Yintoni na isiko technical? izityalo technical

Abantu abaninzi bayaqonda phantse yonke into elinywayo emhlabeni, ezifana nokutya, kodwa yinto kungachananga. Inkoliso behlabathi umhlaba wezolimo eyabelwe yona phantsi ukulinywa kwezityalo mveliso. Qho ngonyaka impahla ngakumbi nangakumbi ziveliswa ngenxa yabo. Kwaye akukho impahla kuphela. Isepha, amavili, iziyobisi, icuba, izinto zokwakha kunye biofuels - oku uluhlu olupheleleyo izityalo amathuba anjalo. Ukujika izityalo ezininzi kumazwe afumileyo kufuneka ukubaluleka enye enkulu oli, intsimbi kunye negesi.

Types of kwizityalo zoshishini

inkcubeko Technical - a ekrwada kushishino eziphathekayo. Ukunenzela lula, ezi iinkcubeko ziye zahlelwa ngokusekelwe zokufumana izinto ekrwada zikulungele.

• inkcubeko okunesitatshi. Bazibonise, njengoko igama lichaza, ngenxa otashi omnye. Njengomgaqo, ikhoyo nokubakho kwi amatswele. Imizekelo - iitapile, yam okanye yam.
• inkcubeko Sahorosoderzhaschie. Izityalo ukuba ezikhuliswa nezokukhupha sucrose. Eyona idumileyo kwilizwe lethu, abameli izityalo ezinjalo - sugar beet kunye umoba. Kodwa kukho ezinye izityalo ezinqabileyo, ezifana neswekile maple, iinkumbi , okanye chicory.
• Oli. Le iqela elikhulu izityalo zorhwebo. Gumbini abameli balo: zikajongilanga, iimbotyi zesoya, peanut, imithi yomnquma, uCastor, icanola, sesame kunye nabanye.
• Elimnandi. Izityalo equlathe oyile enuka aziphethe ngayo. Iqela nalo enkulu. Izityalo ezifana rose okanye lavender, yehlabathi edumileyo ekrwada ezibonakalayo ukuze ihlabathi iziqholo kunye izithambiso shishino.
• Ifayibha okanye ntambo. Eli qela libandakanya kunye nezityalo nefayibha. Le neflakisi, umqhaphu, hemp, kenaf, sisal, ramie.
• izityalo ngerabha. Eyona idumileyo - Hevea kunye guayule.
• Wokuqinisa. Eli qela libandakanya zonke izityalo, apho ukuvelisa ikofu, iti, cola, ikoko, icuba.
• Cork okanye probkonosnye. Ezi ziquka oki kunye Amur isivalo.
• Amanye amaqela: idayi (Sophora, turmeric, indigo), tannins (saxifrage, um-oki, nespruce) guttaperchenosnye (Euonymus, payena) idosi inkcubeko.

Ukulinywa kwezityalo zoshishino

Izityalo Industrial ziyathandwa indawo enkulu elinywayo kuwo onke amazwe. Phambi kokuba ukhule enye okanye omnye kubo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo kuphela imozulu, kodwa ke kufutshane kwezityalo yokwenza, imfuneko kwimarike izinto zokwenza, apho ziveliswa benkcubeko ethile.

ERashiya, izityalo mveliso kulinywa hayi esebenzayo kakhulu njengoko iimeko zendalo kubenza ixesha kulinywa elide kwaye kufuna utyalo enkulu. E Ukraine, onesikhundla geographical akholiswe izityalo mveliso, ukukhula ngenkuthalo sugar beet, ujongilanga begusha neflakisi.

Zonke iinkozo kunye nezityalo industrial ifuna ukusetyenziswa koomatshini ezizodwa zokucoca kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa. Ngesiqhelo, oku kwakhona zithathelwe ingqalelo xa kulungiselelwa indawo phantsi inkcubeko enye okanye omnye.

Ngenxa umdla olukhulayo zabantu impilo, indlela nokusingqongileyo yobomi izilimo ezininzi mveliso kuzisa umvuzo owongezelelweyo kubavelisi. Ngokomzekelo, lavender kumasimi in French Provence. Babubone nokugqama le izityalo ngokumangalisayo ezintle aqholiweyo utsala abantu abavela kulo lonke ihlabathi. Kubo, amalungiselelo imibhiyozo kunye neminyhadala ezizisa isityhwentywe semali ingeniso engaphezulu.

inkcubeko technical Main eRashiya

Kwindawo yokuqala eRashiya ngamandla kulinywa izityalo zorhwebo ezinjalo ezifana nojongilanga. Kuba ukuvelisa imbewu zikajongilanga, ilizwe lethu ubekwa kwindawo yesibini ehlabathini (ehamba Argentina). Le inkcubeko weza eRashiya phantsi uPetros mna, kunye neetapile. jongilanga yokuqala ezikhuliswa ngeenjongo zokuhombisa, kodwa emva koko bakwazi ukuqonda iinzuzo ezinkulu kwesi sityalo.

