"Ubomi bukaMonsieur de Moliere": inomxholo kaMikhail Bulgakov

"Ubomi bukaMonsieur de Moliere" yincwadi kaMikhail Bulgakov, eyapapashwa kuphela emva kokufa kombhali. Abagxeki (abahlala ngexesha lolobi) baxabisa i talente yengqondo, kodwa ulwazi lwembali kumsebenzi, ngokombono wabo, lukhutshwe kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ubomi nothando lukaMonsieur de Moliere - umqhubi omkhulu ongumFrentshi - waba ngumxholo ongeyonto ebantwini beSoviet.

Incwadi kaBulgakov yashicilelwa kwiminyaka engamashumi ama-60 ngenxa yonyango lomhlolokazi womlobi. Kufuneka kuthethwe ukuba akukho ziphumo zezinto ezimbi zelizwe laseSoviet kulo msebenzi. Incwadana yayingashicilelwa ngexesha lobomi bukaMikhail Afanasievich kuphela ngenxa yokuba yayingekho isikhundla seMarxist. Yiyiphi incwadi ethi "Life of Monsieur de Moliere"? Isishwankathelo sezahluko ngamnye zomsebenzi sichazwe kwinqaku.

Ukubonakala kokukhanya

Ubomi bukaMonsieur de Moliere, uMikhail Bulakov, bubekwe kumhla xa i-comediographer enkulu yazalwa. Umbhali uxoxa ngokuzalwa komnye wezakhono eziza kweli hlabathi kanye ngeenkulungwane eziliqela.

Indalo kaMoere iya kuguqulela kuzo zonke iilwimi zehlabathi. Uya ku xeliswa. Ngaye uya kubhala iincwadi, ukudala imidlalo. Kodwa ngoxa yena engumntwana ongenakwenzeka, unyana wenkundla yenkundla. Ngoko umlobi waseRussia wakhuluma malunga nokuzalwa komsunguli we-comedy.

Indlu yabazali

UBawo wabiza uJean-Baptiste Poklen. Wahlala endlwini enkulu, eyayisentliziyweni yaseParis, kufuphi neBridge Bridge. Kwakukho amahemuhemu ukuba i-upholsterer yayimangalisa kakhulu kwaye ibole imali ngenzala enkulu. Ngoko okanye kungenjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo awaziwa. Kodwa xa unyana wakhe waba ngumdlalo owaziwayo, wayedlala umdlalo ngo-Arpagon onamahloni. Kukho inkolelo yokuba umboniso weli qhawe kwakungekho enye ngaphandle koyise we-comedian.

Uthando lwezemidlalo

Ubomi bukaMonsieur de Moliere bebuhlungu ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kokuqala, okwenzeke ngexesha lesantya. Kwiminyaka awayeyaziwayo phakathi kwamaParisi njengoJean-Baptiste Poquelin, uJr., unina wafa ngokungalindelekanga. Ubaba akazange alangazelele kwaye kungekudala watshata ngesibini.

Ixesha lokuqala kwi -biography ye-Moliere ayibonakali kakhulu. Umculi wexesha elizayo uphumelele kwisikolo saseparishi, apho wafunda khona isiseko se-arithmetic nesiLatini. Emva koko kwafuneka amelane necala likayise, ukuze kamva anike lona unyana wakhe. Kodwa isigwebo sichazwe ngenye indlela.

Ngesinye indlu endlwini kaPoplen kwavela umntu uKresse. Le ndoda ehloniphekileyo yayinentendelezo-ekulindeni umkhwe wakhe omtsha. UMoere ngokwakhe ufana nomqondo. Inyaniso kukuba yile ndoda ekhulele umenzi wephepha lodonga kunye nothando lwakhe lwetheyetha. Kwaye xa uKresse ebenemini yamahhala, wathabatha isandla somntakane wakhe kwaye beya ejongeni, apho abadlali beentlekele, ama-comedies kunye ne-farce.

