Ntlekele e Kazan: oonobangela, ukuhlaziya ingcali, ziqonde 'ibhokisi elimnyama "

Ngaloo mini, November 17, 2013, nto moya Kazan esaxela intlekele. Zonke iinkonzo ezweni ezisebenza ngokwesiqhelo zazilungiselela ukuba ukuthatha iBoeing-737, ekuqhubeni flight U9-363 ikwagqibezela indiza yakhe eMoscow. Kodwa isiphelo wawuthe ngenye indlela. Kwi 19 hr. imiz 23. ixesha eMoscow, usuka kwindawo engile ezibalulekileyo kuye, lo moya yaya evulekile. Le ntlekele kwabulawa amadoda angamashumi amahlanu ababekho ngelo xesha ebhodini.

Imibuzo enaningamkelanga wona impendulo

Indiza e Kazan Khomishoni yoPhando kufundwe iinkcukacha, equka abameli Interstate Aviation Committee, i-Federal Agency Air lezoThutho kunye namanye amasebe. Kwezi zinto ziye zaba bazi ngokucacileyo ukuba kwenzeke ntoni. NgoDisemba 2015 wabona nokukhululwa uxwebhu lwaseburhulumenteni ebesiqulunqwe yi kubo, othi "Ingxelo yokuGqibela".

Noko ke, iingcali kunye noluntu jikelele e Kazan intlekele yashiya imibuzo emininzi zange sifumane impendulo kolu xwebhu, kwaye apho kungekho lwazi ezithile njengokuba usazi, kukho amarhe neembono. Masizame ngokusekelwe izinto ezaziwayo ukuyilandelela le ntlekele lisibekele ngoNovemba ngokuhlwa ngo-2013 kwisikhululo senqwelo moya kwikomkhulu Tatarstan.

flight izofana

Ngaloo mini, waziqhekeza kude kwiyure 18. imiz 25. ukusuka moya Domodedovo International Airport, iBoeing-737 eya Kazan. On ibhodi, ngaphandle izisebenzi, phakathi zaba ngabaqhubi ezimbini nabalindi ezine moya, aba mane anesine. I sifuna ukunazisa ukuba kule ngozi e Kazan wathabatha ubomi nje ubuso ezimbalwa noko ezaziwayo-kakuhle, eziphaphazelayo lo moya. Phakathi kwabo - intloko Republican FSB isemoyeni, unyana umongameli Tatarstan I. Minnikhanov, edumileyo umdlali chess G. Rashitova, kwakunye nezalamane Itoliki yejelo TV "Russia-2" R. Skvortsova.

Sam airliner iinkonzo ngaloo mini moya 363, ixesha ukubona kakhulu ebomini bam. Yena kuqala wathabatha yesa esibhakabhakeni 1990, iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithathu yenkonzo, wasebenza kwiinkampani ngamazwe ezisixhenxe. Phambi kokuba i impahla Tatarstan, wakhonza kwi zoPhapho eBulgaria, Ireland, Brazil, Uganda kunye France. Ngamanye amaxesha umakad 'eyenzeka kwiimeko kakhulu. Xa wala kwisisu semoto, kunye nabaqhubi wambeka phezu "esiswini." Enye xesha kwakukho depressurization lwe ndlwana.

NGAPHAMBI kokuba umqhubi baphakamisa moya esibhakabhakeni

Xa kwiKomishoni Yophando yahlola ngokweenkcukacha kwimicimbi yobuqu ye pilot ran the moya ngaloo mini kakubi-lombutho, yathi ngokucacileyo ukungabi kwezakhono. Ukususela izinto tyala umphathi - Rustem Salikhov, akuba wasebenza moya 'Tatarstan "iminyaka engaphezu amabini, nangona kunjalo, xa eqeqesha-moya iBoeing-737 waba rookie.

Phambi kokuba wandizisa njenge Umatiloshe kunye noqeqesho kwenzeka kuphele ngayo ngexesha iziko loqeqesho. Abaphandi yabangela mvume Akuthandabuzeki elikhulu liziko, kwakunye semthethweni Salikhov mvume yorhwebo olulingwayo.

