Reichstag - wePalamente German, kwaye inkumbulo yethu

Ukuze abantu bethu Igama elithi "Reichstag"? Le esibhakabhakeni ngumsi, ukubhonga "Katyusha" indudumo yemisebenzi nemipu, kwaye sibalekela amajoni ebanzi izinyuko bethwele umlilo iflegi obomvu. Le ndawo zazingeniswa abalawuli imifanekiso bhanya malunga amaxesha imfazwe amaninzi. Ngokuba konke ukukhanya abaninzi kubo, lo mbono lo mfanekiso, abaqhubi ezibalaseleyo kunye nobuchule abadlali, ezi iziqephu nangoku enasilela ngayo ezichazayo yemihla documentary okukule ezimnyama-mhlophe 1945.

Reichstag emva kwemfazwe

Emva kwemfazwe, ziyahlelwa wesakhiwo onobungangamsha kwaba buhlungu. elide Kuye wema ezidilikileyo, engenayo amajukujuku, apho amajoni eSoviet ukucwangcisa iflegi eliphumelelayo. Reichstag, mhlawumbi namhlanje akukho namnye unako ukubona, ukuba isisombululo yokubuyiselwa, wamkelwe yiPalamente waseJamani. Kwafuneka ukuba ubambe zimvo, kwakukho ezintathu. iminyaka elithoba emva kokuba ngoloyiso amanxuwa angunaphakade wesakhiwo yagqiba ukuqhushumba, nangona iingxoxo zakhe isiphelo nababekhohlakele. Abaxhasi ekutshatyalalisweni lesikhumbuzo ukuya nakubugcisa German yasebukhosini ngokukodwa wagxininisa into yokuba lu dityanisiwe elidlulileyo lwamaNazi, lo gama iqela zabo wala, becaphula njengoko ukuxambulisana kakuhle eyaziwa ngempela ukuba Adolf Hitler zange wathetha kwi rostrum yasepalamente. Ngelo xesha onke amasekela, ngokucacileyo okanye ngokukweka, lo ingcaphukiso weflegi Soviet phezu Reichstag, okanye mandithi iinkumbulo ngaye. Le ngokoyiswa kwilizwe labo, enoba oko ngokwembali njengokwamkelekileyo ubhalo, loo kungemnandi.

Akuzange kube gqira. Umbhali-ntetho ngeprojekthi ukuvuselela urhulumente waseJamani waba uphawu Paul Baumgarten, yaye waqhubeka kwimeko iNorman Foster.

History of indalo

Germany - urhulumente oselula, Yiminyaka ngaphantsi kakhulu nkqu eUnited States, bangabi sakhunjulwa eRussia. Ngenxa lizwe linye, iye khona kusukela 1871. imbali ngokulinganayo elifutshane lwentando yaseJamani: IPalamente waqalisa ukusebenza ngo-1884, ngethuba lolawulo Bismarck. Ngexesha ukubunjwa eziqokelelwe amaphondo ngamnye nazilawuli kweli lizwe kwakukho i ingcamango ukuthatha etyeni uhlanga olukhulu elizayo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ukhuphiswano kuyilo iphumelele yi womzobi ekuqaleni Russia, kodwa ukuphunyezwa lwalo waphila, ngenxa yesi sizathu, kukhethwa amaJamani ukuze uPawulos Wallot, National. kwavela Ulibaziseko ngenxa Count zingqondweni Radzinsky, abangazange abanqwenela ukuba ahlukane ilizwe, wafumana njengesipho esivela kumkani. Unyana wakhe zange kwahluka tractability, wayesuke imigaqo uyise emva kwexesha, kodwa ngo 1882 yena wayekwazi ukubonisa ukuba Reichstag - ngumbandela ngokubaluleka zesizwe, kunye nesayithi kusafuneka ukuba athengise. Ilitye yokuqala esabekwa Wilhelm I. Bakha isakhiwo engayiwayo leminyaka.

umlilo

Uninzi iziganeko ishukumisa ihlabathi, kodwa iMfazwe Yehlabathi, eyaqala ngo-1914, ngaphezu kwabo. Iziphumo ze eJamani, oko bazisa kakhulu okungamanyala, nezidubedube eli lizwe yaqala. Impembelelo ye-German ngamaKomanisi kwi imeko yezopolitiko kule yamashumi ekuqaleni elishumi ezayo bakhula.