Umsebenzi olahlekileyo

Kufanelekile ukuthetha ukuba abadlali ngabantu abaye bavuya kuphela kwiminyaka eyi-100-200 yokugqibela. Kwimihla yakudala, kwakungekho nantlukwano ebantwini kuluntu kunokunyaniseka. UMikhail Bulgakov akazange akhumbule oku kwincwadi yakhe. "Ubomi bukaMonsieur de Moliere," isishwankathelo esichazwe kweli nqaku, ngumsebenzi ozinikele kwixesha elibi. UJean-Baptiste Poklen wayechasene nomnqweno kayise. Washiya umsebenzi ohloniphekileyo we-upholsterer enkundleni yasebukhosini waza wahambela kwisigaba. Akufuneki ukuthetha, uyise akazange avume ukuba umnqweno unqwenele? Kodwa, maye, akusiwo wonke umntu ofuna ukuba yi-upholsterer.

ELyceum

Kwiminyaka emininzi umculi ozayo wasebenzisa iLyceum yaseLouis the Great. Wenqaba ngokucacileyo ukuba asebenze kwivenkile, waza uyise wamthuma ukuba afunde. Ulwazi, uJean-Baptiste Poklen, uJr., wayenqwenela ukungafuni. Ngoko ke, imini nobusuku bafunda iimbhalo zabalobi baseGrike nabaseRoma. Ukusuka eendongeni zaseLyceum, unyana we-upholsterer waphuma indoda efundile kakhulu. Unokuba ngummeli. Nangona kunjalo, iphupha le-midlalo ayimshiyanga.

I-opal comediographer

"Ubomi bukaMonsieur de Moliere" ngumsebenzi wembali uMikhail Bulgakov wanikela ngayo i-biography ye-comedian eyaziwayo kunye nehlazo eliqhelekileyo. Akukho nto yezopolitiko okanye nayiphi na enye into, njengoko sele ikhankanywe, kwincwadi. Kodwa kuyo, kunye nexhala, kukho intlekele. Umbhali wemidlalo, eyiminyaka engamakhulu amathathu ebeka kwiingingqi emhlabeni jikelele, ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe yedwa kwaye ayengacaciswanga ngabani na.

Ubomi bukaMoliere bekho bobabini kunye nokuhla. Imisebenzi yakhe yayidunyiswa kwaye ingavunyelwe. Kwiinyanga eziliqela umbhali wee-comedies ezingapheli esichithwa entolongweni. Mhlawumbi isihloko uBulgakov azinikezele kwincwadi ethi "Ubomi bukaMonsieur de Moliere" yayisondele kakhulu kumbhali. Emva koko, umlobi waseRussia, kunye nomfanekiso wesiFrentshi, wayengabonakali ngabantu bakhe.

Criticism

Wonke umntu oqhelana nomsebenzi kunye nomxholo we-Mikhail Bulgakov uyazi ukuba ngabaphi ababhali abavelele eMoscow badlala ebomini bakhe. Ngokukodwa, abagxekayo, ababini ababa ngama-prototype aseLatunsky kunye noLavrovich abavela kwi-"Master ..." engenakufa. Kwimvanoveli kaMoere kukho isahluko esithetha ngaso ngesinye isibetho, esinesihloko esithi "Hypochondriac". Umlobi walo msebenzi wongqungquthela wanikezela ubomi bomculi waseFransi. Ngaloo nto wawadukisa ulwazi oluvela kwi-biography kaMoere, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu - wagxeka yonke imisebenzi yakhe. Umculi akazange aphendule umxhaphazi wakhe. Kodwa isilumkiso sasinomphumo ogxininisayo kuye. Okumangalisayo kukuba, kwincwadi, ethi iBulgakov idlulisele kuMoere, kukho into ethile.

UMoere wangcwatywa ngaphandle kweendumiso. Wayengumntu, ngoko ke, indawo yakhe emva kokufa - ngaphaya kocingo lwamangcwaba. Bamngcwaba ebusuku. Ngomngcwabo omncinci wokungcwaba, ke, unokubona abantu abadumileyo: Lafontaine, Boileau. Kwaye omnye umfazi, edlulayo, efuna ukungazi lutho, wabuza: "Ngubani na ongcwatywayo?" Omunye waphendula wathi: "Abanye uMoere ..."