Lakhe neqabane - co-pilot V. Gutsul - akuba wasebenza kwinkampani iminyaka emihlanu, kuphela ngo-2011 wathabatha eqeqesha kwi iBoeing-737. Ngaphambili ke waba flight engineer, kwaye ngokunjalo ngqwayi, akazange abe namava olwaneleyo moya.

imeko kaxakeka engxamisekileyo ebhodini

Kazan Airport wadibana kuyo nqanawa buthathaka ikhephu imvula stratocumulus. Noko ke, ukubonakala ayikho kweekhilomitha ngaphantsi kwe ezilishumi, nto leyo evumela imo esweni olubonakalayo. Bepasa ngeli ngesantya / h elakhiwe eliqhelekileyo indlela 250 km kumgama omalunga neemitha ezingama-500 ukusuka ekuqaleni moya, umthetheli yazisa umhlaba okuvela imeko kaxakeka engxamisekileyo ebhodini. Ngokutsho kwakhe, indiza kwi "vneposadochnom" isikhundla, waqubuda kuyo ilungelo axis yendlela yeekhilomitha ezine.

Olu lwazi iyavumelana ngokupheleleyo moya isilawuli data ngokwesiseko ukufundwa. Le nkqubo yenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Kazan Airport iye ifakwe nenkqubo entsha isikhokelo moya ngekhompyutha kwi-axis moya, kwaye yaba isizathu ukulahlwa, wahlala ingacacanga. Mhlawumbi umkhombe sachithwa kwicala ibhudlwa olomeleleyo umoya.

Yenza iimeko wawufuna umnxeba kumjikelo wesibini. Esi kushenxa lwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ingubo, eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukunceda njengezelatha-ndlela ngowe kwiimeko zonxunguphalo, kwaye kukukhupha moya ngoncedo esiphezu ezinze emhlabeni kwi sikhundla lokuhlala. Ijika iye singaphunyezwa ngempumelelo, kodwa ekupheleni kwayo, kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba kukho kwingozi moya e Kazan.

obenziwe manual

Kwingxelo yayo I Interstate IKomiti Aviation waphawula ukuba xa eshiya-moya indiza kunye nolawulo kwimo yokusebenza ngesandla. Njengoko kuchaziwe yi pilot ngokwazo uqhelene abaphathi beBhodi iBoeing-737, kwesi sigqibo kuthetha ukuba ngexesha lokugqitywa Ukuguqulwa pilot yesibini wasibamba ivili lokuqhuba, ngaloo ndlela ikhubaze le yayizihambela, ebonisa kamatshini ukuphakama oyifunayo.

Njengoko sinokungqinelwa uphando olwenziwe yemoto e Kazan, ekuqalekeni yezenzo zawo ezichanekileyo ifaniswe ukuba lenze. Njengoko kubonisiwe kamva kokuhamba, atsalwa emva kwengozi le bhokisi elimnyama, le nqanawa wamshiya indlela ekufutshane ukuba le. enezinto zayo zadluliselwa indawo waza waqalisa kokwenyuka efunekayo ukuze baqhubeke kushenxa. Ngoko ngeli xesha kwabakho kokuwa esibulalayo, ungqubano olandelayo e Kazan ngo-2013.

Imposiso kunokwenzeka pilot

Ngokucacileyo, ngenxa yempazamo pilot moya impumlo safika kakhulu kwaye ode waya kufikelela kwi engile ezibalulekileyo iBoeing-737 kwi °-25. Waqalisa ugwencele, kodwa ekhomba kumatshini ukuvelisa ukumelana ngamandla ukungena komoya ozayo, nto leyo ikhokelele yokuhla kwesantya ku 278 km / h kuyo 231 km / h.

Xa phambili, kuyimfuneko ukuba bathi oko kukuthi, ngokutsho iingcali, ngawo lo mzuzu sele iwupasisile esibulalayo ingongoma endingayi kubuya ngawo. Ukulahlekelwa isantya, lo moya waya "asesitalini", bunikwe ukuthi indawo wawuluLwandle mzuzu yayincinane kakhulu ukuba Imveliso esuka kwincopho - 700 eemitha, ukumsindisa Yayingekho.

Bathatha inyathelo ukunciphisa engile kusatyiwe, ngesandla, kusetyenziswa amathuba lwemihlathi steering, ndiye ndazama ukuba inqanawa ibe indlela unciphiso. Kodwa emva kokulahlekelwa ngesantya kuyimfuneko, lo moya waqalisa ingaphezu ngokukhawuleza incopho amabombo emhlabeni, ihamba kwi-engile 70 °. Oku kwehla yaqhubeka imizuzwana malunga amabini, emva koko ngesantya-450 km / ngeyure phantse nkqo lingena evulekile.

