Revolution Cuba Raul Castro: biography, iifoto

Raul Castro, mmeli usapho edume Cuba, umntu qamba ibali ngomdla omkhulu kuluntu. ubomi Cuba atshintsha ngenxa yayo kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 yomsebenzi. biography Raul Castro ngayo ubomi bakhe kuhlangene ne kwimbali yeli lizwe sunny, - umzekelo ocacileyo we ngumpolitiki ophila izilangazelelo karhulumente.

Childhood noSapho

NgoJuni 3, 1931 kwintsapho mhlaba Cuba waba umntwana - Raul Castro. UYise - Angel Castro Argis aphantsi ezinkulu zomhlaba apho zikhula ummoba, nto leyo bazisa kuye ingeniso endilisekileyo. Umama, uLina Ruz Gonzalez, - umpheki elula. Bobabini babo ukufunda nokubhala, watshata kanye kuphela avele kusapho kubantwana abahlanu. Kodwa bonke abantwana banikwa imfundo uze ufunde ukuthanda kwilizwe labo. Bonke entsatsheni wayenabantwana ezisixhenxe, Raul waba yesine, yena omnye abazalwana 2 noodade-4. Umfazi wokuqala kayise waba nabantwana abahlanu, ngoko lo mfana izalamane ezininzi. Junior Castro wafunda kwisikolo wamaJesuit, kuqala e Santiago de Cuba, apho wagxothwa kunye nabazalwana bakhe, yaye kamva e Havana, waphumelela ikholeji wamaJesuit.

ngeminyaka

Ngowe-1948, kwiYunivesithi Havana kukho umfundi entsha - Raul Castro. Amafoto ebutsheni lulutsha ngamehlo avuthayo, yena yayidume impulsivity kunye radicalism. I-University Raul wafunda ezentlalo kunye nolawulo loluntu, olu lwazi luluncedo kuye kamva. Nangona afunda laliphakathi nje. Njengomfundi, Raul waba lilungu intshukumo yomfundi, waba ingcamango yali, wada wangena Socialist Party. Ekunye nomzalwana wakhe Fidel, yena inxaxheba kwimiboniso umfundi nxamnye umbuso Batista. Yena ngenkuthalo wasivuna iimbono zakhe leftist, imibono ubuzwe.

Ngowe-1952, wangumlawuli Cuba waphinda weza uzwilakhe Batista, owathi kuye kwaxhaswa eyinkunzi yaseMelika nangokubandezela nomdla yesizwe lizwe, iyenza Protectorate yaseUnited States. Waziqhekeza off unxulumano lobuchule kunye eSoviet Union, leyo ebudeni Second World War, ubuhlakani lusekiwe, waqalisa ukufundela i nkqubo ezinzima pro-American, ukusuka eCuba ukuya US ubunzima kumazwe yemveliso okulandelayo kokungenanto, abemi baphela. Wabangela ukunganeliseki abaninzi, ingakumbi phakathi kwabantu abatsha, apho bobabini yeharim Raul Castro. Abazalwana Castro adumileyo kwi intshukumo wenkululeko elithile. Ngowe-1953, iqela labafundi eyayikhokelwa Fidel nomntakwabo Raul ezibandakanya iinzame ukufaka enqabeni yomkhosi Moncada e Santiago, kodwa lwaphela. Inxalenye abo bavukeli kwikhompyutha, kuquka Raul, ngubani wagwetywa ngenxa ukuya kwiminyaka eli-15 entolongweni. Kodwa ngo-1955 phantsi benikwa, sibanjwe phantsi koxinzelelo uluntu, bobabini Castro abakhululwa.

revolution

Raul Castro, ogama engobomi eqonda izimvo revolution kunye neziganeko ukususela kwiminyaka yokuqala beengcinga bayahlelwa belizwe lakhe, akazange anikezele ithemba ukubona eCuba simahla nohlumayo. Emva kokuphuma ejele, Fidel kunye Raul Ndishiya eMexico nokoyika impindezelo. Kukho omdala Castro waya intshukumo "Julayi 26" emva iziganeko ka 1953. Kwaye Raul ngenkuthalo kumsebenzi buvuvu, unamathele iimbono iqapheleka pro-yobukomanisi, ngoxa Fidel wayengumxhasi ngokulinganisela nkqubo wesizwe.

Ngeli xesha, Raul wadibana Ernesto Che Guevara ekhokelela umzalwana wakhe kwiqela kunye, baya kuba ngundoqo umkhosi omtsha yezopolitiko inkululeko Cuba. abaxhasi abaninzi Castro babulawa ngexesha zocindezelo. Ngeli xesha eCuba ukubulala ezopolitiko kunye sentuthumbo, athi eqhelekileyo. Kodwa iqela eliseleyo labantu-12 Disemba 1956 kwi kwezikhephe Maputo ngokufihlakeleyo kwi Cuba, esophula inkampu ezintabeni Sierra Maestra ukusuka apho aqale ukuqhuba esebenzayo impi yokulwela.

