bamnqobe ngezandla zabo. Omkhulu wePatriliar Mala Mala Prince Warrior wamisela ngokuqinileyo iinqaba kwaye wakhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwabantu bakhe. Umkhulukazi ogama linguYartur waba ngumqeqeshi womzukulwana wakhe, kuba uyise kaMal wafa ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe ekuzingeleni. Ngokuphathelele umama noyise wesikhulu saseDrevlya akukho nto iyaziwa, ukucaciswa okuphela kwabagcini bembali abachaphazela imvelaphi yomama wePrince Mal. Wayeyintombi kaYartur, ngoko induna encinci yayifundiswa nguyise wakhe kwizithethe zabantu bakhe ukususela kwiintambo zakhe ezincinci.

Ubomi kunye namasiko aseDrevlyans

Iimveli kunye nezithethe zamaDrevlyans ziye zasinda nanamhla ngohlobo lwengxube kunye nolwazi oluphikisanayo. Kuyaziwa ukuba uDrevlyane wamkela isithembu kwaye wayedla ngokutshata abafazi kwiintlanga ezingummelwane. Babehlala kwimigodi eyimigangatho, eyayixhaswa kunye nezakhiwo zelog log of logs. Kwindlu enye yayihlala abantu malunga namashumi amahlanu, kwagcinwa konke ukutya nokuhlala kwimfuyo. Ubukhoboka bwamkelwa kwizizwe, abathunjiweyo nabanempilo bathunyelwa ekunqumeni ihlathi kunye nokwakha iinqaba.

Umfanekiso omnyama utyunjwe, kuba unokuthi ukuba amasiko achazwe ngumpawu kuphela kwizizwe ezininzi ezibuyela emva nezobukhosi. Nangona kunjalo, musa ukwenza izigqibo ngokukhawuleza, ulwazi lwethu lunokutshintsha uluvo lwakho malunga namaDrevlyans. Ngokomzekelo, nayiphi na ikhoboka kwiminyaka emihlanu yaba ngumntu okhululekileyo kwaye unokukhetha apho ahlala khona. Abanye babuyela ezweni labo, ngoxa abanye bakhetha abafazi babo baba ngamalungu esizwe. Kodwa abazange babe nabafazi abaningana, aba Drevlyane banciphisa ubuhlanga. Inzala evela kumfokazi ayikwazanga ibe ngaphezu kwama-Drevlyans aphelileyo.

Umlando wokuba utywala wamantombazana, naye, awubonakali kakhulu. U-Drevlyane wayenomtshakazi kuphela ngomtshato wakhe. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngoMeyi, kwakukho ukubonisa-offs xa amadoda amancinci, abadala kunye nobuhle bexesha elifanelekileyo lihlanganiswa ngokucoca okukhulu. Xa kukhethwa umhlobo wobomi, wafika kwindoda yendoda yakhe, ayenayo abadala. Ukususela kule mzuzu umtshato uthathwa njengentolongo.

Mhlawumbi oku kuyamangalisa abantu banamhlanje, kodwa uDrevlyane akakwazanga ukuqhawula umtshato. Ukususela ngexesha lomtshato, le ndoda ibonwa njengomntu omdala kwaye inokukhonza kwisizwe. Abadala ngexesha lomtshato bavunyelwene ngomxholo womfazi kunye nabantwana bokamva. Ukuba umntu uphulaphula le mithetho, unokufakwa enkonzweni yakhe kwintsapho yakhe yonke imihla. Kwezinye iimeko, waxoshwa kwisizwe, kwaye umyeni omtsha wakhethwa kulo mfazi. Indoda inokuba nabafazi abaninzi njengengeniso yakhe evuliwe. Xa kwenzeka ukufa kwesondlo, bonke abafazi basasazwa phakathi kwezihlobo zendoda ngokuvumelana.

Ukubulala, ubusela, ukukrexeza nezinye izono zahlwaywa kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukubulawa komntu onetyala unxibelelwano ubuso nobuso kunye nexhoba lakhe kwaye wangcwatywa kwindawo yokuphila. Kanye njengobunzima, ezinye izono zahlawuliswa.

Inkolo kunye nolwazi lwe-SACR ye-Drevlyans

UDrevlyane babengamahedeni, babekholelwa kwimimoya yendalo kunye nezityalo. Ngentlonelo ekhethekileyo yayingama-oki yamandulo. Abanye ababhali beembali-mlando basebenza ngokugqithiseleyo kwiinguqu ngokubhekiselele kuyo i-druids kunye ne-drevlyane. Unxulumano oluninzi luza kungena engqondweni kwinzululwazi. Le nkolelo engaqhelekanga kwimimoya yehlathi, ukungabikho kolwimi olubhaliweyo, amasiko anenkohlakalo kunye nolwazi olungakaze lube nolwazi lokuphulukisa, olulinganayo nolungazange lusekho kuzo zonke izizwe zaseSlavic.