Imizuzu yokuqala emva kokuwa

Isandi dubulo omkhulu laviwa iikhilomitha eziliqela kude. On neenkonzo zikaxakeka umlilo yale elandelayo Airport wayesebenza kude kuse. Kuphela xa kucime ngokupheleleyo ngomlilo, umsebenzi waqalisa abameli ngabasemagunyeni uphando. Yintoni ebabona yayihlasela athuke kakhulu. Ngexesha ngozi nesantya iphezulu kangangokuba akukho namnye abantu kwi-moya akukho ithuba yokusinda. Ntlekele e Kazan wajika umatshini multi-ton kwi ingqushu shapeless saa kumgama kakhulu. Mixed amaqhosha iskroshennye ibuthuma of fuselage, izihlalo, imithwalo kunye imizimba yabantu ...

Abantu ababekhwele apho bababamba abo kule imihla ukuya kwisikhululo ukuze abahlobo nezalamane zabo. Kwimizuzu yokuqala, akukho namnye kubo into abakholelwa leyinene oko kwenzekayo. Kuba inkoliso ithemba lokugqibela yaba kungenzeka ukuba imposiso yenzekile kuluhlu umkhweli, kunye neentsapho zabo wayengekho ebhodini. lonke eli lizwe uyahambisana nabo baphulukene izalamane kunye nabahlobo babo. Ngaloo mihla, kumajelo eendaba Russian angaphandle abaninzi aba elithi "ntlekele" kakhulu repeatable, "Kazan ',' i kwendiza".

Ukuze credit abaqhubi beeteksi Ndimele ndivume ukuba lo ngokuhlwa abazange baziphakamise zokukhwela, uthathe ithuba. Ngaphezu koko, izibuko axhonywe phambi iimoto zabo ipleyiti kunye nombhalo: "Ukuze isixeko simahla," yaye wamgxotha ke nabani na ngokukhawuleza kwakufuneka ukufika Kazan - ngesihelegu Novemba 17 Abantu emanyeneyo. Kulo mba, andifuni ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba baziphathe ngayo oogxa babo eMoscow ngo-2014, xa kwenzeke ingozi kwi metro eMoscow.

Ukuqala zophando

Omnye wemisebenzi ebalulekileyo amagunya uphando babefuna "iibhokisi black" - oluzenzekelayo kokuhamba, leyo ziqulathe ukubhabha zonke iparameters ekwavunyelwana yabaqhubi phambi kokuwa e Kazan. Kungekudala phakathi doti-moya wakwazi ukufumana irekhoda parametric, owamisa yonke izixhobo zomsebenzi kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki.

Waye kwi imeko eyonakeleyo, kodwa nangona kunjalo umdla omkhulu uphando. It indulumbane eMoscow, apho ekufundeni lwe data bayo iingcali ze-Interstate Committee Aviation. iintlungu Great ukufumana rekhoda ilizwi uze uve amazwi ye pilot ukuba imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe.

Kuyamangalisa ukuba kamva zonke thethwano abaqhubi aba yoluntu. Uninzi lwabo phantsi ngesigqibo seKomiti wahlala lushicilelwe. Oku ngoko nangoko yabangela intelekelelo yokuba mhlawumbi-moya ngexesha le ngozi omnye VIP-abantu eziphaphazelayo lo moya, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kukho urhano - ungamkhonzanga ukuba izenzo zakhe engenasizathu unobangela yonxunguphalo. Libali eqhelekileyo - isiphumo cwaka na uqikelelo.

Iziphumo ziqonde "iibhokisi abamnyama"

Kwakulindelwe "iibhokisi abamnyama", iziphumo egcinwe khowudi yasiwa kumbhalo data motivations yokurekhoda iikhamera zasekhaya moya esweni. Ambamba yokugcina enqanaweni. izibane zakhe uphawu isikhundla kunye Nemingxuma yonke ubungqina walatha into yokuba ngexesha le ntlekele, waba phantse kwindawo othe nkqo. Uphando ukuze ufumanise izizathu leyo Bamqumbisa ukuba enze njalo. Impendulo yalo mbuzo angakunika kuphela kokuhamba.

