Library Ivana Groznogo kunye nebhodi

Mhlawumbi eyona nto ingumnqa kakhulu umdla kwinkulungwane XVI (kwaye imbali ngokubanzi) linokubizwa ngokuba Liberia - leencwadi Ivana Groznogo. Gcwalisa umxholo wayo, kwakunye indawo ayaziwa. Kodwa imbali isixelela kweerekhodi yayingubhazabhaza iincwadi yamandulo imisongo yeengcongolo, leyo umxhelo iinkcukacha eziqulathwe kuyo. Ukongeza uncwadi ababhali kunye zobulumko yexesha, ithala Ivana Groznogo, ngokutsho kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, iqulethe neencwadi Kazan Khan, ngqangi yamaSilamsi, tomes nanto asixelela malunga ngemvelaphi yobomi on Earth and senkcubeko yoluntu. Kwakhona ingqalelo imisebenzi elahlekileyo zembali Yuliya Tsezarya, heliotrope, Aristophanes, uCicero, Virgil, kunye nabanye. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ithala leencwadi waya Ivan IV kayisemkhulu, iNkosana eMoscow Ivan III, aze ukumkani iyahlaziywa rhoqo nayo. Ukusuka kwimbali siyazi of Ivan abangcangcazelisi njengomntu okhohlakeleyo kunye okhohlakeleyo, kodwa bambalwa okhankanywe ukuba nangoku Wabufunda kwaye sisilumko. Mhlawumbi kunjalo ilayibrari bakhe inzuzo enjalo.

History of Liberia

Ngowe-1464 ufa umfazi Grand iNkosana Moscow Ivan III, ngowe-1472, yena otshate kumnombo ngqo abalawuli yaseByzantium, Sofey Paleolog. Ukuba kuye kwaziswa eMoscow njengoko ikhazi edume Liberia wakhe wangena imbali njengoko ithala leencwadi Ivana Groznogo. Ekuqaleni ngeyabo labalawuli yaseByzantium, owokugqibela kubani Constantine XI. Emva kokuwa yoBukhosi baseByzantium, ingqokelela yeencwadi abantu abangeniswe Italy umzalwana uConstantine uyise Nozipho Fomoy Paleologom.

Uphi na ingaba ithala leencwadi Ivana Groznogo, akukho bani owaziyo. Kukho nokucingela kuphela apho oosonzululwazi, abembi kunye nje abafuna kuqhubeka ukukhangela. Ngokutsho kwezinye iinguqulelo imiqulu yeencwadi ngqangi inokuba e Aleksandrov, Vologda, kunye eMoscow yesicelo. Mhlawumbi uya kudlula iminyaka emininzi phambi kokuba siya kufumaneka kwi iimfihlelo yamandulo, iqokelelwe kwithala leencwadi. Ke ukuba niphikele ukufumana eLiberia, kuya kuba isipho esixabiseke ngokwenene kuthi nakwizizukulwana ezizayo.

Ubuntu Ivana Groznogo

Ukuthetha yokuqokelela odumileyo yasebukhosini iincwadi, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuthetha kanye buso Grand iNkosana eMoscow All Russia.

Ivan abangcangcazelisi (1530-1584) wehla wangena kwimbali njengoko inkosi omncinane. Ekufeni kwakhe, Vasily III, uyise elizayo Grand Duke Ivan IV wayeneminyaka eli-3 kuphela ubudala. Kodwa usizi elehla phezu isabelo yokumkani umntwana, oku ukuqala kuphela. emva kokuba uyise wakhe ufa unina Ivan kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, yaye ubukumkani amandla, kwakunye lokugcina ukumkani Minor, waya ezandleni izinduna. Ngoko ke ngelo xesha ndiya wayalela Vasily III, engazi apho iya kukhokelela. Kanye ngamandla, lo izinduna baba Musa ukungxama ukuzibandakanya kwimfundo lo kumkani uselula. Ivan ros njengento kid street, ukubukela uburheletyo nokuchas ukudala izidwangube, ekuqaleni kakhulu waba omdala yaye baqalisa ukuqonda kakhulu eneminyaka a ntsha. Mhlawumbi ezinye Nantsi ke imbangi yokuba nembeko kukumkani ukhohlakele.

Ixesha Ivana Groznogo - enye kunazo zonke, umdla kunye lisibekele kwimbali weRashiya. Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe, ukuba iinguqulelo ezininzi apho. Ngowe-1549 ukudaleka yolawulo karhulumente single - umyalelo, leyo likhokelwa ijaji mandative; 1556 zaye irhoxisiwe 'besondla "; kwi 1550-1556 biennium. wadala strelets omkhosi kunye nemithetho eyamkelekileyo elawula ukuyilwa umkhosi; 1566 lamkela "I-Code of Service" apho Kwathi kukhonza emkhosini kufuneka ube neminyaka eli-15 ubudala. Le yokugqibela kwakhona kumiselwa ubungakanani kunye inani ngamafa Warriors njengoko kukho intlawulo yenkonzo.

Ngelithini kube nzima ukwenza izigqibo esichazayo. Nditsho ibali kwiinkcazo yabo elo xesha elwayo. Ngaba umlawuli uzwilakhe ngenkohlakalo okanye Karamzin wathi, "... inkedama nguRhulumente Russian ..." wonke isigqibo ngokwakhe.