Ubungakanani bempesheni e-US

Ngokuqinisekileyo wonk 'ubani ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva ucinga ngekamva labo. Kukholelwa ukuba amapenshoni e-US aphezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe. Ngaba kunjalo? Kule nqaku, unokufumana ulwazi olungakumbi malunga neepensheni e-United States of America.

Inkqubo yoluntu. Ulwazi oluqhelekileyo malunga nomthetho oyilwayo

Kunyaka ophelileyo, inkqubo yoluntu yaseUnited States yaseMerika yajika iminyaka engama-80 ubudala. Yilwayo yafunyanwa ngowe-1935. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba akazange aguqulwe. Namhlanje, le ntlawulo ibandakanya malunga nama-96% ebonke abantu. Wonke umntu waseMerika unokuqiniseka ukuba uya kufumana ipenshoni, nangona imeko yezoqoqosho kwilizwe kunye nokutshintshwa koorhulumente. Okumangalisa kukuba, ekuqaleni kwonyaka odlulileyo abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50 bafumana ukhuseleko loluntu . Ezi zibandakanya umhlalaphantsi, abantu abakhubazekile kunye nabanye abahlali.

Abaninzi banomdla kumbuzo wokuba umhlala-phantsi kangakanani kwi-US. Oku akukhawulezi, kuba bayawuhlawula kubahlali rhoqo kwaye bangalibali. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba abemi bezinye iindawo badla ngokufudukela eUnited States ukuhlala ngokusisigxina.

Inkqubo yokwenza ipensheni e-United States of America

Iinkqubo zempesheni yangasese kunye noluntu isebenza eUnited States of America. Kule nkalo, wonke ummi unokufumana iipenshoni ezimbini okanye ezintathu.

Imisebenzi yenkqubo yangasese ngexabiso lokugcina imali, kwaye inkqubo yombuso iqulunqwe ngenxa yeminikelo evela kumashishini kunye nabahlali. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kuphela abo bemi abanamava engama-30 abanokufumana inkokhelo yentlalo e-United States of America. Umyinge wepension e-United States ngowama-40% wemvuzo.

Ubudala bomhlala-phantsi e-USA

EUnited States of America, ubudala bokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kubemi abahlukeneyo buyahlukahluka kakhulu. Kuxhomekeke kunyaka wokuzalwa komnye okanye omnye ohlala kuyo. Ukuba ummi wazalwa ngowe-1937 okanye ngaphambili, ngoko unokufumana ukhuseleko loluntu emva kweminyaka engama-65. Abemi, abanokuzalwa kwabo ngonyaka ka-1955, banokufumana ipensheni kuphela ukusuka kwi-66 ubudala.

E-United States, iminyaka yobudala yokuthatha umhlalaphantsi kubafazi iminyaka engama-65, kunye namadoda - 67. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuba unqume ukufudukela e-United States of America ukuze usebenze apho kwaye uqhubeke ufumana inzuzo yoluntu, ngoko kufuneka ukwazi kwaye ukhumbule oku kulandelayo Ulwazi. Ukuba ufuna ukuhlala phantsi ngaphambi komhla wokugqibela, ubukhulu bayo buya kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukuba uqala ukufumana izibonelelo ezintathu kwiminyaka ngaphambili, ubukhulu bayo buya kuncitshiswa ngo-20%. Ukuba ummi akakaze asebenze, ke esikhundleni somhlala-phantsi, ufumana isibonelelo sombuso esisungulwe nguRhulumente. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngama-dollar angama-280. Phantse wonke umntu ukhangwa ngumhlala phantsi e-United States. Ubudala bemihlali abanokufumana izibonelelo kuxhomekeke kwindawo yomsebenzi kunye namava omsebenzi.

Umhlalaphantsi omncinci eMelika yaseMelika

Kukholelwa ukuba eUnited States of America - iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuthatha umhlalaphantsi. Bonke abemi bafumana ukhuseleko loluntu, kubandakanywa nalabo abangazange basebenze. Umyinge omncinci wase-US unama-dollar ayi-280-300. Ukuguqulelwa kwamaRuble aseRussia malunga namawaka ayi-18.

