Spacers naslonnye imiqadi: inkcazelo, iziphaluka, kunye neempawu isixhobo sokubala

Ezisekele kwenza isakhiwo ilungu inkxaso engundoqo naluphi na uphahla. Iindlela ukuzifaka, zininzi. Amaxesha amaninzi, imizi uphahla iyaqokelelwa, umzekelo, kwi imiqadi spacer naslonnyh. osemqoka zazo eziphambili kukuba basebenza kwinkonzo lophahla kunye yokugoba ucinezelo. Ethunyelwayo nodonga nkqo nje kuphela kodwa amandla tye.

Iimpawu design

Enyanisweni, imiqadi ezinjalo yenguqu naslonnyh ukusuka kwelinye ukuya nesisitheliso-ekusasazeni. umthwalo nkqo ukuba kugqitha esibondeni Ridge ume. Spacer xi efanayo ezinjalo imiqadi abe phezu kweendonga ngenxa yokuba ziqhotyoshelwe imiqadi okanye mauerlat ezinzima. Ngale ndlela bokulungisa kukwisakhelo kophahla ntshikilelo tye ugcina kwenzeka. Scheme naslonnyh izixhaso spacer thaca ngezantsi ibonisa umgaqo yokusebenza ngokucacileyo.

Yintoni efanele ukuqwalaselwa xa kuyilwa

Phambi Ukufakelwa kophahla, Kambe ke, kufuneka ukuba kuphuhliswe oluneenkcukacha ufakelo umzobo zonke izinto zayo, kuquka emiqadini. Ekwenzeni isakhelo eliseluphahleni zale projekthi kufuneka kuqala ichazwe:

• nge i ezisekele ukuthambekela naslonnyh;
• icandelo labo;
• iimboniselo ezinkulu wasebenzisa;
• kokufaka inyathelo;
• iindlela attachment.

kufuneka ibe yintoni le engela ukuthambekela

Ukuze kubalwe le parameter ukusondela ngenkathalo. Vula ukulungisa ziya kukhethwa engile ngqo indlela ixhomekeke ukuthembeka ukuqina isakhiwo ezifana uphahla imiqadi naslonnymi. Ngokusesikweni, Kakade ke, kufuneka ube phezu isakhiwo bulula. Kulo mzekelo, le ndlu iya kuba nee eliphezulu zokuhlala okanye cars. Ukongeza, inkangeleko ipoma izakhiwo kunye nophahla enomtsalane kangaka. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso eweni wophahla, kakade, tyaba ebiza kakhulu.

Ukongeza iimpawu kwenu kukusebenza elizayo lophahla kunye yokwakha isakhiwo, indlela ukhetho-angle semitha kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo imibandela efana:

• Ubunzima lilonke izinto nophahla iyasetyenziswa;
• umthwalo ikhephu kunokwenzeka;
• umthwalo umoya.

Ngokuba izinto nophahla nganye, kukho ndizenzele ubuncinane eyamkelekileyo engile yayo rate. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ngokuba intsimbi oko degrees 12-14, ngokuba isileyiti - 22 degrees, njl kuphuhliso projekthi, Kakade ke, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ...

umoya kunokwenzeka kunye nomthwalo nekhephu phezu kophahla umiselwa kwitafile ekhethekileyo sibhalwe zommandla ngamnye. Kwiindawo ezininzi Russia engile ngokupheleleyo ithambeka ngokusekelwe kwezi zalathisi na izinyuko 30-45.

Yini pilomaterily ukhethe

Ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, ube yeyona ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu isakhelo eliseluphahleni ezi imiqadi kanye naslonnye. Ulwakhiwo (neendawo ngokwabo iinyawo) nabo kulo mzekelo ilungu inkxaso engundoqo kufuneka ibe okuqinileyo kwaye uzinzile. Ngoko ke, lo ukhetho ngamaplanga kubo kufuneka beze njenge onoxanduva kakhulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Amaninzi, ukuze imiqadi uphahla amakhaya lizwe kusetyenziswa pine imithi. Nangemithi enjalo iqulethe eninzi phezulu, kwaye ngoko ke ayinyangeki okuphakamileyo ukufuma. Ukongeza, ngemithi nompleyini nayo enkulu ngokwaneleyo kokhuseleko yaye imali eninzi kakhulu.