Phantse zonke izifo zanyangwa nge-infusion, i-ointments kunye ne-decoctions. Ezinye zokupheka, ezibhalwa kumazwi aseDrevlyans, ziye zasinda nanamhla. Kuzo kunokwenzeka ukugweba, ukuba luninzi ulwazi olunjani ngohlobo lwaluseDrevlyane.

INkos Mal Mal: Iminyaka Yobomi

Ukufumana umhla wokuzalwa kweNkosana yaseDrevlyan, iimbali-mlando zafuneka zisebenze nzima. Kukholelwa ukuba uMal wazalwa ngo-890. U-Yartur wanika igama lakhe umzukulu wakhe, kwaye, ngokwemiqathango enye, wayebizwa ngokuba ngumntu omncinci, kodwa unamandla kakhulu. Ukongeza, abagcini bemihla ngemihla bathi ukuba ukuzalwa kwenkwenkwe kwakunomthi. Le meko ibhekiswe ekubeni umama kaMar wawa ehashe lakhe ngexesha lokukhulelwa waza wonakalisa umntwana ozayo.

Eminye imithombo ithi le nkwenkwe yazalwa encinci, kodwa iphilile kwaye yodwa kwiminyaka emithathu yawa ehashe. Emva koko waqala ukukhula. Nangona kunjalo, isikhulu sinezinto ezintle kunye namandla amakhulu. Njengabo okhokho, wayemelana lula nebheyibhile kwaye wayengumlawuli onobulungisa kakhulu.

Okungaziwa kakhulu ngokulawulwa kwePrince Mal. "ITheth of Age Bygone" imele njengendoda eyalumkisa iNkosana Igor kwaye yayiphatha kakubi nayo, iphakamisa uvuko ngonyaka onamakhulu asithoba anamanci mane anesihlanu. Emva konyaka wabulawa ngumhlolokazi ka-Igor Olga, owathi waphindisela kane ukufa komyeni wakhe. Kwaye xa sithe gqolo kwiimbali zembali, siya kubona ntoni?

INkossa Mal: ukuvuswa kuka-945

Kwiincwadi zezifundo zembali, izenzo zesikhulu zibonwa njengokuvukela igunya elifanelekileyo lomlawuli waseKiev. Kodwa ngaba kunjalo ngokwenene? Siyazi ukuba iNkosana Igor yahamba kwiphankaso yokuhlawula, ezo zizwe zihlala zihlawula rhoqo. UDrevlyane wanikela inkosana eya kufika neDrazhina yonke into ebekwe phantsi kwaye umphefumlo ozolile wamyeka. Kodwa u-Igor wayenobuncwane obuncwane, wahlahliswa ngobutyebi be-Drevlyans waza waphulaphula igosa lakhe uSveneld owamkholisa isikhulu ukuba abuyele eDrevlyanska umhlaba kwakhona.

Njani oku kunyangwa? Ubuncinane njengokuphula umthetho umnqophiso, owamlandelayo. Ngaphandle koko, uNestor akayi kumisa ubuntu bukaSveneld, kodwa kuya kufuneka ukuba uthethe ngaye ngokubanzi. Inyaniso kukuba i-voevoda yayithathwa njengomlandeli weNkosana u-Oleg, owakhe wawunqoba i-Drevlyans. Wayenomdla, unenkohlakalo kwaye unenkohliso. Kodwa wakwazi ukungena ku-Igor kwaye wayenelungelo lokuqokelela umvuzo kwi-Drevlyans. Nanku kukho konke okukhoyo kwentlekele: emva kokufumana eyakhe, irhuluneli yindoda yagqiba ukufumana into enhle ngomnye umntu kwaye yatshitshisa isikhulu kumkhankaso ophindaphindiweyo. Ukongezelela, wancenga u-Igor ukuba athumele i-squad yakhe ekhaya, ukuze kungabikho ukwahlula amaqhawe. Yiyintoni le, ukuba kungenjalo ukuhaha okunzulu?

Akumangalisi ukuba uPrince Mal akazange alingise inkosana yaseRussia ngokulungileyo, kodwa wazama ukumhlakulela. Emva kokuzama ukuyeka ukuphanga kwe-Drevlyans (kwaye oku kubonakala ngathi), u-Igor wabanjwa waza wabulawa njengesigebengu. Ngokweziko zexesha, iDrevlyane wayenelungelo lokugweba umphulaphuli womnqophiso kunye nesela elafika kumhlaba wabo ukuthatha omnye umntu. Ngokwemigaqo yeSlavs, ezi zenzo zasemthethweni. Ngalolu hlobo, uNkosana Igor noPrince Mal babheka amanani eembali ezahlukeneyo kunokuba uNestor wazicingela.

I-Massacre yaseDrevlyane: inyaniso okanye inyaniso?

