Tale "Bazalwana Ababini": yintoni injongo yobomi?

Loncwadi kunye nomsebenzi bulumko L. N. Tolstogo kwaye kakhulu nok bexesha yakhe kwizizukulwana ezilandelayo, ngokunjalo, iinkokeli zonqulo zezopolitiko kunye ababhali onke amazwe kunye nabantu. Akukho mntu wahlala akanandaba umsebenzi wakhe: akukho umbhali French A. Morua okanye sobulumko Indian kunye nenkokheli yezopolitiko Mahatma Gandhi, akukho sobulumko Russian VV Rozanov okanye Christian A. Men. Tolstoy ezininzi njengento okukhulu. awayecinga, wabhala, amalungiselelo isikolo abantwana e Yasnaya Polyana, yaye akazange acinge ngayo uzuko lwakhe.

kwisikolo samabanga

Phezu umhlala-phantsi wakhe, waya eYurophu, Leo ngo-1859, xa wayeneminyaka engama-30 ubudala, wavula isikolo Sasungulwa abantwana, endikholisiweyo nguye wabona elizayo Lomonosov, Pushkin. Ngamanye amazwi, zamani anqabileyo. Abafundi kwi sikolo kancinane (amashumi amathathu anesixhenxe), kodwa amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana zozihlanu kuyo kunye, apho zingazange kwamkelwa kwinkqubo yesikolo ngelo xesha.

imigaqo yemfundo Basic Tolstoy

Yasnaya Polyana kakhulu ootitshala bakholelwa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuze akhule umntu yoyilo. Yaye njani? Abantwana kufuneka ukuba:

• ubonwa;
• ukukwazi ukucinga ngokuzimeleyo;
• ukukwazi ukuba azive kakhulu;
• inkolo.

Kananjalo kufuneka bahlonele ubuntu womntwana kwaye uthathe ingqalelo ukuba uneempazamo.

Ukongeza izifundo ezifana abaziqhelileyo nokufunda, ukubhala, arithmetic, imbali, isikolo, iincwadi zokufunda, ukuhamba-ezithathwa epakini, entsimini kwaye egadini. Bona amabali malunga War Patriotic Enkulu ka 1812, uxelela amabali uyafundisa. Yaziswa, kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi - ukuchwela kunye nabantwana aqhelekileyo umsebenzi wokulima. UTolstoy wafuna ukwenza zonke izinto fun kwaye iluncedo ebantwaneni.

iincwadi zabantwana

Kuloo minyaka, kwakukho mdla kunye nemisebenzi eziyimfuneko esibhaliweyo ingakumbi abantwana.

L. N. Tolstoy wayefuna ukulungisa le meko. Ukususela ngo1862, waqala ukubhala amabali amafutshane, oonobumba, iintsomi, oko kukuthi zonke ukuba abantwana bafunde ngokulula ngaphandle uxinezeleko. Phakathi kwabo ngantsomi, "Bazalwana Ezimbini", nto leyo eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi. I-ABC waba ne imizobo, nto leyo ebonisa amabali amafutshane.

Ngoncedo lwe LN Tolstoy izikolo ezingamashumi wavula ebumelwaneni.

A tale esisilumkiso njengoko enikezelwa yi Leo Tolstoy

Njengoko tale iqala, "Bazalwana Ababini"? Endleleni, apho abazalwana, mhlawumbi abadala benobuchule bokufunda nokubhala. Xa ke walala phantsi ekuphumleni emini ehlathini. Xa bakuthi balulu, babubona ecaleni ilitye, apho kwakukho imibhalo. Loo nto ifana sentsomi, "Bazalwana Ababini" iqala. Ngokuthe ngcembe Bayithabatha ukuba babebhala kuyo. Abahambi bacelwa ukuba ukuya ukuphuma kwelanga, ngoko ukuwela umlambo, emva koko uthabathe amathole ukusuka ibhere kwaye ukubaleka, hayi ekhangela emva entabeni. Kwaye iya kuba yindlu, kwaye endlwini ulonwabo apho. Tale "Bazalwana Ababini" ivula le imvakalozwi.