Xa British babenegunya phezu ekuvelisweni iswekile, njengoko zonke izilimo ummoba obuphezu kwabo. Sele kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo, amanye amazwe baqalisa ukukhangela, ukuhlangabezana njani neemfuno emakethe yabo iswekile. Ngenxa yoko, ngo-1747 i-German yemichiza Andreas Marggraf iswekile ezifumaneka sugar beet. Ngoku sugar beet zibandakanyiwe izityalo eziphambili (technical) kumazwe amaninzi, kodwa eRashiya ohlala elinye ekhulwini wonke umhlaba olinywayo.

Russia kudala lwaziwa ukuvelisa yeflakisi. E Belarus yaye Russia sisibini esithathwini ezinjalo yeflakisi ifayibha ehlabathini lonke. ehlotyeni nokubanda lemvula Russian - iimeko efanelekileyo zokulinywa komqhaphu. Nangona oku isityalo ifayibha, kodwa ioli imbewu iflakisi umntu ixabiso eliphezulu lesondlo kwaye isetyenziswa ukwenza ipeyinti ezikumgangatho ophezulu. amalaphu zelinen ixesha elide kakhulu, emihle, zisetyenziswa kuphela lula, kodwa eyama kwakunye kushishino ngomatshini.

inkcubeko Technical emhlabeni

Kwihlabathi nyaka ngamnye sivelisa ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-20 iitoni bomqhaphu. Le isityalo industrial eziphambili ehlabathini. Omnye sesihlanu iyonke yehlabathi evuniweyo United States kunye neTshayina, pesenti ezilishumi Pakistan elinywayo India, omninzi yomqhaphu ekhula eTurkey, Uzbekistan, Egypt kunye Syria. Iitoni bomqhaphu kwenza 400 kg ifayibha apho amawaka amathathu seemitha ilaphu.

India, China, Bangladesh kunye namanye amazwe Asia Zidume ukulinywa jute, sisal, ukunika ihlabathi lonke kunye ezirhwexayo, intambo kunye amalaphu irhabaxa. E South-East Asia uyakhula Hevea, sisetyenziselwa ukwenza iimveliso zerabha.

Ibhedolaki bokudaya akhule kumazwe amaninzi. Umzekelo, phantse zonke umyinge lokuqokelela ihlabathi nesafron bobabo Iran. Le dayi nje kuphela, kodwa omnye bobulawu ezininzi zibiza ehlabathini. Ukuze ufumane Kilo of nesafron kuyimfuneko ukuqokelela amawaka 200 crocus.

Kuyenzeka ukuba izityalo yobugcisa baba luphawu lizwe. Umzekelo, waphakama e Bulgaria. Kweli lizwe, kwi Kazanlak Valley unalo Rose Museum edumileyo. Iveliswe ilizwe rose ioli izise Bulgaria udumo kwihlabathi.

Kwihlabathi kwezityalo mveliso ezithandwayo kunye ezifana icuba galo. abatshayayo icuba Cuba Turkish ziyavuyelwa kulo lonke ihlabathi, Germany idume ukulinywa galo.

izityalo izakhi kunye yazo

Isoya - Okwangoku isityalo industrial eziphambili ehlabathini. izazinzulu US bakholelwa ukuba oku kuya kuba mthombo weeproteni uluntu. US uvelisa kwiikota ezintathu iimbotyi zesoya ehlabathini. Wonke seshumi ngetoni izityalo eziziinkozo - a soya. Its adle kuphela, kodwa kusetyenziswa iimfuno zobugcisa. Ukusuka soya oyile ingenziwa ngeplastiki, ipeyinti, zeoli.

Izazinzulu kungoku nje ukusebenza ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezityalo yorhwebo ezinjengezo lupines. Ukuba nokwenzeka kuyo ngokubanzi ngaphezu koko zesoya kanye. Le inkcubeko technical ubhetyebhetye emangalisayo: ifayibha isivuno amalaphu kumgangatho ophezulu, ukususela izityalo ukunika i-oyile kunye kwiipropati antioxidant, ukususela kwiingcambu ukwenza ikofu. Inkokeli lehlabathi ekuveliseni injalo nenkcubeko - Australia.

Ipetroli evela kwizityalo zoshishini

Oil reserves emhlabeni kufika esiphelweni, yaye izazinzulu ehlabathini jikelele lisebenze ukuphuhlisa kuninzi kwamafutha eziphilayo. Khangela ukuba inkcubeko ilungileyo lobugcisa ukulungiselela le njongo.

Logama nje iinkokeli kule bamasimi iimbotyi zesoya, icanola kunye umqhaphu, kodwa kukwakho zityalo ezaziwayo-encinane. Phakathi kwabo - le jatropha South American, Asclepias syriaca, kopayba, njengokuntshula ekweleenjiko we Amazon. E China, safumanisa isityalo Sindor Klabra. izibane zaso incindi ngokuba yi-oyile.

Ukulinywa kwezityalo mveliso kukade icangcisiwe, ngaphaya ezolimo yemveli uguqulwe kwicandelo eliphezulu-zobugcisa zale mihla abanethemba ezinkulu. Lowo oqonda namhlanje, kuphumelela ngomso iqashiso.