Kwiintsuku ezimbini ukusuka eMoscow wafumana iziphumo zokuqala. Noko ke, ziqonde 'ibhokisi elimnyama ", neempendulo kwimibuzo ebuzwa imibuzo, wazala ezintsha. Idatha parametric yabonisa ukuba crew, ukwenza indlela, kwanyanzeleka ukuba baye kumjikelo wesibini, kodwa yintoni izizathu kuthintele ukuba wenze esi senzo ukususela kwixesha lokuqala, wahlala ingacacanga. Kuba pilot Kazan moya indawo yengqesho yabo ngokusisigxina kwaye, kakade, uye wafundela ngokupheleleyo. Kwenzeka ntoni eli xesha?

Oku zidida yaba ulwazi kubonisiwe epheleleyo crew yokungasebenzi omabini ngexesha kokwenyuka ezinkulu yaphela yingozi rate ilahleko moya, kwaye ngexesha yehle yakhe, hayi kanye mandithi, ukuwa phantse nkqo, eyathatha imizuzwana mabini.

Impendulo yalo mbuzo alinikwa nokuba isifundo eneenkcukacha amakhadi zempilo kunye nabaqhubi kudlule iziphumo zabo zovavanyo nasengqondweni. Enoba kwakuyintoni na, oogqirha bathi ukuziphatha njalo kakuhle kulo lonke ixesha kwincopho ezibulalayo, eyathatha, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, imizuzwana mabini, okanye kungaba kwindawo yokothuka lawuleki, okanye ukuba ngalala ngokupheleleyo.

Nokusayinwa ingxelo yokugqibela kwiKhomishoni yoPhando

Ekubeni ekufundeni ka 'ibhokisi elimnyama, "yaye akazange ukuphendula umbuzo malunga ezibangela yobubi kwabangela ukufa inani elikhulu labantu iingcali iBoeing Corporation baba nenxaxheba, benza kuphuhliso lo moya. Beza ziyabanceda abantu French abameli nomvelisi iinjini, apho baxhotyiswa iinqanawa kule modeli.

Senziwe ikomitana ubani de ngoSeptemba 16, 2014 ngazwi wanika kwisigqibo sokuba ngexesha lo moya ngozi zikwimeko elungileyo. Iimpawu technology ukusilela yezokubhabha ayikwazanga ukufumana naziphi na iirekhodi iindlela zolawulo njongo, okt maza okanye ngamaqhekeza Abasindileyo izakhi amabandla airliner lungqubene.

Ngo-Epreli 2015 onke amalungu ikhomishini yophando wabeka utyikityo phantsi ingxelo uyilo lokugqibela. Qaphela Olu xwebhu ayibangelwa nabani na, kuquka ummeli olusemthethweni "Aviation Russian". Kuye kwagqitywa kunye nabameli onke amazwe inxaxheba kumsebenzi wale khomishini. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho: Melika, France, Great Britain ne Bermuda.

I oveza uluvo mmeli "Aviation Russian"

Kodwa emva kweenyanga ezimbini kule ukuhlangabezana iimbono yaphukile. Isayinwe uxwebhu ngokungalindelekanga wemka, ummeli "of Aviation Russian". Ngenxa yezizathu ayicacanga kwamanye amalungu myalelo, i-arhente wabuyela uguqulelo oludala izizathu zokuba kutheni kwenzeke ingozi e Kazan - ezizezi inkqubo yolawulo bekwilift nokwala. isikhundla sabo ayikwazanga bachaza, njengoko kusenziwa ihlabathi ubonisa ukusebenza engenasiphoso kwezi zinto, kwaye iye yasilela ekubeni ityala enye yokusilela kwabo.

Le ingxelo zabo zibe nemiphumela engalindelekanga. Iinkokeli Interstate Committee Aviation wakhupha umyalelo ngokwendlela apho kwilizwe lonke ukuba ukuxhoma ukusebenza-moya iBoeing-737 kraca. Noko ke, "i-Arhente Federal Air Transport 'waza wabonisa obstinacy - nje ngoyaba imiyalelo lombutho oluneqela elinegunya, neenqanawa baqhubeka ukubhabha le modeli, ngokungathi akuzange kwenzeke nto.

