Uhlalutyo lwamagama lwamagama kunye namazwi, uhlalutyo lwesigwebo esilula nesicacile

Phakathi kokuhlaziywa okukhoyo, ukuhlalutya kwe-syntactic yegama eliyinxalenye yesigwebo kwaye ibinzana alilona lobaluleka bokugqibela: lugunyazisa ukunika ubungqina obupheleleyo beeyunithi ze-syntax. Kubalulekile ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwabo, bakwazi ukucacisa iimpawu eziphathekayo kwiyunithi nganye yokudibanisa ngokwahlukileyo. Ngamanye amagama, uhlalutyo olwenziwe ngokubambisana luphawu lwesigama segama kunye nesigwebo (zombini esilula kunye neyinkimbinkimbi).

Ngolu hlobo lomsebenzi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nekhono lokuhlukanisa phakathi kweeyunithi ezisisiseko zokwakha kunye nokwazi izici zobuntu ngamnye. Kudinga ulwazi oluthile kunye nezakhono ekufundeni i-syntax:

- ulwazi lokwahlukana phakathi kwegama-intetho kunye nesigwebo;

- ukukwazi ukwahlula isigwebo esilula kwisakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ukucacisa indlela yokuqhagamshelana;

- ulwazi lwezinto ezibalulekileyo zezivakalisi nezivakalisi, ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwesigama negrama .

Ukususela kwiklasi yesiRashiya kuyaziwa ukuba iiyunithi ezisisiseko zentetho ngamazwi, amabinzana nezivakalisi. Uhlalutyo lwamagama lwegama (ahlukileyo) aluqhutywanga, amagama ahlaziywa ngefowuni kunye nokuziphatha ngendlela. Kodwa ezinye iiyunithi ziqwalaselwa ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga i-syntax, kwaye yonke into iqala ngegama.

Ukuqhuba uhlalutyo olwenziwe ngokubhaliweyo kwegama kwibinzana, kuqhelekile ukwahlula amagama kubantu abakhulu kunye nabancikiweyo (owona mkhulu ugqityiwe kwaye umbuzo uphendulwa kumntu oxhomekeke kuye), ngokukhawuleza ukugqiba ukuba yiziphi iindawo zokuthetha. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kukufumanisa intsingiselo yegrama yemfuza (isihloko kunye nesibonakaliso sayo, isenzo kunye nomqondiso wayo, isenzo kunye nesifundo, njalo njalo). Emva koko indlela yoqhagamshelwano ichongiwe, ngamagama adibeneyo. Ulwimi lwesiRashiya lukwahlukana phakathi kokulungelelanisa, ukuziphatha kunye nokulawula. Kwimeko yokuqala, igama elixhomekeke kulo liphezulu kwiifomu ezifanayo, okwesibini, lixhomekeke kuphela kwintsimi, kwintetho yesithathu imile kwiifom ezithile ezingatshintshiyo.

Ngendlela, uhlalutyo olwenziweyo lwamazwi, ngokuchanekileyo, isicwangciso sawo, lubonakala kanje:

1. Qinisekisa igama eliphambili kwaye uxhomekeke kuyo, mbeka umbuzo.
2. Ukufumana uhlobo lwegama lokudibanisa (igama, umlomo, umlomo).
3. Cacisa uxhulumaniso lwamaqoqo amagama kwiibinzana.

Xa ujikeleza isivakalisi, okokuqala, kuyacaca ukuba luphi uhlobo lwesiphakamiso, olulula okanye olunzima, kuba nganye yeentlobo zazo kukho umyalelo.

Ngaloo ndlela, uhlalutyo lwe-syntactic lwegama (amagama) elivakalisi elilula liqala ngenkcazo yemigaqo ephambili, isiqendu nesifundo. Emva koko sifuna ukufumanisa ifom yesigwebo ngenjongo yenkcazo (ingxelo, ukubuza imibuzo okanye ukukhuthaza), umbala womzwelo (ukumemeza okanye akunjalo). Isinyathelo esilandelayo kukuqinisekisa uhlobo lwesigwebo ngenani leziseko zegrama (enye inxalenye okanye ibhinari), nokuba ngaba kukhona okwesibini kumalungu kuwo, okanye kungabikho (kusasazeka okanye kungangcoliswa). Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba khona kwamalungu ahlukeneyo okanye ahlukeneyo, oko kukuthi, kunzima ngento okanye kungenjalo.

Uhlalutyo lwesigwebo esiyinkimbinkimbi luhluke ngokuhlalutyo olulula. Kule meko, kuyimfuneko nje kuphela ukucacisa iziseko zegrama kunye nohlobo lwesiphakamiso, kodwa ukubonisa ukuba kunzima, ukusekwa ngoluphi uxano (umanyano okanye umanyano) izivakalisi ezilula zidibaniswe kwiinkqubo ezinzima. Ukuba uhlalutyo olwenziwe ngokubhaliweyo lwamagama kwisigwebo esinzima lubonisa ukuba imanyano ihlangene, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuchonga ukuba ingaba yinto yohlobo lwenkqutyana okanye isakhi. Kwimeko yokuqala, oku kunqunywe ngesiseko somanyano - ukudibanisa, ukwahlula okanye ukuchasa. Kwimeko yesibini, kubalulekile ukufumana amacandelwana angundoqo kunye naphantsi, ukucacisa ukuba zithini ukuba zihlobene njani, ukuphakamisa umbuzo nokubonisa uhlobo. Kwisivakalisi esingenakunqunyanyiswayo, okokuqala, ukuxhunywa kwe-semantic phakathi kwamalungu kunye nokuchaneka kweziphumlisi kubonakala. Kwaye, ekugqibeleni, isigaba sokugqibela saluphi na uhlalutyo olwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo kukukwakhiwa kwecwangciso lesivakalisi okanye inhlanganisela yegama, ngamanye amagama-ukutyhilwa komfanekiso wezenzo ezenziwe.