Lahlela uthotho elibethayo kweli lizwe, entwasahlobo ka-1957 e Castro umkhosi - eziliqela abantu amawaka, yena wenza imfazwe rhoqo kunye namajoni karhulumente. Ukuxhathisa kweli lizwe, enkosi kwimisebenzi inkxaso, kuquka Raul Castro, yaya ikhula ngokukhula. Ngowe-1957 iqela ngokunomkhethe wahlasela yokuhlala omongameli, e Havana, baba rally loomama kufuneka uyeke ukubulawa. Scared Batista ngokukhawuleza yazisa "lwentando yesininzi 'unyulo apho umviwa okhokelayo wakhetha uTimoti. Kodwa abantu baqonde amaqhinga bayo, nonyulo kufika. Ekhathazekile ngale meko, urhulumente US wagqiba ukuba kuphunywe Batista eSpeyin, apho uya kuchitha ubomi. Kwaye e Cuba, ngoJanuwari 1, 1959 umkhosi, ikhokelwa abazalwana Castro, wathabatha Havana amema lenguquko olululo.

umzalwana odume

revolution Cuba Raul Castro, ubomi bakhe bonke eduze nomntakwabo omdala Fidel. Baba ecaleni kwenye, imfazwe yenkululeko, kunye eyenziwe kwilizwe emva kokuwa uzwilakhe Batista. Kulo mzekelo, Raul wavuma ukususela ekuqaleni ngeembono zamaKomanisi yaye phezu elinamandla umkhuluwa ngokuthi ibuyele kamva kule ideology. Raul waba charisma ngaphantsi yaye ngoko ke akazange afune ukuba kweso sikhundla lokuqala intshukumo kwaye kweli lizwe. Yena lula wanika indima yokuqala ivayolin mdala Castro, kodwa ebesoloko ulihlathi oluthembekileyo lo mzalwana. Kamva, waba yindoda, ukuseka ubudlelwane nobuhlobo kunye eSoviet Union, nto leyo yanceda ukuba uMzantsi ukunyuka lizwe. Phakathi abazalwana ebezisoloko ubudlelwane nobuhlobo, nangona ngamanye amaxesha baphikisene ngayo malunga ne umendo ngekamva leli lizwe.

ukuba umgaqo

Emva kokuba ngoloyiso revolution eCuba, Raul Castro ukuqalisa ngolawulo kwiphondo Oriente. Fidel ayifakanga noko wayefuna ukuba aqalise umzalwana wakhe, ukuba kwizikhundla eziphezulu igunya, njengokuba lo umninawa Yaba nobushushu zilandelwe izimvo olukhulu kakhulu. Raul uye indima ephambili ngumzalwana kunye kuxhaswa ngamandla ngaye, yena ebanjwe nkqubo walo ndawo wada wenza intshabalalo abachasi bakhe.

Raul Kastro akazange wamngcatshayo iimbono zakhe yobusoshiyali yaye ngokuthe ngcembe kunye nomntakwabo omdala ukuzuza. NgoFebruwari 1959, Fidel Castro uphethe isithuba zentloko karhulumente, kunye Castro esitsha intloko semkhosini lizwe. Koko wabubhekisa eMnyango Revolutionary Armed Forces xa ewonke iminyaka engaphezu 49, oku irekhodi lomhlaba ubude lokuhlala kwindawo isithuba efanayo. iinzame nempi yakhe Cuba eliqeshiweyo likhulile ukuya amawaka 50 abantu, loo nto ayithethi nje ukukhusela ukhuseleko leli lizwe, kodwa wathatha inxaxheba zomzabalazo wenkululeko Ethiopia ne Angola.

umsebenzi wezopolitiko

Fidel Castro, ngokuhamba kwexesha, trusts ukuba umninawa wakhe, kwaye avule indlela hayi kuphela kulawulo umkhosi, kodwa kwakhona ukunika amandla ezopolitiko. Ngowe-1961, Raul waba Sekela-Sihlalo Planning Council Central, apho usebenza comrade bakhe endala Che Guevara. Ngowe-1962 wasebenza unobhala yesibini ulawulo United Revolutionary Imibutho. Ukususela ngo-1963, ngokuba ngumntu wesibini emva Fidel kwi United Party of Socialist Revolution of Cuba. Xa imigudu yakhe iqela labizwa ngokuba wamaKomanisi, iimbono zakhe zaba sisiseko imfundiso karhulumente. Ngowe-1965, engena iKomiti Central of Cuba wamaKomanisi Party, intloko ikhomishini wezemikhosi kunye nokhuseleko karhulumente. Ukususela ngo-1962, Raul Castro, ke usekela-sihlalo lukarhulumente, kwaye ke igama kwi lokuqala elifike, ngoko usekela-sihlalo weBhunga State, enyanisweni, wahlala umntu wesibini kwi imeko kule minyaka wolawulo Fidel. Yaba isekela elinye yeSizwe yeNdibano Amandla Abantu kangangeminyaka 25. Ukongeza, Raul ithabathe inxaxheba kwi nkqubo angaphandle kunye noqoqosho karhulumente. lowo wadibana kunye nenkokheli yiSoviet Union ukuba babe nokunika uncedo emaqandeni ukuba urhulumente omtsha yali, sele iqaliswe ukunciphisa izithintelo loqoqosho uphuhliso kwezokhenketho, kwenziwa iinguqu kwezolimo. Icandelo yezimali kweli lizwe subordinated phantse ngokupheleleyo Raul.