Kwimeko apho ummi unamava amancinci, umhlala-phantsi uza kuba ngama-dollar ayi-600. Kungenxa yesi sizathu sokuba iUnited States yaseMelika idla ngokukhetha abafuduki.

Umhlalaphantsi wezempi

Umhlalaphantsi wempi e-US ngowona ophezulu. I-bhili yokuqala yokuqala yokhuseleko loluntu lwangaphambili lwama-servicemen lamkelwa ngo-1861. Emva kwexesha, lo myalelo waguqulwa kwaye wongezwa.

Namhlanje, abasebenzi basemkhosini banokukhishwa ipenshini ye-US ubudala kuphela kwiimeko ezimbalwa-ngokuphathelele ukugula, ubudala, kwaye xa befikelela kwiminyaka efanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukhuseleko loluntu e-United States of America lithembele kwiintsapho zempi ezafa. Nangona kunjalo, kuphela abo basekuhlaleni abaye basebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwe-20 banokubheka umhlalaphantsi. Ukubala ubungakanani bomhlala-phantsi e-United States, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela umvuzo omkhulu wejoni iminyaka emithathu yomsebenzi oqhubekayo.

Ukuba ummi, oneminyaka engama-20 amava, akazange afake ukhuseleko loluntu, urhulumente unyakazela u-2.5% kumqeshwa ngomhlalaphantsi. Ukhuseleko loluntu kumsebenzi wemikhosi lungabuye lwenziwa ngokusemthethweni ngenxa yezizathu zempilo. Ukuba umqeshwa unamava angaphantsi kweminyaka eyisibhozo, kodwa akakwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngokubhekiselele kwisifo okanye ukulimala, umhlala-phantsi wezakhamuzi zase-US uya kuhlawulwa kuphela xa iingxaki zezempilo zivela emsebenzini. Kufuneka ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ubungakanani bomhlala-phantsi abukwazi ukudlula i-75% yomvuzo oyintloko womqeshwa. Ukongeza kwokhuseleko loluntu, abakwa-servicemen abashiya izizathu zempilo banelungelo lokufumana inzuzo. Abemi banokufumana imali kwizandla zabo, okanye bakhuphe xa behlawula irhafu.

Umgangatho wokuphila kwabantu abahlala kwi-US

Ngokutsho kwedatha yakutshanje, i-average life expectancy e-United States yiminyaka engama-78. Ukususela kwiminyaka engama-20, abantu bacinga ngekamva labo. Njengomthetho, abemi abaninzi bakhetha ukugcina imali kwiingxelo zemali yempesheni yangasese okanye izabelo zokuthenga kunye nezakhiwo.

Ipenshoni e-United States ivumela abahlali abayifumanayo ukuba bahambe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abemi abafumana ulondolozo loluntu banikezelwa inyathelo elibi. Baya kwidolophu okanye ilizwe lamaphupha abo. Kwezinye iindawo zokuhlala zikhona iingxaki ezipheleleyo kubantu abaphantsi kweempesheni abaye bathetha ukutshintsha ubomi babo. Kwintsimi yabo kukho idama lokubhukuda, igalofu, iibhilidi kunye nokunye okuninzi.

Uninzi lwezakhiwo ezidibanisa kunye namakhaya asebekhulile. Ahluke kakhulu. Kwiinkomfa zabantu abangaphezu kwama-55, nganye nganye kukho indawo ehlukeneyo. Kwintsimi yayo yonke iimeko zokufumana ubomi obonwabileyo nokungakhathali. Iipensheni eziphezulu eUnited States zibangelwa kukuba abaninzi bafumana inzuzo ye-inshorensi. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba ubungakanani bokhuseleko loluntu kuninzi lugqithise ubuncinci obuncinane.

Olunye uhlobo oluhle lweentlawulo ezivela kummandla wase-United States waseMelika kukuba le ntlawulo ibingatshintshi iminyaka emininzi. Wonke umhlalaphantsi angaqiniseka ukuba uya kufumana ulondolozo loluntu olufanelekileyo.