Ngokutsho kweThe Age of Bygone, uNkosana Mal, ukuba ulahlekile u-Igor, wabuya umhlolokazi wakhe. Oku, xa kwenzeka impumelelo, kunokubuyisela kuye itrone yeKiev kwaye kugqibe ukuthula ngonaphakade phakathi kwezizwe. Ngempendulo, u-Olga wabulala kabili abameli bakaDrevlyanskih, kwaba yicala lokubulala abantu apho abantu abangaba ngamawaka amahlanu bafa. Emva koko umthetheli wabonakalisa indlela yokuhlawula i-Drevlyanite isikhulu uMal. UVevevoda Pretić kunye neqela lakhe bamema u-Olga ukuba aqoke umkhosi aze abhubhise u-Iskorosten kunye nomvukeli. Njengoko umhlolokazi owayenesiliva esenzayo, isixeko satshiswa, i-drevlyane yayingqonge umrhumo omtsha, kwaye intloko kaPrince Mal yaqhutyelwa phezulu. Umdlalo omhle. Kodwa ngaba kunjalo?

Enyanisweni, iimbali-mlando zibuhlungu kakhulu ukuba yonke into echazwe nguNestor yayinyani. Kwaye kukho izizathu ezininzi:

• Istorosteni yayingekho kude neKiev (sathetha ngale nto ekuqaleni kwe nqaku) kwaye malunga nokubulawa kwe-embassy yokuqala, uNksz Mal wayengenakungazi;
• Abaphengululi be-Archaeologist babengafumananga ubungqina obuthembekileyo bokuxhelwa kwinqanaba eKiev kwaye abazange bafumane ingcwaba labantu abaninzi;
• Ngokomthetho welo xesha, "i-blood feud" ayikwazanga ukugweba ukubulawa kwabantu abayizinkulungwane ezihlanu;
• Izazi-mlando zifumene inkcazo kwinto yokuba uMninimzi u-Olga waphila iminyaka eyisixhenxe e-Iskorosten kunye nendodana yakhe (yaye isixeko sityholwa sitshabalaliswa).

Yonke le nkcazelo isishukumisela ukuba sifune iinkcukacha ezintsha malunga nesiphatho se-Drevlya.

Ngoko ngokwenene kwenzeka ntoni kwiPrince Mal emva kwe-945?

Kodwa le nto imfihlelo enkulu kweli bali. Iingcali zenzululwazi zibeke phambili ingcamango efana neziganeko zangempela. Ngokutsho komthetho we "blood feud", uMninindlu u-Olga wayefanele aphinde aphinde aphinde aphinde aphinde abulawe ngumyeni wakhe, kodwa akazange afune ukwenza oko. Ngoko ke, kwintlanganiso kunye ne-ambassy yaseDrevlyansky, isivumelwano sagqitywa, ngokutsho kwayo inkosikazi eyakha iRrevlyans irhafu echanekileyo kwaye "inkohliso" yabhubhisa i-Istoreni ngenxa yokuziphindisela. Ngenxa yoko, u-Olga waya kwiindonga zeso sixeko, apho kwakungekho namnye owaziwayo, kwaye watshisa ingxenye encinane nje, ngaphandle kokulimaza i-Drevlyans.

Ngokwezinye iingxelo, ukususela ngo-947, u-Olga wayehlala kwisixeko esitsho satshiswa nguye. Abemi beendawo bahlala bebonisa iindwendwe kwiindawo zokuhlamba kunye nezinye iindawo apho, ngokwemfihlakalo, inkosikazi yayithanda ukuhamba.

Kuthiwani ngoPrince Mal? Ngokumalunga nexesha lakhe akukho nto iyaziwa, izazi-mlando ziyakwazi ukwakha iinguqulelo kunye nokuqikelela kwento eyenzeka kuye. Kodwa kude kube namhlanje namhlanje kwi Korosten abantu baphile abantu abanesiteniso esivela kwigama lesibini le-prince-Niskinich. Bazibona beyinzala yentsapho enkulu yeentloko.

Uphi na i-Drevlyan inkosana engapheliyo?

Isikhumbuzo sePrince Malu sisekwa kwisixeko sase Korosten. Lo mfanekiso onobunzima obunamitha elishumi-mitha ujikeleza phezu komlambo u-Uz, apho, ngokwembali, uNkosana Igor wabulawa, waseDerevyan, owayenyanisekile enkundleni. INtsal Mal iboniswe ingubo yaseRashiya yasendulo enekrele elinzima, amehlo akhe aqondiswa kude kwaye igcwele iingcamango zabantu bakhe.

Isiphelo

Ayaziwa ukuba ngaba i-Drevlyan inkosana yayibonakala ngathi, njengoko umdwebi wakhe abonakalisiweyo. Kodwa isithuba sakhe kunye nezenzo zithandeka kakhulu kwizenzululwazi. Banikezela ukujonga kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zembali ezivela kwindawo eyahlukileyo. Ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbi yinto yonke into ekude kwimizuzu engamakhulu asibhozo anamanci mane anesihlanu.