Head of State

Ngowe-1997, Fidel Castro okokuqala kwi-Congress Party of Cuba ogama Raul ezihlangwini zakhe kunokwenzeka. Njengoko Castro omdala uguga, namandla ngakumbi nangakumbi waphumla ngomhla emagxeni umninawa. Ngowe-2006, Fidel Castro wenza umsebenzi kakhulu, kwaye negunya elawula ilizwe okwethutyana kodwa ngokungekho ukubeka Raul Castro. Health ungumzalwana yaba mbi, ayenzelwe wabonakala esidlangalaleni. NgoJanuwari 2008, ngaba unyulo zepalamente, apho Castro abancinane udlula-1 ekhulwini umzalwana wakhe. NgoFebruwari 2008, ngokusesikweni Fidel isaziso sokuba uyarhoxa ukusuka kuma ngentsika ngurhulumente kuqala. February 24, 2008, Raul Castro, photo labhabha ngephanyazo kulo lonke eendaba kwehlabathi, waba ngumongameli Cuba.

Utshintsho e Cuba

UMongameli ifomathi entsha, lo wenguquko - ezinjalo epithets abenikwe cofa omtsha uMongameli Raul Castro. Umgaqo-Cuba xa ivavanywa inani lotshintsho olubalulekileyo. Okokuqala, ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ngokuzimisela elibenze uzilawula, ndandidibana neenkokheli Latin American waya eMoscow wada wavakalisa nokulungela kwakhe lokudibana noMongameli US, yaye yabanjwa ngo-2015 loo ntlanganiso. Ngo-2009, i-US ususa izithintelo yobulungu Cuba xa koMbutho American States uqalisa nkqubo lula ubudlelwane phakathi kwe US ne Cuba. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni isuswe ukukwaywa kwimpahla waseCuba eUnited States, inikeza iinqwelo phakathi kwamazwe. Ngelo xesha eCuba, izohlwayo udiniwe, iphuhlisa imeko yezoqoqosho inzima, yaye ukuba isisombululo kule ngxaki, Raul uCastro uthe msebenzi wakhe uphambili. Ubeke eziliqela utshintsho zobunene evumela mobile phones ukuba abahlali lizwe, ivumele abalimi ngokwabo ukuchaza izicwangciso ukulinywa kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo, ezama ukutsala abakhenkethi kunye notyalo-mali kuqoqosho, likuvumela ukuba bathengise lwezindlu zoluntu. Ubomi ngcembe uqalisa ukwakha, nangona iingxaki kunye noMongameli kunye lizwe kusenjalo kakhulu kunene. Ngo-2013, abantu eCuba ukuya Raul kwakhona wayaleza ubunkokheli zelakowabo.

bamxolele

Ngexesha lakhe, Raul Castro ufumene iimbasa ezininzi, eyona nabafo isihloko Hero weRiphabliki, i-Order of Maksimo Gomesa, zintatu Cienfuegos, isihloko elilwela inkululeko nemfazwe efihlakeleyo, kwaye eSoviet Union Order: uLenin i-Oktobha Revolution, Order of the Orthodox for uncedo ekwakhiweni iitempile .

isimbo uCastro kaThixo zobunkokeli

Laseburhulumenteni Raul Castro wavela abe njengenkosana kumzabalazo olululo. Wayebalasele yakhe ngqongqo ulutsha kunye intransigence. Ubomi kancinci yathamba umsindo wakhe, kodwa yena uhlala yinkokheli ngegqudu ongabunyamezeliyo ayiphikisani amazwi bakhusele kuluvo lwabo. Ngelo xesha, Raul uye waba lilungu elikhutheleyo zocindezelo Fidel Castro, yaye ubuqaqawuli inkokheli esithatha igcina.

Family kunye nabantwana

Raul Castro, ogama ubomi lobuqu unomdla kakhulu kwimidiya abantu waphila ubomi bakhe bonke umfazi, lowo wadibana ebutsheni bakhe. Emva ngo-1956, kwinkampu mvukeli ezintabeni, adibana intombi kolawulo utywala ngu Vilma Espin. Abantu abatsha zimanyaniswe luthando lamazwana kunye ingcinga jikelele. Ngowe-1959, baza batshata baza bahlala kunye de kwasa ekufeni kwakhe ngowe-2007. Yena wawusebenza umsebenzi ekuhlaleni kweli lizwe, wenza imisebenzi eli nenekazi yokuqala, ukususela Fidel ukuba umtshato nomfazi wakhe. Esi sibini wayenabantwana abane. Intombi yabo Mariela Castro yi alwele ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo bambalwa ngokwesini.