Imfundo kunye nomsebenzi

Abafuduki abaninzi kunye nabahlali kwamanye amazwe bathandwa kwiipenshoni e-United States. Ubukhulu beentlawulo zentlalo buphezulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abanempesheni bafumana umsebenzi omtsha okanye banqunywe ukufumana imfundo eyongezelelweyo. Sisiphi isizathu salokhu?

Abemi abaninzi baseUnited States banquma ukuba baqeqeshe kwaye bafumane enye idiploma emva kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi. Oku akuyona ingozi, kuba ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nobudala, umntu uyaqonda ukuba wakhetha umsebenzi ongalunganga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu bexesha lokuthatha umhlalaphantsi bakhetha i-cinema, upende kunye nomculo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo emva kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi, abemi banquma ukufumana umsebenzi. Kuyaziwa ukuba e-United States of America malunga ne-30% yabasebenzi bangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala.

Izimpesheni kunye neenzuzo

Abafuduki abaninzi banomdla kwiipenshoni e-United States. Isixa semali yentlalo kweli lizwe liphezulu kunamanye amazwe. Kukholelwa ukuba iipensheni eziphezulu e-United States ziye zazingumkhosi wamajoni, abasebenzi baseburhulumenteni kunye nabasebenzi be-airline.

Umvuzo wabasebenzi kwicandelo lobugcisa lilinganiselwa kuma-8,000, kwaye umhlalaphantsi uvela kwi-2-3,000. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eUnited States of America akukho zongezelelweyo iinzuzo kubemi basebekhulile. Oku akunjalo ngengozi, kuba into enjalo ihlawulelwa ngamanani aphantsi malunga nokutya kunye nokutya, kunye nokunikezelwa kokupapashwa kunye nokuthengisa.

Ukunciphisa iipenshini zempi

Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, uBarack Obama wasayina ibhaso-mthetho enika inkxaso yokunciphisa iipenshini zabasebenzi bempi. Lo myalelo uphinde usebenze kubantu abakhubazekileyo. Ngoku abaqeshwa basekuqaleni abaye bakhupha iintlawulo, bangafikeli kwiminyaka engama-62, baya kufumana i-1% ngaphantsi. Olu tshintsho lubonakala lungabalulekanga. Nangona kunjalo, uneminyaka eyi-10 yamava, uneminyaka engama-40 ulahlekelwa ngama-dollar ayi-50. Oku kungama-ruble ayizigidi ezi-3.

Eli bhili-mthetho lisebenza ukusebenza ngoMeyi kunyaka odlulileyo. Kuya kuvumela urhulumente ukuba alondoloze imali eninzi. Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba umyalelo onjalo uchaphazela iqela lentlalo elungileyo. Baqinisekile ukuba kuya kuba bhetele kakhulu ukwenza inkqubo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ukongezelela, olo tshintsho luye lwabangela ukuxhalaba ngabasebenzi bempesheni. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukhuseleko loluntu lwamaqhawe luthatha malunga nesiqingatha sebhajethi yokukhusela yase-United States of America.

Imirhumo yomhlalaphantsi wangaphandle

Abaninzi bayayazi ukuba yeyiphi ipensheni e-US, kwaye banqume ukufuduka apho. Kule nkalo, phantse wonke umntu uyakhathalela ngobukho bentela kwikhuseleko loluntu kwilizwe labo. Ngolunye ulwazi oluyimfuneko onokuyifumana kwinqaku lethu.

EUnited States of America, ukhuseleko loluntu oluvela kwelinye urhulumente lihlawulwa irhafu, njengawo nawuphi na umvuzo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba umgaqo-myalelo wokuhlawula irhafu unikezela uluhlu lwamazwe apho iUnited States iphantsi kwelungelo lokubuyisela. Ezi ziquka iRashiya Federation. Ngokwe-bill, abantu abavela eRashiya baya kufuneka bahlawule irhafu kwintsimi yabo yomthonyama. Injongo yaloo myalelo kukuphepha ukuhlawula kabini.