Adolf Hitler, wamkela isithuba yingqonyela buthathaka izandla Hindenburg ixhego, atyhwatyhwe yi Left. Noko yi ingqumbo likumgangatho ophantsi, savelelwa Reichstag - Yena Yayicombulula ingxaki nje. Yaba umlilo, ityala elo kwabalelwa kunye iyelenqe ezine, amaJamani ezintathu umDatshi mnye, amaKomanisi. Esi sakhiwo yatshiswa, izakhiwo zayo umthwalo-zithwele zonakala kakhulu. Kwakuyeyona amaNazi babesenza ukutshisa, kodwa lokuzithethelela akukho namnye waphulaphula, urhulumente omtsha wenze kweli lizwe.

ukubuyiselwa elipheleleyo le lesikhumbuzo bokwakha ukuya uHitler wagqiba kwelokuba uyiyeke. amacebo akhe akazange iquka nokomeleza intando, apho yenethiwekhi ibe indibano wesizwe, kwaye ke intsingiselo yegama elithi "Reichstag".

Indawo for nemityikityo

izimpi ngexesha aphume of Berlin phantse wawugqiba intshabalalo, waqala ngo-1933. Ngomhla emanxuweni sakhiwo, neendonga nemihlathi amajoni Soviet wenza imibhalo ezininzi zokubhiyizela ukuphawula ekulweni indlela (ngamanye amaxesha ukusuka eMoscow kunye iVolga). Asiyiyo yonke nemityikityo abalinganiswa ukuba ipapashwe ngenxa isiqulatho lungelelanisa kwezinye namhlanje, kodwa Red Army phina ngetshokhwe eliye ikuphekwa iphekwe kwi ishawa. Ukuze credit koogunyaziwe German, inkoliso oonobumba 1945 nangoku ugcinwe njenge sikhumbuzo umvambo wemfazwe. Kwakukho isindululo ukugcina izinto njengoko zinjalo, ukuze lakheke mva.

I Reichstag ke ngokutsha izihlandlo ezine. Ukususela ngo-1972, uye wasebenza Institute of History German, Uphahla tyaba, ubungangamsha zooyise ngohlobo olutshitshileyo. Ubomi entsha kwaqala ngo-1992, emva kokuba ngokuhlanganisa baseMpuma kunye nezahlulo yaseNtshona yezwe esanda enobunye. Ngoku Reichstag - indawo apho imiba zezopolitiko isonjululwe, zezona iingxoxo, imithetho karhulumente amkelwa. Emva koko ke, wabuya isithsaba kunye amajukujuku, leyo lumele abantu German. kuye kwathi umyili wayo yaseBritani Norman Foster.

Reichstag nobuciko owayephila

Abemi Germany mihla, lifundileyo isithethe yaseYurophu wedemokhrasi, ungazibethi imibuzo malunga ngokufaneleka zingenzeka, njengoko zimelwe yi-American Hristo Yavoshevym, ngasizathu sithile, ngowe-1995, sijike Reichstag ezinepolypropylene film yesilivere. Ezintlanu kwezigidi eBerlin kunye neendwendwe wajonga emehlweni, ukubonisa imvakalelo ethile bamangaliswa kuphela kuzanywa Polymer ubunzima (60 m) kunye indawo umphezulu (100 amawaka. Meter).

Kodwa khona omtsha kwiPalamente ukwakha omnye icandelo bodonga, ebe amalinge isibindi musa ukwenza nkqu artists ezininzi ezinenkqubela-nye. Oku kunokubonwa phantsi umaleko ngaphaya le mibhalo ezifanayo amajoni-abaphumeleleyo. Bona, nangona impikiso eninzi, wasigcina Foster, reconstructor lokugqibela Reichstag, oku kwenzeleni ukundikhumbula kweMfazwe Enkulu.