Indlela yokwenza uphahla ubalo naslonnyh

icandelo umqadi cross ukuba izinto ezixhasa benqwanqwa eliseluphahleni kubalwa ngokususela zinto zilandelayo:

• Ubunzima lilonke uphahla payi;
• pitch phakathi ezisekele;
• ubude bayo.

imiqadi naslonnye afakiweyo ngokwemizuzu cm-50 ukuya kwezili-120. Kuloo mimandla apho ikhephu elininzi ebusika, umgama phakathi kwezi zinto yenziwa ezincinane. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo kuphahla, ezihonjiswe izinto nophahla enzima, efana iithayile uphahla ngodongwe. Ukuba imvula iwela kummandla ayikho kakhulu ngexesha ezibandayo, unokugcina ukuseta imiqadi kunye pitch enkulu. In European Russia usebenzisa for khazi okanye nophahla Ondulina imiqadi sheet ezibusazinge uqobo elapha kumgama nama-80-100 cm ukusuka kwenye.

Ngokumalunga ubude umlenze ofunekayo, uze ungawuchaza kakhulu nje. Design naslonnyh imiqadi, njengayo nayiphi na, kukuba ezayo ngokungqalileyo uphahla indlu idla unxantathu isosceles. Ngoko ke, ukuze ukubala ubude imilenze, kufuneka nje ukwabelana isiqingatha ngangomolulo isakhiwo i cosine ye-engile ye ethambekeni. Kule nani kufuneka kongezwe kwi nama-40 itulo cm.

Ukwazi nobude imiqadi kwaye ukuba ukujonga umgama phakathi kwabo, unako ngokulula ufumanise ukuba kufuneka-candelo. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa iitafile ezizodwa. Kaninzi kuthatha imiqadi icandelo bha 150x150 cm Phantsi mauerlat kuba ngexesha lokusebenza abe ngumthwalo kakhulu ngokuqhelekileyo sebenzisa izinto ziyatyeba -. 150x200 okanye 200x200 cm.

Indlela ukuze kukhuselwe ezantsi

Mauerlat ukuba eziphathekayo zodaka idla zigxunyekwe ankile kwi nodaka pre-onodonga, okanye wamatye. Iindlela ukulungisa imiqadi okunene kukho ezininzi:

• ngokuthi notching;
• usebenzisa nezitshixo Isefu neekona;
• usebenzisa izikhonkwane, izibopho kunye iingcingo.

Umqadi okwelakho shelwe ibandla benqwanqwa kophahla okanye ngqo kwi mauerlat, okanye ukwandisa ngaphaya moya ka imiqadi eludongeni. Kwimeko yokugqibela, intaba kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini:

1. eweni (degrees 35) xa beam umqadi vrubka badla luvelise nezinyo elinye. Kulo mzekelo, nomlenze cut spike, yaye impendulo inxalenye - ugxininiso olulodwa. Eneneni kanye uthimbo kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izitshixo.
2. Xa uphahla izidanga, ethwele komhlaba ngenxa yokwanda compound senziwa notching kunye nokusetyenziswa nezinyo kabini.

Xa ngokuthanda ngqo mauerlat kwi umqadi ziguyiwe kuphela isihlalo obandayo. nitrogen ngqwabalala kule meko yenziwa kaninzi usebenzisa iikona ezikhethekileyo kwalenza tubing. Bona ibekwe emacaleni imilenze ubotshwe ngezikhonkwane. Ukunciphisa umthwalo phezu kodonga tyaba ukusuka eluphahleni, maxa wambi kwi umqadi bar ngezantsi kwakhona abotshwe (ukuba ayeke kwi mauerlat). Loo indibano lokuvala ngokuqhelekileyo esisigxina ngakumbi ucingo-ngentonga. It ukwakha eludongeni kwinqanaba ubhejo okanye bephosa ibhanti nokuqinisa.

Ngamanye amaxesha naslonnye ezisekele ngomthi zimiliselwe mauerlat kunye nendibano lezikhonkwane ezintathu. Kwakhona indlela entle inokuthenjwa. Kulo mzekelo, isikhonkwane iqhutywa niye eYordan phakathi, imiqadi, kunye nezinye izinto ezimbini imo yekona okungephi ngapha nangapha kuye. Ngale ndlela bokulungisa kunilungele kwakhona ukusebenzisa Ukongezelela ucingo-ngentonga. Ngamanye amaxesha isicelo esikhundleni yamasango ezizodwa, yokukhwabusha umqadi ngaphezu mauerlat.

Indlela ukuze kukhuselwe phezulu

Ngaphezu naslonnye imiqadi nazo ilungiswe ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngamanye amaxesha iyalungiswa ngqo kwi kummango aqhutywa notching, kodwa kunjalo idityaniswe ngababini phezu kwayo. Kwimeko yokugqibela, indlela ukuze ziqokelelwe ifama "kwisiqingatha-umthi" okanye ngokusebenzisa iipleyiti intsimbi ubukhulu okanye nemivalo.