Ntoni aba bazalwana

Aba bazalwana, nangona bathe baba intsapho bayinyusa ngendlela efanayo, Noko ke, baba eyahlukileyo. Lo mzalwana omdala beza itekisi ngokusemthethweni, ezenziwayo kunye lula. Akazange ababengakholelwa kwathiwa, wabona emva koku imiqobo emininzi kakhulu ayithandabuze into yokuba ulonwabo inokufumaneka. Hayi ke yajika Minor. Kwaba romantic, luzele self-inkolelo, zimisele, nesibindi. Wayefuna ukoyisa imiqobo kunye ukufezekisa ulonwabo. Ngoko ke, ukuqala i sentsomi, "Bazalwana Ababini" ubonisa abantu indlela ezahlukeneyo.

Abazalwana kuxoxwa konke oko kubhalwe etyeni. Junior wacela ukuya ndawonye ukuze bafune ubutyebi bakhe. Senior wabona imiqobo ezininzi kakhulu; mhlawumbi oku zonke ubuxoki noko kubhalwe etyeni, kodwa ukuba yinyani, kunokwenzeka ukuba ulahlekile emahlathini, ukuba kutshona emlanjeni, okanye nitshabalale kwi akhu- nebhere zokukhusela amathole ayo. Ke ekugqibeleni, ukuba bonke liweyise, ayaziwa ukuba ulonwabo ukuba kufuneka ukunikela ilitye. Jr. wanika izizathu zakhe: akukho ukubhala akukho namnye uya kuba ilitye, zama ukukhangela ulonwabo kuyimfuneko, ukuba akuthanga ukusebenza, ngoko aniyi ukufezekisa nawuphi na ulonwabo, yaye ekugqibeleni, akazange afune ukuba ingqalelo igwala.

Ngamnye umbono wakhe. Senior isigqibo esichengeni akehla aye naphi na. Indlela waya umninawa. Ukusukela ukuba oku sentsomi, abazalwana ababini kulo ngokuyimfuneko ukufumana zonke kusifanele. ubhuti Qinisekisa ethembekileyo baphila ubomi nangokuzola, kwaye junior uqinisekile ukuba ulonwabo anokufunyanwa, nangona ngenkankulu zokuhamba.

Njengoko abazalwana inkolelo yabonisa

Bazichaza Imizekeliso kwi sentsomi "Abazalwana ababini" Tolstoy:

Bona bahlukene polar: wonke umntu inyaniso yabo. Nguwo lowo aphambili sentsomi, "Bazalwana Ababini": umbono wokuphila kunye nolonwabo oyiqondayo indlela yabo. Ngoko ke, besahlukana abazalwana.

adventures

umzalwana omncinane boyisa yonke imiqobo, bubuyiselwe ubukumkani. Iminyaka emihlanu ke ukumkani, waza emva koko kwafika utshaba, waza walahlekelwa imfazwe, waqhubeka nohambo lwakhe waza wabuyela ekhaya.

Oko akufumeneyo ekhaya

Ke indlu yonke kunjalo - nokuba ulihlwempu okanye usisityebi. Abazalwana baqala ukuxoxa kwenzeka ntoni kubo.
Kwaye abaphezulu ngobulumko wathi nangona incinane yaye ukumkani, kodwa walahlekelwa nentlungu kubonwa. Abazalwana kodwa uthethe ngayo yonke into eyahlukileyo. Oku kuqinisekiswa endimeni ethile sentsomi, "Bazalwana Ababini". Yiloo nto waxelela abancinane intetho nangaphezulu: "Nangona embi ngoku kodwa unento ukukhumbula ubomi bam, yaye wena khumbula, ndaye ndingenanto."

Esi silumko enkulu, kangangokuba ibe kuthelekiswa abaprofeti yebhayibhile, Leo Tolstoy ecacileyo kakhulu kwaye nje wasondela iindlela ezimbini ebomini. Kulo mzekelo ibali wonke bangakhetha oko ukusondela kuye.