Sistine Chapel - kukuba ... i Sistine Chapel eVatican

Chapel - ibandla elincinane, elingcwele, amalungu entsapho enye, abahlali woxande olude okanye ebhotwe. Ulwimi Russian elithi "Wena mboni" Maxa wambi eliguqulelwa ngokuthi "Wena mboni", kodwa oku akuyonyani ngokupheleleyo. Kwigumbi akukho isibingelelo, ezinye ngomthendeleko apho ayikwazi wenziwe. Nangona ndlwana ke ibandla ngokupheleleyo zonke iimpawu. I Sistine Chapel eVatican - izakhiwo edume kakhulu kolu hlobo.

History of indalo

I Sistine Chapel yakhiwa kwiminyaka 1475-1483 yi-odolo Pope Sixtus IV kaThixo, ogama luthwala unanamhla. Eli abangooBhishophu ke nani edidayo. Kwelinye icala, ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe yenkohlakalo kunye ukunyoba, ukuba xa iveziwe Kwamacala, kwaye yokuqala karhulumente ukutshiswa njengabaqhekeki.

Kwelinye icala, idume ngokuba wakhuthaza nasekuphuhliseni inzululwazi nobugcisa. Washukumisa yokuhlala kapopu Vatican City yaye enze okuninzi ukuze kubuyiselwe kunye nokuphuculwa neRoma. Ekwenza, baye bafumanisa ithala leencwadi kunye imyuziyam lokuqala uluntu ehlabathini, baza bakha Sistine Chapel, kuba imikhosi ezibalulekileyo yamaKatolika iCawa. Kweli nqanaba, yaye ngoku ndihambela mkhwa of abefundisi ukuba unyulo Pope.

Isisombululo yezakhiwo

Xa amagunya Ngenkulungwane XV phakathi zonqulo urhulumente wezwe abahlulwanga ngokupheleleyo, maxa wambi ukungqubana abaxhobileyo. Ngaphandle amarhamente njengesiqhelo, uwexulwe, irhafu prohibitively eziphakamileyo kakhulu, maxa nabuganga ukuvakalisa umsindo wakhe ngokuphandle. Kulo mba, oopopu wayefuna ukuba ikhusi ekhethekileyo Vatican, abaza kusabela enebala bakhe kumaxesha anzima kunye akunakuqinisekiswa.

Kulo ngasezibukweni ngokucelwa Sixtus IV waza waba Sistine Chapel. Esi sakhiwo evela ngaphandle ukuba liqukumbele lo hlobo njengenqaba, kwaye lokubhalela ukugxininisa ubukhulu kunye namandla kwakuphethe.

Ukusombulula ezi ngxaki, ndiye ndabizwa ngokomakhi ityendyana Florence Dzhovanni De Dolci. Wakha ke ukwakha inkangeleko efana yindawo, kwaye ezaziphethe umsebenzi lwangaphakathi ukuzoba imizobo.

Sistine Chapel - yinto isakhiwo encinci (kunye ummandla uwonke 520 m²), okoxande kwimilo, kunye phezulu (m ubude 21) amanqugwala eluphahleni. ibonwe zayo, ngokutsho Sixtus IV, afana enkulu edume itempile uSolomon kuqala itempile yaseYerusalem.

Le umhombiso elingaphakathi

Ngowe-1480 Sixtus IV wamema zabazobi edume kakhulu ixesha ukudala imizobo. Siye inxaxheba kumsebenzi re Botticelli, Domenico Girlondayo, Luca Signorelli, Pietro Perugino kunye Pinturiko oselula.

Kwiminyaka emibini kwaphela igcisa ukupeyinta iindonga ecaweni. mbili eliphakathi bathatha imifanekiso izicaphulo ubomi kaMoses kunye noYesu Kristu. Xa wenze phezulu, kwizikhewu phakathi ngeefestile, baba eni soopopu zokuqala ukusuka St. uPetros Marcellus I. Le kwenqanaba esezantsi isithethe lishiywe nesisitheliso bebephethe abangooBhishophu.

Ngasentla kwesibingelelo ngumsebenzi Perugino ngomfanekiso "Inkolelo kaMariya". Isilingi zifakelwe isibhakabhaka star-kuhluthiswa. Ezi zinto zaziwa kuthi kuphela iinkcazelo, t. To. Emva kwamashumi embalwa emva kokufunyanwa ecaweni, kwafakwa kunye esekelwe yi uMichelangelo.

Lampshade le Sistine Chapel ngu uMichelangelo

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVI kwi Sistine Chapel polotke sibange ehamba ecaleni ubude balo lonke. Pope Julius II wayalela lokusibekela waxelela UMichelangelo, owayesebenza ngeli xesha phezu eqingqiweyo ukuya Lingcwaba abangooBhishophu elizayo, bagubungele ayifulele esekelwe.