Ekubeni naslonnye izithuba umqadi luyasuka nodonga kuquka umthwalo zilaliswe ngecala kwiindibanisela zabo ezinkulu, kwakunye isisitheliso, maxa wambi ngababini evulwa ngaphezu ukudibanisa enkcochoyini.

inqubo yokufaka

Ingaba naslonnaya indlu imiqadi inkqubo le ntlobo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ukususela iibhodi elide oqingqiweyo ipatheni apho kamva ke imiqadi aqingqiweyo. ukusetyenziswa kwayo ivumela ukuba kwenza izinto ezifanayo, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, nivuse ngombala kophahla.
• nedawo Extreme enyusiweyo (yi gables).
• Phakathi kwabo, umgangatho non-elastic bulukwe uthambo tye abonakalisa.
• Ngu yemiqadi yokuhlanganisa ukuba nezixhaso intermediate eqhotyoshelweyo.
• Bona fixed pole ephakeme. Baziqinisa ukuya nesakhelo kungenziwa vpoldereva okanye iikona.
• Onyuswe izixhaso kakhulu.
• Kunye ukumisa inyathelo eliphakathi ekhethiweyo.

Emva kokuba isiseko benqwanqwa eliseluphahleni ibandla, dlulela nokufakelwa yokugquma, amanzi, zokuxhoma kunye avala.

izinto ezongezelelweyo naslonnyh imiqadi

inkqubo-sikhokelo ezi zilwanyana rhoqo imvelaphi inyuselwa khona phezu izindlu ezinkulu kunye ngokubanzi isebenza khona. Kulo mzekelo, ukunqanda imfuneko nezinyuko, yaye iindleko yiyo okungeyomfuneko ekwakhiweni kwezindlu ziquka izinto ezongezelelweyo - ezikhaphukhaphu okanye neyophahla podstropilnye. Lowo isiphelo lokuqala iqhotyoshelwe endaweni yokubeka kunye sleepers uqhagamshelwano, kwaye eyesibini, kwi-engile degrees 45 - kanye emiqadini. Isiphumo inkxaso eyongezelelweyo, engaquki avumele unyawo yokuveza kakhulu imithwalo xa kakhulu. Nqumlani imfuneko yoyika ngezantsi nje engile degrees 45. Kukho umsantsa phakathi kwabo, bar kwaye unyawo ekungavumelekileyo.

Ukusebenzisa imiqadi podstropilnyh ikuvumela ukuba kuqokelela eluphahleni oluthembeke kakhulu ngokuphathelele izindlu ngezipani ebanzi kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, esibondeni kummango ayifakwanga. Endaweni yoko, neendonga ndawonye sleepers zokuqala ezimbini, apho ibekwe phezu nezinye izinto. On kubo imiqadi eDibanisa okuninzi, ngokuqinileyo ukuxhasa imiqadi naslonnye. amanqaku uncamathiselo kule meko yenziwa ngendlela efanayo naleyo echazwe mauerlat. Oko kukuthi, imiqadi kuqala ekhethiweyo ebikhona yentaka, yaye ngoko ke iqhotyoshelwe umqadi esebenzisa kwizibiyeli.

Yintoni Ekufuneka Uzazi

Sebenzisa naslonnye umqadi izithuba iindidi izindlu nje ngezitena, ibhloko okanye iindonga monolithic. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu yokuba kule meko attachment mauerlat enziwe afana. Kwi izindlu ngamaplanga uphahla ezi zilwanyana lingakulungele, ngenxa yokuba izakhiwo ezinjalo emva kokwakhiwa esikwaziyo ukuvelisa i shrinkage olomeleleyo. Ngenxa yoko, zigxunyekwe isithsaba aphezulu uphahla nje ibali. Xa zindlu ayinakutshintshwa ukuze imiqadi mauerlat kwi iiseli ezikhethekileyo - "ebusika" ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwazo.

isiphelo

Njengoko ubona, ukubala ufake umqadi naslonnye izithuba kuphela akunzima. Noko ke, kungakhathaliseki indlela yabo uncamathiselo mauerlat, ngemiqadi purlins esingakhethwanga, wonke umsebenzi kufuneka wenziwe ngocoselelo - nomgangatho iziqalelo kwamanani, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubuchwepheshe. Kungenjalo uphahla ukufumana zabekwa kungekudala uza kufuna ukulungiswa okanye nkqu reinstallation.