Tatar-Mongol ukuhlaselwa

Tatar-Mongol ngokuhlaselwa Russia indishiye uphawu ebalulekileyo kwimbali yeli lizwe. Nangoku, emva kweenkulungwane ezininzi, ababhali-mbali uqhubeka ukufunda eli xesha linzima, iimpawu eziphambili yazo kubukhoboka kwegazi. idyokhwe elide nyambalala Golden isiganeko yembali kwindawo yokuqala ebalulekileyo kuba wahlala kwiinkulungwane phantse emibini enesiqingatha. Tatar-Mongol lihlaselwe ngenkulungwane ye-13, xa kanye ekuqaleni. Kwaliwa yokuqala phakathi Russian kunye Mongols lwaqhutywa ngo-1223 kwi emlanjeni Kalka. Kule mpi umkhosi Russian olwaludiliziwe ngokupheleleyo emathafeni abantu, abathetheli ezintandathu Russian ebengekaweli edabini.

Ukongamela wenye inkolo nenkcubeko ixesha elide ushiye uphawu ebonakalayo hayi kuphela kwimbali weRashiya, kodwa ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso yayo phambili zembali. Ntoni na ngaloo maxesha endala karhulumente Russian? Njani kwenzeka ukuba iindawo ezinkulu phantsi ukongamela kwalowo nangezinto Mongols? Ababhali-mbali baye ngokuphindaphindiweyo babuyela ukufunda nalo mba kwaye eziqhitsini bavumelane into enye: ukuthingaza oozilawuli ezikhoyo ngoko enkulu bayamanyana zibe kwimo enye eyomeleleyo wavumela ukuba ube lixhoba lula ukuba armada loonothwal. Tatar-Mongol ukuhlasela, ngaphandle kokufumana nokumelana eyiyo, likwazile ukufaka indawo enkulu Russia.

Amakhulu izixeko Russian ngoko baba malunga nama-20-30 amawaka abemi. Ngelo nasekuxinweni kokuba inike ukuya ku amawaka 10 abavikeli abaxhobileyo. Cities ngokubanzi injalo ngokwakho, yedwa ngabahlaseli, ezihambayo amajoni, uniko manani amawaka 60-70, ngokulula ngeentsuku nje ezimbalwa kuzo ngokubeka lonke odolo zazo.

Lwethathari ukuwubona ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwakhokelela ekubeni kwi kummandla Russia omnye umyalelo yasekwa. Umzekelo, iinkosana Russian rhoqo waya imbeko loo mkhosi mkhulu kunene, washiya apho abantwana bakhe nabafo abazizibambiso. I Khans anikwa iinkosana iilebhile ezizodwa, nto leyo ethetha ukucaza ekunene ukuya ulawulo, esebenze kude kube kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIV. Ukongeza, ezi khans awanyanzele iinkosana Russian-odolo zazo lokuqala ukuthumela amadoda kakhulu amadabi nemikhankaso. abalawuli Russian ngelo xesha nje akhonze ye-Golden mkhosi.

Kule minyaka ingama-50 yenkulungwane XIII i-Tatar-Mongol ngokuhlaselwa Russia ngokuvumelana ubungqina mbali negalelo ekuchithweni noqoqosho lweli lizwe. Bala uba inkqubo elungileyo ukuqokelela irhafu, baqokelela abarhwebi yakhe ekhethekileyo Muslim, ababebizwa ngokuba "Besermen". Ke ngoyena mntu unelungelo rhafu umlawuli - i Mongol khan. Ngelo xesha, kwakukho abangaphezu kwe-14 iintlobo ezahlukeneyo irhafu. Tatar-Mongol malinge ebalasele inkalo umdla, olu sapho lwaluquka kukuba kuphela abefundisi ekhululekile irhafu.

Ngo-1262 abantu Russian bavukela bawagqogqa nabaqokeleli kweli xesha, kwabakho ukwahlukana omkhulu Golden anayo kwaye of the Empire Mongol. Abalawuli ye Golden anayo e Rus yamandulo ebizwa ngokuba "ookumkani", njengoko eseByzantium.

I Mongol ngokuhlaselwa Russia, kunye neziphumo zayo ziya kuba iinkulungwane ezininzi ngakumbi ukuba bahlole izazinzulu, mbali, kodwa akukho nokuba yintoni na ezicatshulwe iingxoxo, kukwenziwa amakhoboka uhlanga omnye komnye, nokubekwa ngokucinezela inkolelo, inkcubeko kunye namasiko abazange kuzuza nkqu bengatshatanga kwimbali. Ukungeniswa omnye uhlanga ngomnye usoloko Ngulotshangazisa imbuqo nokudodobala koqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngokutsho kwabanye ababhali-mbali, mhlawumbi kule ayikho uphuhliso phezulu lwezoqoqosho Russia kuthelekiswa kamva kumazwe ngempumelelo ngakumbi i-West kunye. Ngethuba lokufakwa of Russia oko kwi zinga eliphezulu zophuhliso ngokoMthetho lwezentlalo noqoqosho ngaphezu Mongol-AmaTatar, ngoko ke iminyaka kubukhoboka waba kuye inyathelo omkhulu ngasemva. Kukho ubungqina ukuba lixesha lokuba ayeke uphuhliso yezandla nobunzima kakhulu, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo nomthelela ekuncipheni. Cities of Russia zatshatyalaliswa, kunye nabantu abatsha baye ukuba kwakhiwe kakhulu inciphise inani labemi beli lizwe, kwaye kwezinye ngemizi, nemizana ngemizana, ubomi azalwe kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi.

Abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba Mongol ngalo ukuba eRashiya kunye nefuthe layo abachaphazelekayo kwiinkulungwane ezininzi kuphuhliso kwilizwe lethu, apho kwaphuma kuphela phantsi kwemithwalo, ngokuthe ngcembe waqalisa kwakhona nokuqinisa. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ngeli xesha wabeka isiseko sekamva yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Loo ubunzima ibize ndaweninye okokugqibela abantu Russian kunye negalelo ekwakheni iziseko sakha ilizwe elimanyeneyo elizayo.