UMichelangelo Buonarroti, owazalwa kunyaka Share le Sistine Chapel (1475), xa 1508th wayesele nomkroli odumileyo. Kodwa ukupeyinta omkhulu kwakukho into ezingaqhelekanga kuye. Wazama okusemandleni akhe ukuze lo msebenzi, kodwa uYuliyo II wakwazi ukuba inyanzelise eyedwa. Ngoko ke, ukufumana look yakho ogqityiweyo odumileyo Sistine Chapel. Inkcazelo, imbali nokudalwa esekelwe ziye ndaba yophando izizukulwana ezininzi mbali zobugcisa.

Inxalenye engundoqo yophahla wathabatha imiboniso 9 ezilandelelanayo yeTestamente eNdala, phakathi kwabo "I uMkhukula", "Welani", ukudalwa kwindawo abantu bokuqala (uAdam noEva), kunye nabanye. Kunye kujikelezo umbhali ezi esekelwe zazibonisa abaprofeti sibyls, naphezu asemacaleni arch - sisandulela kaYesu Kristu. ezingaphezu kwama-300 baye babonisa, nasasebenzayo nangoku ukoyisa igunya layo kunye nobuhle bangaphandle.

Abaphandi abanakukwazi ukuza utoliko zicacileyo ezi imifanekiso. Abanye bona babe ukutyhilwa ethile yeBhayibhile, ngoxa abanye - kutoliko entsha abalinganiswa dantevskoy 'Divine Comedy ", kunye nabanye Siqinisekile ukuba kaMichelangelo waqalisa amanqanaba ekunyukeni kwabantu esonweni ukuya imeko tatanizma isigaba eyayingekaphuhli kunye nemfezeko kaThixo.

Ngomfanekiso "Umgwebo Wokugqibela"

22 Iminyaka Emva kaMichelangelo wamenywa umva ukusebenza umhombiso kwi Sistine Chapel. Ngowe-1534, uPopu Clement VII wamthuma ukuba ukupeyinta kodonga ngentla kwesibingelelo. Umphumo waba eqatywe "Umgwebo Wokugqibela", apho abahlalutyi Wabizela kuye omnye zibalaseleyo imbali yezobugcisa yehlabathi.

Ngeli xesha, umculi kubonisiwe umntu obuthathaka, ndilihlwempu ebusweni yentlekele kungekudala. Ukususela inkolelo yangaphambili ubukhulu kunye nobuhle abantu wawungasekho. Kule ndawo "Umgwebo" Akukho ubomi Umgudu okanye character encomekayo.

Xa iziko ibekwa nguYesu. Kodwa ubuso bakhe bayingozi kwaye luluqilima. Izandla zakhe emkhenkceni xa ukohlwaya senzo. Ubuso yabapostile, uKristu asirhawule ngeenxa zonke, nabo, zizele ngumsindo. Ezandleni zabo ukuba ubambe ngeempahla nxaniso ukuba azimhambeli kakuhle ukuba abangendawo ukuya kuqubuda phambi kwabo.

Ngasekupheleni Imizobo dorisovki kunye nemisebenzi nokubuyiselwa

Sistine Chapel - ke lesikhumbuzo mkhulu ukuya zobugcisa omkhulu le Renaissance. Kodwa Izilungiso kamva kunye nemizobo yongeziweyo yenzelwe ubungqina ebalulekileyo yembali.

Scene "Imini Yomgwebo" qhu imizimba ze ukusuka ekuqaleni kwathathwa abefundisi ambiguously. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba uPopu Paul IV wayalela umfundi UMichelangelo - de Volterra yokugubungela amalungu angasese eboniswe amanani yekhethelo, kwakunye Clement VIII nabo bonke wayalela ukuba atshabalalise ngomfanekiso. Gcina kwaba kuphela kuMoses, amagcisa. Kwazanywa ukuba ukugqiba nezambatho XVII-XVIII eminyaka.

Ngenxa yoko, xa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XX, iqela leengcali sele uqalile umsebenzi wokubuyiselwa phambi kwabo wema ingxaki enkulu - loluphi uguqulelo ufuna ukubuyisela womzobo. Kwagqitywa - ashiye draperies, ndiwufeze de uVoltaire ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVI, kunye nezinye iinguqu ukususa.

Emva ekucoceni esekelwe uthuthu lweziko kunye eluthulini, baphinde kwakhanyisa imibala eqaqambileyo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukubona umfanekiso kwifomu apho ukuba zabhalwa iinkosi omkhulu Renaissance.

Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, yintoni na indlwana, kumelwe kuphawulwe ukuba kusetyenziswa kuphela ukubhekisela izakhiwo zonqulo. Chapel wabiza indawo kwi yecawa, apho ukucula, umculo okanye ukucula lomculo abenza umculo ongcwele, okanye iziko zomculo oqeqeshiweyo ezifana Academic Capella (St. Petersburg, Moika, 20).