Zininzi iindlela zokufumana ukhuseleko loluntu e-US

Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba eUnited States of America ubomi obukhulu kunabo bonke abanomgangatho ophantsi okanye ophakamileyo wemvuzo. Ayikho imfihlakalo yokuba abaninzi abafudukayo, abanqwenela ukufumana ipensheni, baya kwiimilinganiselo ezigqithiseleyo. Indlela evelele kakhulu yokufumana ulondolozo loluntu e-US ngaphambi kwexesha kukudala ukuguga. Ukwenza oku, umfuduki uya kufuneka avume kwi-ofisi yepaspoti ngokungezelela iminyaka. Umhla kufuneka kwakhona utshintshwe kwisiqinisekiso sokuzalwa. Njengomthetho, eUnited States of America, amaxwebhu ayakhange ahlolwe, kodwa ekopishwa kuphela. Le ndlela izakuvumela ukuba ufumane ipenshoni kwiminyaka emi-5-8 ngaphambili.

Enye indlela yokuthatha umhlalaphantsi ngaphambi komhlala-phantsi e-US ukukhubazeka. Okumangalisa kukuba, nakwi-United States of America, abemi abadandathekileyo bangafumana isatifikethi esinjalo. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukubhalisa ukukhubazeka ngengqondo yengqondo yengingqi. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba namaxwebhu afanayo avela kwindawo enye yokuhlala.

Olunye ulungelelwaniso olungumcebisi ngumongikazi. Uxhomekeke kwihhala kumntu okhubazekile okanye umhlalaphantsi. Umvuzo wakhe malunga needola eziliwaka. Umongikazi womhlalaphantsi angaba ngumongikazi ngokusemthethweni. Siyabulela oku, intsapho inokufumana eyongezelelweyo i-dollar 600-1000 ngenyanga.

Siyacetyiswa kakhulu ukuba ungabhekiseli kwiindlela ezinjalo, kuba azikho mthethweni. Ngaphandle koko, usengozini yokufumana ixesha lokuvalelwa entolongweni.

Welfer

Bonke abemi abafudukela eUnited States of America bafumana i-so-green card. Ukuba baye bafikelela kwiminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphantsi, babeka inhlalakahle. Oku kuyinkimbinkimbi yokhuseleko olupheleleyo loluntu. Iquka amakhonkco okutya, imithi yamahhala kunye nohambo kwizithuthi zikawonkewonke, kunye nesaphulelo sokuqeshisa indlu. Kungenxa yesi sizathu sokuba abaninzi abanempesheni bafudukela eMelika yaseMelika. Ukufumana olo khuseleko loluntu, kufuneka ubhale isicelo esibhaliweyo kumagunya afanelekileyo. Emva koko, ummi uya kujonga inani lemali engenayo kwaye achaze yonke loo propati. Ukuba umgangatho ophilileyo womenzi wesicelo uncinci, ngoko ke, ngaphezu kwe pension, uya kuba nenkqubo yokukhusela i-social security package. Oku kubandakanywa kunye nabemi abaninzi bomhlalaphantsi. Siyabulela oku, unako ukusindisa okuninzi ukutya kunye neyeza rhoqo ngenyanga.

Ukuqulunqa

Abemi abaninzi baya eUnited States of America. Oku akuyona ingozi, kuba kweli lizwe inqanaba eliphezulu leempesheni. Ukongeza, abaninzi abahlali banelungelo lokufumana iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo kunye nenkqubo yokukhuseleko loluntu. Ndiyabulela kulo mva awukwazi nje ukuhlala ungakhathazeki, kodwa uhamba rhoqo. Okumangalisa kukuba, eUnited States of America, abemi emva kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi baqala ukuhlala ngokutsha. Benza oko bafuna ubomi babo bonke. Oku kubangelwa ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo loluntu. Kubalulekile ukuba kuqaphele ukuba umhlalaphantsi ophezulu kuphela kulabo abaneminyaka engama-20 abanamava abasebenza.