Iingxaki kulwenziwo amaqembu moya

Ngalo lonke ixesha uphando entsimini umbono we-ofisi yomtshutshisi yaba CEO ye-moya "Tatarstan" Vladimir Portnov. On yalala uxanduva ngenxa yokuba yena, ukuba abe ngumlawuli moya, izinikele kulawulo yayo umphathi umkhweli airliner Rustem Salikhov, owathi, ngokutsho uphando, akukho sizathu esivakalayo. NgoNovemba ka-2015 kunye Vladimir Portnov waba phantsi endlini.

Ntlekele (737) Kazan kunyanzeliswa ukuba mawuhlawule ingqalelo kwinqanaba iyonke nokuqeqesha abasebenzi moya. Ndafumanisa ukuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa iingxaki zemali ezifunyanwa i "Tatarstan", akuzange kube lula ukuthumela imali eyaneleyo ukuze agcine umgangatho lobungcali abaqhubi. Hi ndlela leyi, ingxaki efanayo ejongene abaninzi abathwali umoya amazwe. Ngokwe ngxelo kumajelo eendaba yaseYurophu, inani leenkampani wavuma ukuba ngenxa yezithintelo zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kwanyanzeleka ukuba sinciphise iiyure zoqeqesho pilot.

Ingongoma kulo mzekelo wazala kwiveki phambi entsha, 2016, xa Interstate iKomiti Aviation ekhuphe inguqulelo yokugqibela okubhaliweyo kweziphumo zophando. Ntlekele e Kazan, oonobangela apho echazwe kuxwebhu, ngokutsho ababhali yayo, ibe sisiphumo zombini asilotyala lobugcisa bala moya, oko wathi ummeli ephikisayo "of Aviation Russian" kunye nokungabikho zoqeqesho lobungcali abaqhubi.

Iintlawulo ze-inshorensi kwiintsapho abafelweyo

Ukungqinelana nomthetho-moya, inani labasebenzi bonke abakhweli ababekhwele zaye-inshorensi. Ngenxa yoko, kwenzeke ingozi inkampani yeinshorensi wenza iintlawulo ahambelanayo zaye. Kwezi, million 580 engange-moya kunye engange-100 000 ukufa ilungu ngalinye enqanaweni. Iintsapho abakhweli loo moya, yaye abantu mane anesine zifumene kwinkampani ye-inshorensi ukuba million 2,025 engange.

Iintlawulo Lilonke yaba US $ 9.5 million. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ezi mali ngaphantsi abo babeza kufumana kwizalamane abafileyo amalungu enqanaweni kunye nezalamane kwezinye kubo wabhengeza injongo yazo ukufaka isimangalo nxamnye moya "Tatarstan" ngenxa iintlawulo-inshorensi ephantsi. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kwizalamane abakhweli lowo ukubhabha yaba yokugqibela ebomini bakhe. Baye bafumana khona imali phantsi ngokucacileyo.

Statistics, zokukhumbuza

Ukushwankathela konke oku kungasentla, kuyimfuneko ukuba libhekisela ngeengxaki ezifunyanwa ngulo zoPhapho Russian jikelele, kubonisa leyo kule ngozi e Kazan. Pilot nezinye izinto ezithwala lomoya yasekhaya, nto leyo kweli lizwe lethu kukho malunga mnye, anamanci mabini anababini, zibe kwindawo enye ngohlobo olufanayo ukusuka 'Tatarstan ". Eliphezulu kunye nokhuseleko abakhweli zixhomekeke ngezimali kwenkqubo yemfundo, kwaye umda nkampani kunzima kakhulu ukulawula.

Iinkcukacha-manani ze iingozi eziye zenzeka kwi-moya yoluntu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, akuthethi ukongeza nethemba. Ngokutsho iingxelo, eRashiya oluhlasela i-15% ekhulwini bonke babulawa iingozi umoya ehlabathini jikelele. Ukuba sicinga ukuba umkhweli yezithuthi Russian akhawunti ye% 2.8 kuphela ihlabathi, oko lo inani lamathole kuphakamisa imibuzo malunga umgangatho nokhuseleko moya. Phakathi ngokwesakhelo iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kufuneka kubonwe kunye neengozi e Tatarstan, apho kwakukho abaninzi kwimbali zoPhapho zasekhaya.